Article(id=1322926088355197294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322925862630339452, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.033, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339758242, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339758242, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339758242, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339758242, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322925862630339452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752076800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339704424, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340532184, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929334587105328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322925862630339452, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929334587105329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322925862630339452, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=162, endPage=167, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322926088598466927, articleId=1322926088355197294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Intervention on Activation of Astrocytes in Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion Rats Based on ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 Signaling Pathway, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To observe the mechanism of electroacupuncture intervention on the activation of astrocytes in the hippocampal region of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and its effects on the expressions of reactive oxygen species(ROS),thioredoxin interacting protein(TXNIP)and nucleotidebinding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3).

Methods

Forty-eight adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group,model group,ROSinhibitor group and electroacupuncture group,with 12 rats in each group. The cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rat model was prepared using the traditional Koizumi suture method,and the rats were included or excluded according to the Longa scoring method. The sham surgery group only underwent the separation of the carotid artery. The inhibitor group received intragastric administration of the ROSinhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine solution for 10 days starting 3 days before modeling. The electroacupuncture group received intervention at Baihui(DU20),Yintang(DU29)and bilateral Zusanli(ST36)for 10 min per day for 7 days. Cylinder experiment was conducted to observe the recovery ofneurological function.TTC was used to detect the infarct area of the brain. The immunohistochemistry method was performed to detect the positive expression of GFAPin the hippocampal region.DHE fluorescence probe was used to detect ROScontent in the hippocampal region. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expressions of GFAP,TXNIP and NLRP3 in the hippocampal region,and immunofluorescence was used to determine the colocalization of TXNIPand NLRP3 in the hippocampal region.

Results

Compared with the sham surgery group,the model group showed a significantly reduced asymmetry index,more severe neurological function damage(P<0.01),larger range of cerebral infarction area(P<0.01),increased expression and protein content of GFAP(P<0.01),less proliferation of astrocytes,weaker fiber protrusions of cell bodies,and significant increase in ROS,TXNIPand NLRP3(P<0.01). Compared with the model group,the ROSinhibitor group and the electroacupuncture group showed higher asymmetry index,better recovery of neurological function(P<0.05,P<0.01),smaller range of cerebral infarction area(P<0.01),significantly increased expression and protein content of GFAP(P<0.01),increased activation of astrocyte proliferation,denser arrangement,increased degree of cell fiber protrusions,and decrease in the contents of ROS,TX-NIP and NLRP3(P<0.05,P<0.01),with the electroacupuncture group showing more significant effects than the inhibitor group.

Conclusion

Electroacupuncture intervention can restore neurological function damage in rats,which may be related to promoting the proliferation and activation of astrocytes,inhibiting the ROSTXNIP-NLRP3 signaling pathway,reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions and exerting neuroprotective effects.

, authors=Jing JIANG1, Xiaoqing ZHANG1, 2, Rui CAO1, Yiran CHEN1, 2, Xin ZHOU1, 2, Nan HU3, Shijing SUN1, Jiaxin LI1, Rong SHI1, authorsList=Jing JIANG, Xiaoqing ZHANG, Rui CAO, Yiran CHEN, Xin ZHOU, Nan HU, Shijing SUN, Jiaxin LI, Rong SHI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaoqing ZHANG, Rui CAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322926092826325384, articleId=1322926088355197294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=基于ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3信号通路研究电针对脑缺血再灌注大鼠星形胶质细胞活化的作用机制, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

观察电针干预脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠对其海马区星形胶质细胞活化的作用机制,及对活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、硫氧还蛋白相互作用蛋白(thioredoxin interacting protein,TXNIP)、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3[nucleotidebinding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing3,NLRP3]表达的影响。

方法

48只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,假手术组、模型组、ROS抑制剂组与电针组,每组12只。通过Koizumi线栓法制备脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型,采用Longa评分法对大鼠进行纳入与剔除,假手术组仅剥离颈动脉。抑制剂组需造模前3 d开始用ROS抑制剂n-乙酰-1-半胱氨酸溶液进行灌胃,共连续灌胃10 d,电针组选取百会、印堂以及双侧足三里进行干预,10 min/d,共7 d。圆筒实验观察神经功能恢复情况,2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(triphenyltetrazolium chloride,TTC)染色法检测脑梗死面积,免疫组化法检测海马区胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)的阳性表达,二氢乙啶(dihydroethidium,DHE)荧光探针检测海马区ROS含量,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测海马区GFAP、TXNIP、NLRP3蛋白表达,免疫荧光法测定海马区TXNIP与NLRP3共定位情况。

