Article(id=1322928065357152527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926492627378659, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.09.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340229596, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340229596, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340229596, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340229596, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322926492627378659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1757433600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339854628, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340762858, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322930302095590169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926492627378659, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322930302095590170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322926492627378659, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=7, endPage=10, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322928065638170896, articleId=1322928065357152527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Exploring Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on Autophagy and Micro Relationship between Yin and Yang in Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnId=1256183423710970242, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=New Opinion of Ph.D. Supervisor, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Non alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become the most common chronic liver disease in the world. The incidence rate is increasing year by year. In addition to causing serious damage to the liver itself,it is also an independent risk factor for systemic metabolic diseases and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Autophagy is an important self-protection mechanism in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. According to the concept of“analogical analogy”in traditional Chinese medicine,it is believed that the pathogenesis of NAFLD caused by“Yang deficiency and Yin excess”is similar to that caused by autophagy. Therefore,this article analyzed the relationship between Yin-Yang and autophagy in NAFLD from the aspects of physiology,pathology,diagnosis and treatment. Exploring the micro level application of autophagy and the connection between Yin and Yang in traditional Chinese medicine to induce the restoration of“Yin-Yang balance”of the body and guide the treatment of NAFLD,that is,restoring autophagy function(Yang)and reducing lipid droplet deposition(phlegm dampness,blood stasis and other Yin pathogens),providing reference for theoretical research,clinical prevention and treatment of this disease.

, authors=Xiaoling ZHOU1, Bowen RUAN2, Lijuan FENG3, Fengchuan QIN1, Yiling MO2, Lin LIU2, Teng WU1, authorsList=Xiaoling ZHOU, Bowen RUAN, Lijuan FENG, Fengchuan QIN, Yiling MO, Lin LIU, Teng WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322928066216984849, articleId=1322928065357152527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=基于自噬和中医阴阳微观联系探讨非酒精性脂肪肝病的防治, columnId=1256183426563096985, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=博士导师新论, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)已成为全球最常见的慢性肝病,发病率逐年上升,除了对肝脏本身造成严重损伤外,还是全身代谢性疾病及心脑血管疾病的独立危险因素。自噬是NAFLD发病的一个重要自我保护机制。根据中医“取类比象”思想,中医认为“阳虚阴盛”导致NAFLD的发病病机与自噬导致NAFLD的发病机制相类似。因此,从生理、病理、诊治等方面分析NAFLD中阴阳与自噬之间联系。深入微观层面运用自噬与中医阴阳联系诱导恢复机体“阴阳平衡”指导NAFLD治疗,即恢复自噬功能(阳)、减少脂滴沉积(痰湿、瘀血等阴邪),为本病的理论研究及临床防治提供参考。

, authors=周晓玲1, 阮博文2, 冯丽娟3, 覃凤传1, 磨奕玲2, 刘琳2, 吴腾1, authorsList=周晓玲, 阮博文, 冯丽娟, 覃凤传, 磨奕玲, 刘琳, 吴腾, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

周晓玲(1977-),女,贵州贵阳人,主任医师、教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治肝病研究。E-mail:。

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周晓玲(1977-),女,贵州贵阳人,主任医师、教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治肝病研究。E-mail:。

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周晓玲(1977-),女,贵州贵阳人,主任医师、教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治肝病研究。E-mail:。

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基于自噬和中医阴阳微观联系探讨非酒精性脂肪肝病的防治
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周晓玲 1 , 阮博文 2 , 冯丽娟 3 , 覃凤传 1 , 磨奕玲 2 , 刘琳 2 , 吴腾 1
中华中医药学刊 | 博士导师新论 2025,43(9): 7-10
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中华中医药学刊 |博士导师新论 2025 , 43 (9) : 7 -10
基于自噬和中医阴阳微观联系探讨非酒精性脂肪肝病的防治
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周晓玲1 , 阮博文2, 冯丽娟3, 覃凤传1, 磨奕玲2, 刘琳2, 吴腾1
作者信息
  • 1.广西中医药大学第一附属医院,广西 南宁 530000
  • 2.广西中医药大学,广西 南宁 530000
  • 3.柳州市柳江区人民医院,广西 柳州 545100
  • 4.柳州市中医医院,广西 柳州 545000
作者简介:

