Article(id=1322925908394389636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322925862630339452, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339715335, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339715335, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339715335, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339715335, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322925862630339452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752076800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339704424, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340532184, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929334587105328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322925862630339452, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929334587105329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322925862630339452, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=53, endPage=57, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322925908578939013, articleId=1322925908394389636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Progress of Treating ITP and Th17/Treg Cell Balance in Children by Nourishing Blood and Dredging Collateral Method of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Primary immune thrombocytopenia(ITP)is an autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal immune function. It is categorized as“purpura”or“blood syndrome”in traditional Chinese medicine. According to the etiology and pathogenesis of ITP,the effective treatments for ITP have been explored from the analysis of benefiting Qi,nourishing blood and eliminating blood stasis to provide new ideas for the treatment of immune diseases. In this paper,it explored the effect of Th17/Treg cell balance on the development of ITPin children,which involved dysregulation of immune cell balance,especially the abnormal function of Th17 and Treg cells. Th17 cells are usually associated with pro-inflammatory responses,while Treg cells have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions to maintain autoimmune tolerance.TCM not only improves blood circulation through nourishing blood and dredging collateral method,but also may restore the balance of Th17/Treg cells by regulating the cytokine environment,promoting Treg cell function and inhibiting Th17 cell activity. The clinical treatment of ITP in children with TCM comprehensively regulates the internal environment and controls the development of the disease by integrating the methods of benefiting Qi,nourishing blood and resolving blood stasis and dredging collaterals,emphasizing symptomatic treatment and examining the syndrome to find the cause,especially in the case of mixed of deficiency and excess,which need to be treated in a balanced manner. This article summarized the treatment of ITPin children and Th17/Treg cell balance with the TCM method of nourishing blood and dredging collaterals,and analyzed the effects of TCM method of nourishing blood and dredging collaterals on ITP in children and Th17/Treg cell balance from the perspectives of Th17/Treg cell and ITPin children,nourishing blood and dredging collaterals in ITP in children,and nourishing blood and dredging collaterals in ITP in children and Th17/Treg cell balance. At the same time,it summarized the relevant progress of TCM intervention therapy and provided new ideas for the analysis of the complex mechanism of TCM therapeutic intervention in ITP in children.

, authors=Shuhua FAN1, 2, Ying DING1, 2, authorsList=Shuhua FAN, Ying DING, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ying DING, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322925912634831010, articleId=1322925908394389636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=中医养血通络法论治儿童原发性免疫性血小板减少症与Th17/Treg细胞平衡的相关进展, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

原发性免疫性血小板减少症(Primary immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)是一种机体免疫功能异常疾病,中医把ITP归类为“紫癜”或“血证”,根据ITP病因病机,从益气养血和祛瘀通络分析探索ITP有效治疗方法,以期为免疫性疾病治疗领域提供新思路。探讨了Th17/Treg细胞平衡对儿童ITP疾病进程的影响,儿童ITP涉及免疫细胞平衡失调,尤其是Th17和Treg细胞的功能异常。Th17细胞通常与促炎反应相关,而Treg细胞则具有抗炎和免疫抑制功能,维持自身免疫耐受。中医通过养血通络法不仅改善血液循环,还可能通过调节细胞因子环境来恢复Th17/Treg细胞的平衡,促进Treg细胞功能,抑制Th17细胞活性。中医临床治疗儿童ITP通过整合益气养血和化瘀通络,全面调节体内环境,控制疾病的发展,强调对症治疗,审证求因,尤其在虚实夹杂病机时需兼顾治疗。对中医养血通络法论治儿童ITP与Th17/Treg细胞平衡总结梳理,从Th17/Treg细胞与儿童ITP、养血通络法治疗儿童ITP、养血通络法与Th17/Treg细胞平衡解析中医养血通络法对儿童ITP与Th17/Treg细胞平衡的影响。同时,总结中医药干预治疗的相关进展,为中药治疗干预儿童原发性免疫性血小板减少症的复杂作用机制解析提供新思路。