结果

与假手术组比较,模型组不对称指数明显降低,神经功能损伤程度较重(P<0.01),脑梗死面积范围较大(P<0.01),GFAP阳性表达以及蛋白含量增多(P<0.01),星形胶质细胞增殖较少,胞体纤维突起程度较弱,ROS、TXNIP与NLRP3含量显著上升(P<0.01);与模型组比较,ROS抑制剂组与电针组不对称指数较高,神经功能损伤恢复情况良好(P<0.05,P<0.01),脑梗死面积范围缩小(P<0.01),GFAP阳性表达以及蛋白含量增多显著(P<0.01),星形胶质细胞增殖活化程度增多,排列紧密,细胞纤维突起程度增加,ROS、TXNIP与NLRP3含量均有下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),且电针组较抑制剂组更为显著。

结论

电针干预可以恢复大鼠的神经功能损伤,其机制可能与促进星形胶质细胞增殖活化,抑制ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3信号通路有关,以减轻氧化应激及炎性反应,发挥脑保护作用。

, authors=江静1, 张小卿1, 2, 曹锐1, 陈怡然1, 2, 周歆1, 2, 胡楠3, 孙世婧1, 李佳欣1, 石蓉1, authorsList=江静, 张小卿, 曹锐, 陈怡然, 周歆, 胡楠, 孙世婧, 李佳欣, 石蓉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张小卿, 曹锐, authorNote=

江静(1997-),女,江西鹰潭人,硕士在读,研究方向:针灸治疗心脑血管疾病作用机制。

, correspAuthorsNote=
张小卿(1979-),女,辽宁沈阳人,教授,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:针灸治疗心脑血管疾病作用机制。E-mail:。
曹锐(1971-),男,河北保定人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,硕士,研究方向:针灸推拿基础与临床。E-mail:。
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江静(1997-),女,江西鹰潭人,硕士在读,研究方向:针灸治疗心脑血管疾病作用机制。

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Hydrogen-rich salinea novel neuroprotective agent in a mouse model of experimental cerebral ischemia via the ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome signalingpathway in vivo and in vitro[J]. 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分数/(分)表现
0无神经缺损症状
1无法完全伸展左侧前肢
2行走时向左侧转圈
3行走时向左侧倾倒
4不能自发行走、痉挛、昏睡、意识丧失
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Longa神经功能5级评分标准

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分数/(分)表现
0无神经缺损症状
1无法完全伸展左侧前肢
2行走时向左侧转圈
3行走时向左侧倾倒
4不能自发行走、痉挛、昏睡、意识丧失
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组别n不对称指数/(%)
假手术组649.82±5.87
模型组617.40±1.14△△
ROS抑制剂组635.83±16.30*
电针组644.47±13.80**
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各组大鼠不对称指数比较(±s)

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组别n不对称指数/(%)
假手术组649.82±5.87
模型组617.40±1.14△△
ROS抑制剂组635.83±16.30*
电针组644.47±13.80**
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组别n梗死面积百分比/(%)
假手术组50.00±0.00
模型组522.50±1.71△△
ROS抑制剂组516.90±0.94△△**
电针组513.69±1.58△△**##
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各组大鼠脑梗死面积百分比比较(±s)

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组别n梗死面积百分比/(%)
假手术组50.00±0.00
模型组522.50±1.71△△
ROS抑制剂组516.90±0.94△△**
电针组513.69±1.58△△**##
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组别n阳性面积百分率/(%)
假手术组54.59±1.65
模型组516.66±1.56△△
ROS抑制剂组59.24±0.82△△
电针组511.35±1.74△△**##
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各组大鼠GFAP阳性细胞面积百分率比较(±s)

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组别n阳性面积百分率/(%)
假手术组54.59±1.65
模型组516.66±1.56△△
ROS抑制剂组59.24±0.82△△
电针组511.35±1.74△△**##
), ArticleFig(id=1322926100896166366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926088355197294, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别nROS相对表达量
假手术组4110.00±19.25
模型组4204.50±23.34△△
ROS抑制剂组4140.25±33.44*
电针组4134.00±17.22**
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各组大鼠ROS相对表达量比较(±s)

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组别nROS相对表达量
假手术组4110.00±19.25
模型组4204.50±23.34△△
ROS抑制剂组4140.25±33.44*
电针组4134.00±17.22**
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组别nTXNIPNLRP3GFAP
假手术组51.000±0.1001.000±0.0201.000±0.060
模型组58.431±0.170△△1.891±0.050△△4.696±0.160△△
ROS抑制剂组56.988±0.200**△△1.447±0.050**△△7.307±0.200**△△
电针组54.461±0.030△△**##0.903±0.000**##10.368±0.040△△**##
), ArticleFig(id=1322926101131047393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322926088355197294, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

各组大鼠TXNIP、NLRP3、GFAP蛋白表达水平比较(±s)