周晓玲(1977-),女,贵州贵阳人,主任医师、教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治肝病研究。E-mail:。

Exploring Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on Autophagy and Micro Relationship between Yin and Yang in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Xiaoling ZHOU1 , Bowen RUAN2, Lijuan FENG3, Fengchuan QIN1, Yiling MO2, Lin LIU2, Teng WU1
Affiliations
  • 1.The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530000,Guangxi,China
  • 2.Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530000,Guangxi,China
  • 3.Liujiang District People's Hospital of Liuzhou,Liuzhou 545100,Guangxi,China
  • 4.Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Liuzhou 545000,Guangxi,China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.09.002
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非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)已成为全球最常见的慢性肝病,发病率逐年上升,除了对肝脏本身造成严重损伤外,还是全身代谢性疾病及心脑血管疾病的独立危险因素。自噬是NAFLD发病的一个重要自我保护机制。根据中医“取类比象”思想,中医认为“阳虚阴盛”导致NAFLD的发病病机与自噬导致NAFLD的发病机制相类似。因此,从生理、病理、诊治等方面分析NAFLD中阴阳与自噬之间联系。深入微观层面运用自噬与中医阴阳联系诱导恢复机体“阴阳平衡”指导NAFLD治疗,即恢复自噬功能(阳)、减少脂滴沉积(痰湿、瘀血等阴邪),为本病的理论研究及临床防治提供参考。

非酒精性脂肪性肝病  /  自噬  /  阳虚阴盛  /  阴阳平衡

Non alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become the most common chronic liver disease in the world. The incidence rate is increasing year by year. In addition to causing serious damage to the liver itself,it is also an independent risk factor for systemic metabolic diseases and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Autophagy is an important self-protection mechanism in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. According to the concept of“analogical analogy”in traditional Chinese medicine,it is believed that the pathogenesis of NAFLD caused by“Yang deficiency and Yin excess”is similar to that caused by autophagy. Therefore,this article analyzed the relationship between Yin-Yang and autophagy in NAFLD from the aspects of physiology,pathology,diagnosis and treatment. Exploring the micro level application of autophagy and the connection between Yin and Yang in traditional Chinese medicine to induce the restoration of“Yin-Yang balance”of the body and guide the treatment of NAFLD,that is,restoring autophagy function(Yang)and reducing lipid droplet deposition(phlegm dampness,blood stasis and other Yin pathogens),providing reference for theoretical research,clinical prevention and treatment of this disease.