, authors=范淑华1, 2, 丁樱1, 2, authorsList=范淑华, 丁樱, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=丁樱, authorNote=

范淑华(1984-),女,河南周口人,副主任医师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治小儿肾病的临床及基础。

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丁樱(1951-),女,河南郑州人,国医大师,主任医师,学士,研究方向:中医药防治小儿肾病的临床及基础。E-mail:。
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范淑华(1984-),女,河南周口人,副主任医师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治小儿肾病的临床及基础。

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范淑华(1984-),女,河南周口人,副主任医师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治小儿肾病的临床及基础。

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中医养血通络法论治儿童原发性免疫性血小板减少症与Th17/Treg细胞平衡的相关进展
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范淑华 1, 2 , 丁樱 1, 2
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(7): 53-57
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中医养血通络法论治儿童原发性免疫性血小板减少症与Th17/Treg细胞平衡的相关进展
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范淑华1, 2, 丁樱1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.河南中医药大学第一附属医院儿科医院,河南 郑州 450000
  • 2.河南中医药大学儿科医学院,河南 郑州 450000
通讯作者:
丁樱(1951-),女,河南郑州人,国医大师,主任医师,学士,研究方向:中医药防治小儿肾病的临床及基础。E-mail:。
作者简介:

范淑华(1984-),女,河南周口人,副主任医师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治小儿肾病的临床及基础。

Progress of Treating ITP and Th17/Treg Cell Balance in Children by Nourishing Blood and Dredging Collateral Method of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Shuhua FAN1, 2, Ying DING1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Pediatrics Hospital,The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450000,Henan,China
  • 2.School of Pediatrics,Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450000,Henan,China
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.012
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原发性免疫性血小板减少症(Primary immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)是一种机体免疫功能异常疾病,中医把ITP归类为“紫癜”或“血证”,根据ITP病因病机,从益气养血和祛瘀通络分析探索ITP有效治疗方法,以期为免疫性疾病治疗领域提供新思路。探讨了Th17/Treg细胞平衡对儿童ITP疾病进程的影响,儿童ITP涉及免疫细胞平衡失调,尤其是Th17和Treg细胞的功能异常。Th17细胞通常与促炎反应相关,而Treg细胞则具有抗炎和免疫抑制功能,维持自身免疫耐受。中医通过养血通络法不仅改善血液循环,还可能通过调节细胞因子环境来恢复Th17/Treg细胞的平衡,促进Treg细胞功能,抑制Th17细胞活性。中医临床治疗儿童ITP通过整合益气养血和化瘀通络,全面调节体内环境,控制疾病的发展,强调对症治疗,审证求因,尤其在虚实夹杂病机时需兼顾治疗。对中医养血通络法论治儿童ITP与Th17/Treg细胞平衡总结梳理,从Th17/Treg细胞与儿童ITP、养血通络法治疗儿童ITP、养血通络法与Th17/Treg细胞平衡解析中医养血通络法对儿童ITP与Th17/Treg细胞平衡的影响。同时,总结中医药干预治疗的相关进展,为中药治疗干预儿童原发性免疫性血小板减少症的复杂作用机制解析提供新思路。