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组别nTXNIPNLRP3GFAP
假手术组51.000±0.1001.000±0.0201.000±0.060
模型组58.431±0.170△△1.891±0.050△△4.696±0.160△△
ROS抑制剂组56.988±0.200**△△1.447±0.050**△△7.307±0.200**△△
电针组54.461±0.030△△**##0.903±0.000**##10.368±0.040△△**##
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基于ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3信号通路研究电针对脑缺血再灌注大鼠星形胶质细胞活化的作用机制
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江静 1 , 张小卿 1, 2 , 曹锐 1 , 陈怡然 1, 2 , 周歆 1, 2 , 胡楠 3 , 孙世婧 1 , 李佳欣 1 , 石蓉 1
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(7): 162-167
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (7) : 162 -167
基于ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3信号通路研究电针对脑缺血再灌注大鼠星形胶质细胞活化的作用机制
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江静(1997-),女,江西鹰潭人,硕士在读,研究方向:针灸治疗心脑血管疾病作用机制。

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江静1, 张小卿1, 2 , 曹锐1 , 陈怡然1, 2, 周歆1, 2, 胡楠3, 孙世婧1, 李佳欣1, 石蓉1
作者信息
  • 1.辽宁中医药大学针灸推拿学院,辽宁 沈阳 110847
  • 2.辽宁省教育厅针灸生物学重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110847
  • 3.辽宁中医药大学附属医院,辽宁 沈阳 110847
通讯作者:
张小卿(1979-),女,辽宁沈阳人,教授,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:针灸治疗心脑血管疾病作用机制。E-mail:。
曹锐(1971-),男,河北保定人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,硕士,研究方向:针灸推拿基础与临床。E-mail:。
作者简介:

江静(1997-),女,江西鹰潭人,硕士在读,研究方向:针灸治疗心脑血管疾病作用机制。

Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Intervention on Activation of Astrocytes in Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion Rats Based on ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 Signaling Pathway
Jing JIANG1, Xiaoqing ZHANG1, 2 , Rui CAO1 , Yiran CHEN1, 2, Xin ZHOU1, 2, Nan HU3, Shijing SUN1, Jiaxin LI1, Rong SHI1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110847,Liaoning,China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Biology,Liaoning Provincial Department of Education,Shenyang 110847,Liaoning,China
  • 3.Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110032,Liaoning,China
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.033
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目的

观察电针干预脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠对其海马区星形胶质细胞活化的作用机制,及对活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、硫氧还蛋白相互作用蛋白(thioredoxin interacting protein,TXNIP)、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3[nucleotidebinding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing3,NLRP3]表达的影响。

方法

48只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,假手术组、模型组、ROS抑制剂组与电针组,每组12只。通过Koizumi线栓法制备脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型,采用Longa评分法对大鼠进行纳入与剔除,假手术组仅剥离颈动脉。抑制剂组需造模前3 d开始用ROS抑制剂n-乙酰-1-半胱氨酸溶液进行灌胃,共连续灌胃10 d,电针组选取百会、印堂以及双侧足三里进行干预,10 min/d,共7 d。圆筒实验观察神经功能恢复情况,2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(triphenyltetrazolium chloride,TTC)染色法检测脑梗死面积,免疫组化法检测海马区胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)的阳性表达,二氢乙啶(dihydroethidium,DHE)荧光探针检测海马区ROS含量,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测海马区GFAP、TXNIP、NLRP3蛋白表达,免疫荧光法测定海马区TXNIP与NLRP3共定位情况。

结果

与假手术组比较,模型组不对称指数明显降低,神经功能损伤程度较重(P<0.01),脑梗死面积范围较大(P<0.01),GFAP阳性表达以及蛋白含量增多(P<0.01),星形胶质细胞增殖较少,胞体纤维突起程度较弱,ROS、TXNIP与NLRP3含量显著上升(P<0.01);与模型组比较,ROS抑制剂组与电针组不对称指数较高,神经功能损伤恢复情况良好(P<0.05,P<0.01),脑梗死面积范围缩小(P<0.01),GFAP阳性表达以及蛋白含量增多显著(P<0.01),星形胶质细胞增殖活化程度增多,排列紧密,细胞纤维突起程度增加,ROS、TXNIP与NLRP3含量均有下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),且电针组较抑制剂组更为显著。

结论

电针干预可以恢复大鼠的神经功能损伤,其机制可能与促进星形胶质细胞增殖活化,抑制ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3信号通路有关,以减轻氧化应激及炎性反应,发挥脑保护作用。

电针  /  脑缺血再灌注  /  星形胶质细胞  /  ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3信号通路
Objective

To observe the mechanism of electroacupuncture intervention on the activation of astrocytes in the hippocampal region of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and its effects on the expressions of reactive oxygen species(ROS),thioredoxin interacting protein(TXNIP)and nucleotidebinding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3).

Methods

Forty-eight adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group,model group,ROSinhibitor group and electroacupuncture group,with 12 rats in each group. The cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rat model was prepared using the traditional Koizumi suture method,and the rats were included or excluded according to the Longa scoring method. The sham surgery group only underwent the separation of the carotid artery. The inhibitor group received intragastric administration of the ROSinhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine solution for 10 days starting 3 days before modeling. The electroacupuncture group received intervention at Baihui(DU20),Yintang(DU29)and bilateral Zusanli(ST36)for 10 min per day for 7 days. Cylinder experiment was conducted to observe the recovery ofneurological function.TTC was used to detect the infarct area of the brain. The immunohistochemistry method was performed to detect the positive expression of GFAPin the hippocampal region.DHE fluorescence probe was used to detect ROScontent in the hippocampal region. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expressions of GFAP,TXNIP and NLRP3 in the hippocampal region,and immunofluorescence was used to determine the colocalization of TXNIPand NLRP3 in the hippocampal region.