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease  /  autophagy  /  Yang deficiency and Yin excess  /  Yin-Yang balance
周晓玲, 阮博文, 冯丽娟, 覃凤传, 磨奕玲, 刘琳, 吴腾. 基于自噬和中医阴阳微观联系探讨非酒精性脂肪肝病的防治. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (9) : 7 -10 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.09.002
Xiaoling ZHOU, Bowen RUAN, Lijuan FENG, Fengchuan QIN, Yiling MO, Lin LIU, Teng WU. Exploring Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on Autophagy and Micro Relationship between Yin and Yang in Traditional Chinese Medicine[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (9) : 7 -10 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.09.002
非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)是指在无过量饮酒史和其他明确损肝因素下出现肝脂肪变性为病理特征的肝脏疾病,可能会发展为肝纤维化、肝硬化甚至肝细胞癌,并且需要肝移植,常与肥胖、糖尿病、血脂异常、血压异常等代谢紊乱相关[1-2]。作为全球最常见的慢性肝病,其发病逐渐呈年轻化趋势,如果不加以控制,后果十分严重[3]。其发病机制复杂,目前尚未定论,研究发现[4-5]自噬功能紊乱与NAFLD的发生与发展有关,恢复自噬功能不但可以减少肝脏脂质沉积,而且可以保护肝细胞免受损伤及死亡。《素问》云“人生有形,不离阴阳”,中医学认为阴、阳的偏颇是NAFLD发病根本,“阳虚阴盛”是NAFLD基本病机[6]。自噬功能恢复,减少脂质沉积类似于中医理论的“阴平阳秘”,可看作是机体“阴阳”的微观体现,可见中医病机和现代医学机制极度吻合。本文拟从自噬角度阐述中医“阴阳”理论在NAFLD治疗中的科学内涵,以期为NAFLD的防治提供理论思路。
自噬是由溶酶体介导的发生在细胞中的一种自我保护性机制,参与机体的生理、病理过程[7],自噬根据细胞内待降解底物运送到溶酶体的不同途径,一般分为巨自噬(macroautophagy)、微自噬(microautophagy)及分子伴侣介导自噬(chaperone-mediated autophagy,CMA),而巨自噬最为普遍[8]。巨自噬机制主要是以自噬相关蛋白(autophagy-related protein,Atg)为核心作用的分解代谢机制,以诱导、形成、延伸、融合并降解为生物学过程,对蛋白质、细胞器、脂滴等进行转换,最后产生水解产物(氨基酸、脂肪酸、葡萄糖、核苷酸等)运送到胞浆,维持能量平衡和质量控制[9]。CMA是一种高度选择性自噬,仅发生在哺乳动物中。其机制主要是以热休克蛋白70(heat shock protein70,HSC70)作为分子伴侣,与特定五肽靶向基序的底物蛋白形成复合物,依靠溶酶体膜上的溶酶体相关膜蛋白2A(recombinant lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A,LAMP2A),在溶酶体腔中溶酶体热休克蛋白70(lysosome heat shock protein70,Ly-Hsc70)组成的溶酶体跨膜易位复合体的介导下进入溶酶体腔,最终被水解酶降解[10]。近年来,微自噬领域的研究也逐年增加,如线粒体微自噬、内质网微自噬、脂滴微自噬、植物的色素聚集体、叶绿体微自噬等[11]。其机制主要是溶酶体/内涵体膜或液泡膜内陷或突出直接吞噬微小胞质成分,以此来降解细胞。因此当机体受到缺氧、氧化应激、营养不良等环境变化时,能通过自噬,降解受损细胞器、异常胞内有害物质等,并且循环再利用,维持细胞内环境稳定。一旦自噬功能受损,会导致异常代谢产物的生成和正常代谢产物的蓄积,甚至增加癌症的发生[12-14]。研究发现,自噬失调已参与了多种人类疾病的发病机制[15-16],并且自噬在肝损害中的修复功能也逐渐被报道[17]。