原发性免疫性血小板减少症  /  儿童  /  养血通络法  /  Th17/Treg  /  细胞平衡

Primary immune thrombocytopenia(ITP)is an autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal immune function. It is categorized as“purpura”or“blood syndrome”in traditional Chinese medicine. According to the etiology and pathogenesis of ITP,the effective treatments for ITP have been explored from the analysis of benefiting Qi,nourishing blood and eliminating blood stasis to provide new ideas for the treatment of immune diseases. In this paper,it explored the effect of Th17/Treg cell balance on the development of ITPin children,which involved dysregulation of immune cell balance,especially the abnormal function of Th17 and Treg cells. Th17 cells are usually associated with pro-inflammatory responses,while Treg cells have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions to maintain autoimmune tolerance.TCM not only improves blood circulation through nourishing blood and dredging collateral method,but also may restore the balance of Th17/Treg cells by regulating the cytokine environment,promoting Treg cell function and inhibiting Th17 cell activity. The clinical treatment of ITP in children with TCM comprehensively regulates the internal environment and controls the development of the disease by integrating the methods of benefiting Qi,nourishing blood and resolving blood stasis and dredging collaterals,emphasizing symptomatic treatment and examining the syndrome to find the cause,especially in the case of mixed of deficiency and excess,which need to be treated in a balanced manner. This article summarized the treatment of ITPin children and Th17/Treg cell balance with the TCM method of nourishing blood and dredging collaterals,and analyzed the effects of TCM method of nourishing blood and dredging collaterals on ITP in children and Th17/Treg cell balance from the perspectives of Th17/Treg cell and ITPin children,nourishing blood and dredging collaterals in ITP in children,and nourishing blood and dredging collaterals in ITP in children and Th17/Treg cell balance. At the same time,it summarized the relevant progress of TCM intervention therapy and provided new ideas for the analysis of the complex mechanism of TCM therapeutic intervention in ITP in children.