Results

Compared with the sham surgery group,the model group showed a significantly reduced asymmetry index,more severe neurological function damage(P<0.01),larger range of cerebral infarction area(P<0.01),increased expression and protein content of GFAP(P<0.01),less proliferation of astrocytes,weaker fiber protrusions of cell bodies,and significant increase in ROS,TXNIPand NLRP3(P<0.01). Compared with the model group,the ROSinhibitor group and the electroacupuncture group showed higher asymmetry index,better recovery of neurological function(P<0.05,P<0.01),smaller range of cerebral infarction area(P<0.01),significantly increased expression and protein content of GFAP(P<0.01),increased activation of astrocyte proliferation,denser arrangement,increased degree of cell fiber protrusions,and decrease in the contents of ROS,TX-NIP and NLRP3(P<0.05,P<0.01),with the electroacupuncture group showing more significant effects than the inhibitor group.

Conclusion

Electroacupuncture intervention can restore neurological function damage in rats,which may be related to promoting the proliferation and activation of astrocytes,inhibiting the ROSTXNIP-NLRP3 signaling pathway,reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions and exerting neuroprotective effects.

electroacupuncture  /  brain ischemia-reperfusion  /  astrocytes  /  ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 signaling pathway
江静, 张小卿, 曹锐, 陈怡然, 周歆, 胡楠, 孙世婧, 李佳欣, 石蓉. 基于ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3信号通路研究电针对脑缺血再灌注大鼠星形胶质细胞活化的作用机制. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (7) : 162 -167 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.033
Jing JIANG, Xiaoqing ZHANG, Rui CAO, Yiran CHEN, Xin ZHOU, Nan HU, Shijing SUN, Jiaxin LI, Rong SHI. Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Intervention on Activation of Astrocytes in Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion Rats Based on ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 Signaling Pathway[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (7) : 162 -167 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.033
脑卒中是全球第二大死亡原因,其中发病率位列第一为缺血性脑卒中。目前临床上治疗缺血性脑卒中的主要方法为恢复脑血管血流再通,但是在实现脑血管血流再通后部分患者会加重和加快脑组织的损伤及坏死,导致预后恶化,大幅度提升卒中患者的病死率,这种损伤现象被称作脑缺血再灌注损伤(cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury,CIRI)。炎症反应是CIRI损伤病理机制之一,CIRI后细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的过度堆积促使硫氧还蛋白相互作用蛋白(thioredoxin interacting protein,TXNIP)与核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3[nucleotidebinding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3,NLRP3]结合,从而推动NLRP3多蛋白复合物组装和激活,导致促炎程序性细胞死亡[1-3]。