阴阳学说是中国古代哲学思想,是中医理论形成的基础。“阴阳者,天地之道也,万物之纲纪,变化之父母,生杀之本始,神明之府也。”阴阳可以用来概括宇宙间万事万物。中医学借助阴阳的运动变化规律描述人体的生理、病理过程,对指导中医临床具有重要的作用,八纲辨证中就首辨阴阳。
人之阴阳中,阳主动,是生命的动力源泉;阴主静,是生命的物质基础,人体机能正常运行得于阳化气的功能所维持,人体各部位正常得于阴成形的表现。《素问·生气通天论篇》中云:“阳气者,若天与日,失其所,则折寿而不彰,故天运当以日光明,是故阳因而上,卫外者也……阳气者,精则养神,柔则养筋”,此文说明阳气在人体中的重要性,是维持机体生命力的体现。阳主动,具有推动、温煦、气化等作用,将人体精、血、津液化为无形之气,维持脏腑、机体的正常生理功能;阴主静,具有抑制、寒凉、凝滞等作用,将无形之气化为有形之物,促进形体产生。阴、阳两者相反相成的运动形式,相互转化,动态平衡,维持人体平衡,称之为“阴平阳秘”[18]。
一旦机体受损,导致阴阳失衡并超过自身调节,人体就会产生相应的病理改变,导致疾病的产生,若阳气不足或者阳气抑遏,则推动、气化、温煦功能等失职,阴液无法气化滋养机体,导致阴邪异常产生过多,即为水湿、痰饮、瘀血等病理产物,这些病理产物反过来又会影响阳气的功能,由此循环往复,导致疾病发生发展。
自噬通过自身功能维持人体正常生命过程,而阴阳平衡也是调节人体生、长、壮、老、已的生命过程,因此两者之间存在紧密相关性[19]。有学者从微观角度分析自噬,当机体遭受外环境变化刺激时,自噬激活,自噬小体形成,溶酶体、胞浆等为自噬提供场所和物质来源,属于“阳”的范畴。损伤的细胞器、蛋白质和脂滴等通过自噬被降解是细胞内物质,属“阴邪”[20],降解成为核苷酸、寡糖类、氨基酸、脂肪酸等精微物质,属于中医“阴”范畴。
生理上,阳主动,以其推动、气化功能调节精血津液相互转变,是机体代谢和能量的动力源泉。自噬功能可促进细胞代谢及循环再生,维持细胞内环境稳定及为机体生长发育提供能量发挥重要作用。病理上,随着年龄的变化或者其他因素,自噬功能受损,其降解能力下降,导致受损的细胞器、蛋白质、脂滴等病理性产物大量堆积。而自噬不足产生的病理性产物可以理解为是中医学中阳气不足,推动、气化及温煦能力下降,导致气血津液流的运行、转化障碍,不能化生为精微物质而反生痰湿瘀血等阴性产物。如果自噬过度激活,同样也会引起细胞凋亡,产生病理性产物;而这种自噬过度激活类似中医的阳气过胜,阳胜则阴病,阳气亢奋,煎灼精血津液等化生痰瘀等病理产物。基于生理病理意义,可见自噬与“阳”的功能高度吻合,也说明“阳”的功能是维持正常人体生命活动的微观机制。
中医治疗疾病的基本原则是“平调阴阳”,正如《素问·至真要大论篇》中所说:“谨察阴阳所在而调之,以平为期”。因而临床治疗疾病时,可通过调节自噬促进机体恢复“阴阳平衡”。
在我国,NAFLD的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,已成为影响我国居民生活健康的主要疾病之一,因此NAFLD的早期干预刻不容缓[21]。中医药在预防、改善NAFLD方面具有显著优势[22],通过理化指标从微观层面理解中医辨证,对中医整体辨证体系进行有效补充。
肝细胞内脂质异常沉积是NAFLD主要病理特征,促进肝脏中脂质降解是缓解肝脂肪变性和肝损伤的有效手段。研究发现[23],自噬在NAFLD的病理进展中起着关键作用,相关文献报道[24],在NAFLD不同阶段,自噬有着不同的功能,NAFLD早期自噬功能增强促进肝细胞内脂滴降解,减轻内质网的应激,抑制病情进展;NAFLD晚期雷帕霉素靶蛋白被过度激活,自噬降解功能明显下降,脂质代谢异常以及活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)增加,加速NAFLD病情恶化。体外细胞及小鼠肝脏体内实验均证实,自噬对于肝脏脂质的代谢具有重要作用[25],有报道,在NAFLD早期自噬被激活,可以有效降解肝脏中的脂质,防止NAFLD进展[26]。