中枢神经系统中含有两大类神经胶质细胞,其中数量最多、分布最广的为星形胶质细胞(astrocytes,AS)。CIRI产生后AS会被激活,变为反应性星形胶质细胞(reactive astrocyte,RAS),并且在损伤早期,包括急性期和亚急性期,RAS适度增殖可以帮助分泌神经营养因子,发挥抗氧化应激,减轻炎症反应等能力,促进神经功能的修复与改善[4-5]。胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)为AS的独特标志物,研究显示[4,6-8]电针治疗缺血性脑损伤可促进AS的活化,GFAP表达也随之升高,从而减轻炎症反应。本实验探究基于电针干预,是否能通过促进星形胶质细胞活化,从而抑制ROSTXNIP-NLRP3信号通路,减轻氧化应激及炎性反应,为电针防治CIRI的临床应用提供理论依据。
48只成年雄性SD大鼠,体质量280~320 g,由辽宁长生生物技术股份有限公司供应,许可证号:SCXK(辽)2020-0001。饲养于辽宁中医药大学SPF级动物实验中心,自然光线照射,自由饮水摄食,环境条件维持在温度22℃、湿度45%。所有实验操作遵循辽宁中医药大学动物医学伦理委员会审批的标准(动物医学伦理编号:21000042023132)。
一次性无菌针灸针(华佗,0.16 mm×25 mm),电针仪(达佳,6805-A),MCAO栓线(北京西浓),玻片扫描仪(LEICA,HS6),荧光显微镜(NIKON,80IFL-F-PF),化学发光凝胶成像(Alpha,Fluor Chem E),超低温冷冻存储箱(中科美菱,DW-HL388),冷藏冷冻箱(美菱,BCD-208ZM2D),软体针灸固定器,组织破碎机(德国艾卡,T10),生化培养箱(上海精宏,SHP-250),高速台式冷冻离心机(湘仪,TGL-16),多功能酶标仪(美国Molecular Devices,SpectraMax-M2),TS-8水平摇床。
PBS磷酸盐缓冲液(Solarbio),碘伏(利尔康),2,3,5-三苯基氯化氮唑(Sigma,T8877),N-乙酰半胱氨酸(MCE,HYB0215),兔抗TXNIP(Proteintech,18243-1-AP),NLRP3抗体(Proteintech,30109-1-AP),GFAP(GA5)鼠单抗(CST,3670s),DHE荧光探针试剂盒(碧云天,S0033S),BCA蛋白检测试剂盒(碧云天),BSA(Solarbio),RIPA裂解液(Solarbio)。
48只SD大鼠采用随机数字表法分为4组,包括假手术组、模型组、ROS抑制剂组和电针组,每组12只。假手术组:仅剥离颈动脉,不进行大脑中动脉/再通(MCAO/R)模型建立;模型组:建立MCAO/R模型;ROS抑制剂组:采用2 mg/mL浓度的ROS抑制剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)溶液进行灌胃,连续10 d,1次/d,每次以10 mL/kg剂量给药,造模前3 d开始执行,共进行10 d,造模过程同模型组;电针组:造模过程同模型组,针灸穴位定位采用《实验针灸学》中所推荐的方法,取0.16 mm×25 mm毫针向前斜刺“百会”约2 mm,向前斜刺“印堂”约2 mm,直刺双侧“足三里”约5 mm进行造模后干预,连接电针仪,选用疏密波,频率设定4 Hz/20 Hz,电流为1 mA,通电干预10 min,连续7 d。假手术组、模型组、电针组每日均进行一次灌胃处理,每次按体质量计算给予10 mL/kg的0.9%氯化钠溶液,造模前3 d开始执行,共进行10 d。
参考Koizumi线栓法[9]建立MCAO/R模型,简要操作如下:造模前禁食禁水12 h,腹腔麻醉注射3%戊巴比妥钠(0.2 mL/100 g),将颈部正中备皮去毛,消毒后行纵向切口,眼科镊钝性分离皮下筋膜及颈前带状肌肉,充分暴露右侧颈总动脉并用玻璃分针分开附着的迷走神经,沿动脉继续向颅内方向探查颈内动脉和颈外动脉,将颈总动脉近心端结扎并用止血钳牵拉固定,继续于颈内动脉、颈外动脉分叉处系活结并牵拉固定,眼科角膜剪于牵拉起的颈总动脉作约0.2 mm开口,夹住线栓尾端向前推约18~22 mm经颈内动脉、颈外动脉分叉处沿颈内动脉入颅,后结扎线栓与分叉底部,行连续缝合。2 h后拔出线栓,行间断缝合。
所有动物于造模后7 d取材。每组大鼠随机均分为两部分,一部分用于后续2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(triphenyltetrazolium chloride,TTC)染色,另一部分均进行腹腔注射超量麻醉,冰上取全脑,刀片分出右侧半脑,自额向枕部平均分成3分,取2/3冠状切片置于4%多聚甲醛溶液中用于后续免疫荧光以及免疫组化实验,后1/3冠状切片分离出海马组织后放入-80℃冷冻保存,用于蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)实验。
采用Zea-Longa评分法评估大鼠神经功能,以此判断实验模型建立是否成功。造模后清醒时进行神经功能评分,根据Zea-Longa评分标准,评分为1~3分则认为造模成功,将继续参与后续实验。评分为0、4分则认为造模失败,将剔除实验(剔除后,每组最终纳入10只大鼠进行后续实验)。见表1。
各组大鼠随机挑选6只于处死前进行行为学检测,将大鼠放置于直径20 cm,高度40 cm的透明树脂玻璃圆筒内,观察其自发站立探究活动5 min并录制视频记录。分析大鼠左右前肢在其探究活动中的偏爱性,分别记录左、右侧前肢及双侧碰壁的次数,并计算其不对称指数。不对称指数=(左侧上肢碰壁次数+双侧上肢碰壁次数/2)/(右侧上肢碰壁次数+左侧上肢碰壁次数+双侧上肢碰壁次数)×100%。根据不对称指数判断大鼠患肢运动损伤情况,不对称比值越低说明患肢运动损伤越明显,即大鼠神经功能恢复程度越差。
3%戊巴比妥钠麻醉大鼠后,用0.9%氯化钠溶液进行心脏灌注,灌注后血流干净便迅速取出大鼠全脑,放入培养皿置于-80℃冰箱快速冷冻,全脑冷冻质地便于切片后取出。刀片去除嗅球后,自额向枕部均匀切成5个厚度约2 mm切片,置于盛有1 mL 2%TTC溶液的24孔板中,水平摇床37℃避光孵育30 min,排列整齐后使用相机采集图像,Image J系统分析大鼠脑部梗死面积,计算梗死面积百分比。梗死面积百分比(%)计算公式:[左侧半球面积-(右侧半球面积-梗死面积)]/全脑面积×100%。
4%多聚甲醛溶液固定大鼠海马组织,常规石蜡包埋,脱蜡至水后进行抗原修复,静置冷却,PBS冲洗,5%BSA封闭液进行封闭,加入Ⅰ抗(1∶800)后放入4℃冰箱,孵育过夜;PBS洗涤3次,加入Ⅱ抗,室温下孵育30 min,PBS洗涤3次,DAB显色20 min,采用Aperio ImageScope图像分析系统,调整物镜倍数×200并随机截取5个视野,Image J系统分析阳性细胞面积百分率和平均光密度,以阳性细胞面积百分率进行分析。
将冷冻海马切片置于玻片上,用DHE在室温下进行避光孵育30 min,用荧光显微镜观察并采集图像,Image J系统进行量化分析。
海马组织中加入裂解液提取蛋白,分离蛋白,转模去胶,在5%脱脂牛奶液中室温摇床封闭1.5 h,将膜与GFAP、TXNIP及NLRP3(均1∶1000)Ⅰ抗在4℃下孵育过夜。TBST(tris buffer solution tween)洗涤后,加入Ⅱ抗(1∶2000)并在室温下孵育2 h,加入ECL发光液调整曝光系数,采集图像,Image J进行灰度分析,甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH)为内参,假手术组为1进行均一化。
4%多聚甲醛溶液固定大鼠海马组织,常规石蜡包埋,脱蜡至水后进行抗原修复,5% BSA封闭抗原,Ⅰ抗孵育过夜,Ⅱ抗孵育,避光滴加DAPI染料,封片后使用荧光显微镜观察并记录图像。
所有数据运用所有实验数据使用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行统计,计量数据采用平均数±标准差()表示。Shapiro-Wilk检验是否符合正态分布;多组均数间比较采用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA);组间两两比较,若方差齐采用TURKE-Y检验,方差不齐则采用Dunnett T3检验;P<0.05认为差异有统计学意义。
根据圆筒实验所做出的不对称指数进行分析,不对称指数越小,大鼠神经功能损伤程度越重。如表2、插页ⅩLⅧ图1A所示,与假手术组相比,模型组的不对称指数明显降低,神经功能损伤程度较重(P<0.01),ROS抑制剂组与电针组无显著性差异,神经损伤程度较轻(P>0.05);与模型组相比,ROS抑制剂组与电针组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但电针组差异性更为明显(P<0.01),说明电针组相较于ROS抑制剂组神经功能损伤恢复程度更好。
如表3、插页ⅩLⅧ图1B、插页ⅩLⅧ图2所示,与假手术相比,其余3组的梗死面积百分比均有显著性,脑梗死面积明显增加(P<0.01);与模型组相比,ROS抑制剂组与电针组脑梗死范围较小(P<0.01),且电针组梗死面积小于ROS抑制剂组(P<0.01)。
如表4、插页ⅩLⅧ图1C、插页ⅩLⅨ图3所示,各组均有AS不同程度的活化,假手术组AS活化程度最低,其细胞纤维突起较少较细;模型组AS稍有活化,其细胞纤维突起开始增多,但较ROS抑制剂组与电针组程度较弱;电针组AS活化程度最高,细胞数量明显增多,细胞纤维突起程度增加且排列更为紧密,染色更深。与假手术组相比,其余3组GFAP阳性表达均显著增加(P<0.01);与模型组相比,电针组更具有显著性,GFAP阳性表达更高(P<0.01);电针组与ROS抑制剂组存在显著性,电针组GFAP阳性表达程度更高(P<0.01)。
如表5、插页ⅩLⅧ图1D、插页ⅩLⅨ图4所示,与假手术组相比,其余3组大鼠海马区ROS荧光染色程度均增加,其中模型组荧光表达最显著,排列较为密集,ROS相对表达量较高(P<0.01),而ROS抑制剂组与电针组ROS相对表达量没有显著性(P>0.05);与模型组相比,ROS抑制剂组与电针组ROS荧光染色均有不同程度的减弱,ROS抑制剂组与电针组ROS相对表达量也均有显著性,且电针组显著程度更强(P<0.05,P<0.01)。
如表6、插页L图5所示,与假手术相比,模型组大鼠海马区TXNIP、NLRP3、GFAP蛋白表达含量显著增加(P<0.01),但经过抑制剂与电针处理后,TXNIP与NLRP3蛋白表达水平较模型组均有不同程度的下降(P<0.01),且电针组NLRP3蛋白表达水平下降程度更为明显(P>0.05);与模型组相比,ROS抑制剂组与电针组GFAP表达水平均显著上升(P<0.01),且电针组表达水平更为显著(P<0.01),这与上述免疫组化检测GFAP阳性表达量结果相同,说明ROS抑制剂组与电针组加强了AS活化程度,抑制NLRP3炎性小体激活与组装。