研究发现[27-30],多个信号途径参与了自噬调节肝脏脂质代谢,如磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)/丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶(serine-threonine kinase,AKT)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)、AMP依赖性蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)/mTOR、Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1(Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1,Keap1)-核因子E2相关因子(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,Nrf2)、沉默信息调节因子(silent information regulator,SIRT)等信号通路及关键分子均可激活肝细胞自噬,改善肝脏脂质代谢、减少脂质淤积来治疗NAFLD。相反,研究发现[31],抑制自噬可以增加甘油三酯和脂滴沉积,脂质的异常增加又会损伤自噬功能,如此形成负性循环,导致体内脂质增加。HE A Y等[32]发现,抑制自噬会导致肝脏累积脂滴增加,进而促进NAFLD的发展,另外自噬受阻会导致肝细胞内质网应激,降低脂质清除;而恢复自噬功能可以减轻内质网应激,延缓NAFLD进展[33]。由此可见,自噬途径降解肝脏脂质对于有效治疗NAFLD具有重要作用,是临床药物研究的潜在靶点。
NAFLD归属于中医学“肝癖”“肝着”“积聚”“肥气”“胁痛”等范畴,自古云“十胖九虚、肥人多痰湿。”目前普遍认为NAFLD病理因素的关键在于痰、湿、瘀等阴邪。之所以会出现痰湿、瘀血,《石室秘录·肥治法》直言:“肥人多痰,乃气虚也”。此气虚乃指阳气亏虚,阳气亏虚则“阳化气”不及,津液、血液、气机运行失常,痰饮水湿内生、气机阻滞、瘀血内停,膏脂堆积,停于肝脏,发为本病;同时病理产物又会损及阳气,如此恶性循环,故而病性属本虚标实,其本在于阳气亏虚,痰湿、瘀血、膏脂阴邪为标。肾阳乃先天之阳,是生命的根本;脾阳乃后天之阳,不断充实先天,故而本病发病脏腑主要是肾、脾、肝。脾肾阳虚,气化、推动无力,肝主疏泄,体阴而阳,依赖气(阳)推动,阳(气)亏虚,津液不归正化,聚为痰饮水湿,壅积于肝,气机阻滞、瘀血内生;另外阳(气)即使动力,同时其运行有赖于气机的通畅,气行则阳达,气滞则阳郁,肝失疏泄,阳气郁结不得循行,气化受阻,水湿内停,痰湿瘀血膏脂聚积,遂可发为本病。我们团队[34]调查300例NAFLD患者中,中医体质分布以阳虚兼痰湿质最多见。魏宏等[35]认为肥胖病病机之根本在于阳气亏虚,认为“培补阳气”是治疗肥胖病的根本治法,应贯穿于整个肥胖病的始终,肥胖病人十有九虚,虚的就是阳(气)。如果用泻法来治疗肥胖,肯定是越泻越虚,越虚而越胖。王雁翔等[36]对脂肪肝中医证型调查及其中医病机初探发现,脾肾亏虚兼肝郁为脂肪肝的最多见证型,根本在于肾虚,痰浊、瘀血为标。综上可见NAFLD患者阴阳变化多为“阳虚阴盛”,即阳气亏虚为本,痰湿、瘀血等阴邪盛为标。
自噬异常是阴阳盛衰在微观层面的具体反应[37],机体通过调节自噬降解细胞内脂质类似于阳气的推动、气化等功能。NAFLD初期,在内外各因素的刺激下,耗伤正气,阳气不足,气化、推动、温煦等无力,即机体自噬功能减退,自噬水平相对不足。自噬功能的降低会引起有毒物质在胞内堆积,导致细胞内环境紊乱,进而影响细胞功能及其代谢,病理性产物堆积。从中医理论角度看,这类似于阳气功能降低,导致精血津液运行不畅、气化失职,不能濡养机体,反生痰湿、瘀血、膏脂等阴邪,壅积肝脏,发为本病,正如古人云:“清者其气滑,浊者其气涩,”反过来会阻碍阳气运行,阳气亏虚更甚,而因自噬功能下降导致病理性产物的堆积也会加重自噬水平的下降,如此循环往复,促进NAFLD病情加重。
对于NAFLD的防治目前主要采取调整饮食结构、控制体重、调脂、护肝等方法[38]。依泽替米贝临床上用于治疗高胆固醇血症,体外细胞实验发现,其可降低NAFLD细胞模型中细胞内脂质沉积,减轻肝细胞凋亡,其机制可能是提高非酒精性脂肪肝细胞自噬水平来达到的[39]。研究发现,雷帕霉素、卡马西平均可提高肝细胞自噬功能,已证实有减少肝脏脂肪变性改善胰岛素抵抗的作用[40]。利拉鲁肽是用来控制2型糖尿病患者血糖药物,其可以通过增强自噬提高活性氧清除,从而改善NAFLD氧化应激反应,其机制可能与SIRT3沉默信息调节因子3(silent information regulator3,SIRT3)-叉头框O3a(forkhead box O3a,FoxO3a)-微管相关蛋白轻链3(Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3,LC3)信号通路有关[41]。另外有研究发现[42-43],塞来昔布、去甲肾上腺素均可以通过诱导非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝脏发生自噬体及凋亡小体,改变NAFLD肝细胞脂肪变,成为NAFLD治疗的新靶点。
苓桂术甘汤是健脾温阳化浊的代表方,研究发现该方通过温脾阳,可以提高自噬功能,增强多柔比星(Doxorubicin,DOX)的抗NAFLD相关肝细胞癌(Hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)的作用[44]。我们团队提出脾阳虚是本病重要病机,温中健脾是最核心的治法。理中汤是温补脾阳中医经典名方之一,研究发现[45]理中汤干预NAFLD大鼠线粒体自噬水平明显升高,同时与其血脂、转氨酶及肝组织中的炎症及脂肪变性程度呈负相关。李聆嫦研究发现[46],临床应用加味理中汤可以有效且安全治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎,该方具有温脾化湿功效;另外实验研究证明,加味理中汤可以激活肝细胞自噬,调节脂质代谢,缓解脂肪肝炎及肝功能,其机制可能与抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路有关。人参、泽泻具有健脾利湿效果,研究报道[47-48],均可以恢复肝脏自噬,提高自噬蛋白的表达,减少脂质的累积和炎症。另外实验研究表明[49],附子理中汤可以激活AMPK通路,减少肝细胞脂肪蓄积,减轻炎症,抑制NAFLD进一步发展,而AMPK是自噬经典通路,目前虽无附子理中汤调控自噬治疗NAFLD的报道,但根据理论推出,该方治疗NAFLD可能与自噬有关。赵时鹏[50]研究发现,运用化痰祛湿方可以激活自噬,抑制细胞凋亡,保护肝损伤,减少肝细胞内脂质的堆积,从而有效治疗NAFLD,且高剂量效果疗效最优。实验研究发现[51],运用利湿化痰散瘀法为治疗原则可以调控mTOR信号通路激活肝细胞自噬,来改善NAFLD脂代谢,从而减少肝细胞脂滴异常堆积,最终治疗NAFLD。尽管目前温阳中药或者温阳消阴法治疗本病报道较少,但随着临床研究和实验研究深入,仍是非常值得探讨和期待的疗法。
NAFLD自噬功能异常是机体阴阳失调的微观表现。从病理过程上看,病初自噬功能弱,细胞内有害物质堆积,导致细胞病变,即机体阳虚,气化失调,痰瘀互结。NAFLD患者病程长,阳气亏虚或阳气抑遏、痰瘀浊阴,阴阳偏颇导致的阳虚阴盛是本病病机关键。基于自噬与中医阴阳联系,通过温阳消阴法以调控NAFLD自噬水平,为中医辨证施治的诊疗提供理论依据和新思路。
目前,自噬在NAFLD中作用机制尚不完全清楚,中医药目前报道多是单纯温脾阳或者祛湿化痰消瘀治疗本病,对于温阳气、除阴邪联合研究很少报道,仍需要去进一步探明。自噬和中医阴阳的微观联系在不同疾病有陆续报道,但是在本病中需要进一步研究阐明,从而为中西医结合治疗NAFLD提供新方向,从而更好地实现中医理论的现代化。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(81560756)
  • 广西岐黄学者培养项目(2022-03-07)
  • 柳州市中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2023YRZ0102)
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.09.002
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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国家自然科学基金项目(81560756)
广西岐黄学者培养项目(2022-03-07)
柳州市中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2023YRZ0102)
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    1.广西中医药大学第一附属医院,广西 南宁 530000
    2.广西中医药大学,广西 南宁 530000
    3.柳州市柳江区人民医院,广西 柳州 545100
    4.柳州市中医医院,广西 柳州 545000
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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