如插页L图6所示,与假手术组相比,其余3组的TXNIP与NLRP3共定位水平均增强,其中模型组的荧光强度更强,共定位水平更为显著,抑制剂与电针处理均能有效降低共定位水平。
CIRI在中医学属于“中风”范畴,病变在脑,起因于脉,气血不畅、脉络痹阻、运行紊乱以致大脑损伤。脑为元神之府,“脑髓损伤,神机失用”是其关键病机,治应以疏通经络,益髓调神为主。针刺作为治疗中风的非药物治疗手段,具有安全、经济、高效等特点,在临床上已得到广泛运用。许能贵教授提出的通督调神针法,认为督脉为脑脉,主治脑府疾病,是针刺治疗缺血性中风的关键[10]。“病变在脑,首取督脉”,督脉循行路线与脑交叠,针刺督脉可直达病所,是“经脉所过,主治所及”的体现;肾藏精,精生髓,肾精经督脉传导入脑生髓以化神机,故张锡纯在《医学衷中参西录·论脑贫血痿废治法》中提出:“督脉者又脑髓神经之根也”[11];且督脉作为阳脉之海,具有平衡阴阳,通调气血的作用,若气血调畅,上输富余,则脑髓得充,可奉养元神。故疏经通络,应以针刺为要,调神之法,当以通督为先,二者相须相使,助脑部脉络得通,神机得用,方能恢复机体功能。
本研究以通督调神针法为核心,选取督脉“百会”“印堂”为主穴,“足三里”为辅穴。百会居于巅顶,《会元针灸学》曰:“百会者,五脏六腑奇经三阳百脉之所会”,具有总督诸阳、百脉、诸神之用,是督脉之要穴,深受历代医家重视。《针灸大成》言:“主头风,言语謇涩,口噤不开,偏风不遂”,《丹溪心法·头风》曰:“经年不愈者,宜灸囟会、百会……等穴”,可见百会与脑关系密切,是“通督”治疗脑部疾病的首选穴。现代研究证实,刺激“百会”等可显著减少脑部炎性因子活化和血脑屏障损伤,调控缺血侧相应蛋白表达以及激发调控神经元的产生及分化,从而改善神经功能缺损,促进大脑神经功能重塑[12-14]。印堂在两眉间宛宛中,为神藏之处,是镇惊安神之要。《窦太师秘传》云:“治眼目头风,顶脑昏闷,一切惊风等证”,《素问·刺疟篇》中记载:“刺疟者,必先问其病之所先发者,先刺之,先头痛及重者,先刺头上及两额两眉间出血。”可见印堂用于镇惊安神,治疗脑部疾病由来已久。现代研究表明,针刺“百会”“印堂”等穴可减少炎性小体及炎性因子水平,抑制继发免疫级联反应,阻止神经细胞焦亡,有效提高脑缺血再灌注损伤的耐受程度,调节血脑屏障紧密连接结构,减轻脑组织损伤[15-16]。足三里是五脏六腑之沟渠,位于足阳明胃经之上,为其合穴。“阳明多气多血”,可调补脾胃,滋后天以养先天,推行气血,其作用不容小觑。《医说》曰:“常欲宣通,即无风疾”,《针灸大全》记载:“秦承祖云:‘诸病皆治’,华佗云:‘疗五劳羸瘦,七伤虚乏’”。且中风后常伴肢体羸弱,难以支配,皆属痿证,选取足三里更符合“治痿独取阳明”一法。研究证实电针“足三里”等治疗缺血性脑卒中,可以调节神经元相关机制通路,降低兴奋性毒性,激活线粒体自噬,减少细胞凋亡,改善继发性脑损伤和神经元坏死[17-19]。由此,治疗CIRI应以通督调神为主,刺激“百会”“印堂”“足三里”三穴以激发督阳之气,调畅气血,奉养元神,缓解大脑与肢体功能损伤。AS是中枢神经系统中丰富的胶质细胞,神经元依赖AS以维持正常功能代谢和存活。在CIRI过程中,AS在结构和功能上会发生显著改变,被激活成两种不同的RAS,并且在中枢神经系统疾病中表现出两种截然相反的作用[20]。但有研究证明,在缺血早期,AS适度增殖活化,可上调神经营养因子的释放,抑制炎症区域进一步扩大,发挥保护脑组织,减轻脑神经损伤的积极作用[21]。GFAP作为AS独特的标志物,它可以反映出不同状态下AS的活化程度。在正常生理状态下,GFAP表达量非常低,当CIRI发生后,AS被激活,GFAP大量表达。研究证明[22],针刺后可以进一步增加GFAP的分泌量,促进神经元细胞的恢复,减少有害神经介质,对脑神经发挥保护作用。
VICENTE G C等[23]发现AS线粒体中的ROS是大脑代谢和神经元功能的调控者。正常生理状态下,它可以通过磷酸戊糖和谷胱甘肽代谢等途径,调控大脑内环境的氧化还原状态以及神经元存活;CIRI后,ROS的产生和清除会出现失衡,造成ROS大量堆积,引起氧化应激反应。然而,氧化应激反应与炎症反应密切相关,氧化应激可引起炎症反应,炎症反应又通过氧化应激诱导损伤。TXNIP便是二者之间紧密连接的桥梁,参与氧化应激反应中的炎症信号传导。在正常生理状态下,TXNIP会与抗氧化剂TRX-1结合,维持氧化还原稳态,一旦机体受到外界刺激时,ROS的升高促使TXNIP与TRX-1分离,游离的TXNIP便会与NLRP3结合,激活NLRP3炎症小体的生成。NLRP3炎症小体是促炎程序性细胞死亡的关键,主要由3部分构成:NLRP3、凋亡相关微粒蛋白(apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD,ASC)和半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-1(cysteine-containing aspartate specific protease-1,Caspase-1)。这种多蛋白复合物的生成,可诱导促炎因子白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)以及白细胞介素-18(interleukin-1β,IL-18)的成熟,并在细胞膜上形成纳米孔,使膜破裂,胞内炎症细胞因子也因此被释放,从而加剧炎症反应[24-26]。多项研究表明[27-28],抑制ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3通路,降低缺血损伤后脑组织中的ROS含量,减少NLRP3多蛋白复合物的生成,可激活机体的抗氧化酶系统,缓解氧化应激和炎症反应,这可能是CIRI后保护神经元免于损伤的机制之一。因此抑制ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3信号通路,促进AS增殖活化可作为治疗CIRI的关键靶点。
本研究采用Koizumi线栓法制备MCAO/R大鼠模型。n-乙酰-1-半胱氨酸(NAC)作为ROS的抑制剂,可降低ROS水平,抑制TXNIP表达,下调NLRP3多蛋白复合物的组装和激活[29],因此利用ROS抑制剂处理大鼠模型作为阳性对照,比较抑制剂与电针干预CIRI所展现的趋势。结果显示,抑制剂与电针处理均能够提高MCAO/R大鼠的不对称指数,恢复大鼠神经功能损伤程度,且电针组恢复程度更为显著;TTC染色显示,抑制剂与电针处理可减轻大鼠脑组织梗死面积,且电针组减轻程度更明显;免疫组化与WB显示,四组均可见AS的活化,细胞纤维突起明显增多,但抑制剂与电针处理可促进AS的增殖活化,提高GFAP表达水平,其中电针组AS排列更加紧密,染色更深,GFAP蛋白表达量更显著;免疫荧光以及WB显示,CIRI会造成ROS的过量堆积,抑制剂与电针均能下调ROS含量,降低TXNIP及其下游NLRP3的表达,从而抑制NLRP3多蛋白复合物的组装与激活。综上所述,抑制剂与电针均能促进AS增殖活化,抑制ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3信号通路,且电针效果更佳。两种干预方法产生差异性的原因推测,可能因其所干预的作用途径不同,两组产生的干预效果也就有一定的差异性,抑制剂组属于口服吸收干预,电针属于直接电刺激作用于大脑,所以电针干预短时间内产生的治疗效果会更优于抑制剂组,这也体现出了电针作为治疗中风的非药物治疗手段,具有安全、经济、高效等特点。由此推测,电针防治CIRI的作用可能与促进AS增殖活化,抑制ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3信号通路有关,从而改善CIRI所引起的氧化应激及炎症反应,减轻神经功能损伤,发挥脑保护作用。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82305391)
  • 辽宁省科技厅应用基础研究计划项目(2023JH2/101300052)
  • 辽宁省科技厅联合基金项目(2023-MSLH-197)
  • 辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(面上项目)(JYTMS20231820)
  • 辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(青年项目)(LJKQZ2021066)
  • 辽宁省教育厅高校基本科研项目(LJ232410162029)
  • 辽宁中医药大学自然科学项目(重点项目)(2021LZY050)
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2025年第43卷第7期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.033
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82305391)
辽宁省科技厅应用基础研究计划项目(2023JH2/101300052)
辽宁省科技厅联合基金项目(2023-MSLH-197)
辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(面上项目)(JYTMS20231820)
辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(青年项目)(LJKQZ2021066)
辽宁省教育厅高校基本科研项目(LJ232410162029)
辽宁中医药大学自然科学项目(重点项目)(2021LZY050)
作者信息
    1.辽宁中医药大学针灸推拿学院,辽宁 沈阳 110847
    2.辽宁省教育厅针灸生物学重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110847
    3.辽宁中医药大学附属医院,辽宁 沈阳 110847

通讯作者:

张小卿(1979-),女,辽宁沈阳人,教授,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:针灸治疗心脑血管疾病作用机制。E-mail:。
曹锐(1971-),男,河北保定人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,硕士,研究方向:针灸推拿基础与临床。E-mail:。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zhzyyxk/CN/10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.033
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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