primary immune thrombocytopenia  /  children  /  nourishing blood dredging collateral method  /  Th17/Treg  /  cell balance
范淑华, 丁樱. 中医养血通络法论治儿童原发性免疫性血小板减少症与Th17/Treg细胞平衡的相关进展. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (7) : 53 -57 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.012
Shuhua FAN, Ying DING. Progress of Treating ITP and Th17/Treg Cell Balance in Children by Nourishing Blood and Dredging Collateral Method of Traditional Chinese Medicine[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (7) : 53 -57 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.012
原发性免疫性血小板减少症(Primary immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)是出血性异质性疾病,发病与免疫机制相关[1],直接发病因素为血清中存在的抗体破坏血小板[2],引起皮肤黏膜出血、牙龈出血等,严重的患者会造成内脏或颅内出血。ITP在中医历代的理论中归属于“紫癜”“血证”范畴,历代医家总结凝练将病机概括为主要三点,分别为瘀、虚、热[3]。中医学认为ITP发病特点为本虚标实,虚实夹杂,瘀血是贯穿ITP始终的病理特点,因此治疗原则为益气养血、祛瘀通络[4]。在此治疗原则上,长期的临床研究显示,当归补血汤、养血清癜汤、活血化瘀法、益气养血活血法等均属于符合中医养血通络治疗的原则,养阴和血治疗ITP的本虚,化瘀通络治疗瘀滞阻络的标实。养血通络标本兼治发挥益气养血、祛瘀通络的功效,同时起到补血、止血、宁血、消瘀的治血基本原则[5]。在明确治疗原则后,剖析治疗机制,从免疫Th17/Treg细胞平衡及其相关转录因子等分析治疗相关机制,为中医治疗寻求新契机,找到更为精准的靶点。现综述如下。
儿童ITP的发病与肝、脾脏腑有关,致病因素在实有气滞、热毒、瘀血、瘀阻等,在虚有气虚、血虚、阴虚、阳虚。气虚、血虚可致瘀,阴虚、阳虚也可致瘀,此为因虚致瘀。湿、热可致瘀,气滞、血瘀可致瘀,此为因实致瘀。《黄帝内经》记载“血气相溢,络有留瘀”。从中医角度出发,“气”“血”均为机体基本物质,气可生血,血盈气足,气可摄血,密不可分[6]。中医理论以“气为血之帅,血为气之母”充分表明气血的关系。儿童ITP的发生与气血失衡关系密切[7]。气可生血,能参与血液的生成并促进血液化生。《灵枢·决气》记载“中焦受气取汁……谓之血”。说明中焦脾胃运化水谷,需气推动吸收精微运化生血,气旺则血足,气虚则血少。《灵枢·平人绝谷》记载“血脉和利,精神乃居”,机体血气亏虚,则精神不济,容易出现乏力症状。临床研究指出[8-10]儿童ITP发病表现出血小板减少、出血外,患儿精神均较差,表现为明显的神疲乏力,考虑与气虚不能生血有关。气足则能保证统摄血液在脉络中正常循环,防止溢于脉外。《血论证》记载“人生之身,总之以气统血”。《医述·血证》记载“气虚不统者,血必散漫”。均表明了气能摄血。气发挥正常的功能能摄血,主要是以肝、脾两脏之气的收摄,肝、脾气虚则会引发皮肤紫癜、齿衄等表现。《景岳全书·血证》则认为紫癜出血的病机为气伤。中医治疗中行血、补肝、降气治血方式也是从气血角度出发治疗[11]。儿童ITP发病多是急性期,而成年人则为慢性期[12-13]。《素问·示从容论篇》云:“夫伤肺,脾气不守……不衄则呕。”《景岳全书》中记载“血本阴精,不宜动也……气伤则血无以存。”儿童ITP从“血”出发病机分为火热熏灼、迫血妄行、气虚不摄血、血溢于脉外,致使乏力、出血的发生,总体归为气血失和,核心病机在于“血”[14-15]。肝主藏血,五行属木,木气条达,血脉畅通,若木郁则化火,血不和。脾主统血,统管血液运行。脾阳虚则不摄血,脾阴虚则无法滋养血脉。肝脾气血虚,肝木克土,气郁化火因此ITP患儿主要有烦躁、情绪低落等症状,病机与气血失和、肝脾失调有关。
儿童ITP发病最初是血小板受损破坏大于生成速度,但研究加深后,发病机制不断完善,涉及到以下发病机制:①病毒性T细胞引起血小板破坏;②自身反应性B细胞介导抗体产生;③辅助型T细胞及对应细胞因子失衡;④其他,如树突状细胞、抗原提呈细胞、巨噬细胞等均参与病理过程,且最终结果均是导致血小板破坏减少。机体免疫分为体液免疫和细胞免疫,而细胞免疫中以淋巴细胞T细胞为主,包括Th1、Th2、Th17等亚群[16]。ITP的发病中存在Th1/Th2的失衡,而随着研究深入也发现Th17、Treg细胞的异常与ITP发病有关[17-20]。
近年的研究中发现[21-22],儿童ITP的发病与两种细胞及其属性类目下的细胞因子有关。一种是Th17细胞,能调控属性类目下的细胞因子分泌,如IL-17A、IL-22、IL-17F、IL-21等,具有特异性,促进转录因子RORγt表达,具有促炎反应,在宿主的免疫机制中发挥重要作用。另一种是Treg细胞,属于T细胞属性类目,具有低反应特性和免疫抑制性,高度表达CD25,分泌属性类目下的细胞因子为IL-10、TGF-β等,具有特异性,促进转录因子Foxp3表达,具有免疫抑制性,有利于维持外周免疫力。这两种细胞及其属性类目下的细胞因子平衡受损后,会导致多种自身免疫性疾病的发生。研究指出[23],慢性儿童ITP的发病中,检测TGF-β水平下降显著,而IL-17、INF-γ水平升高,由此可见Th17/Treg细胞平衡被破坏。类似的研究也指出[24]ITP患儿中淋巴细胞免疫水平检测,水平下降,且Foxp3表达处于低水平。而对成人ITP的研究发现[25],则是Th17占比升高,Treg水平降低。国外相关研究则指出[26-28],ITP的发生后机体IL-17A水平升高,其余Th17调控的细胞因子水平也高于健康人群。在ITP动物模型中[29]检测血清、脾脏中Th17相关细胞因子水平为高表达。佟海侠等[30]则发现ITP患者淋巴细胞水平与健康人群相比,处于低水平。而郝立君等[31]则检测出ITP后Treg细胞占比与健康人群比较无较大差异,但体外免疫抑制活性却显著下降,表示Treg细胞功能异常后与ITP发病群体免疫耐受的缺失有密切关联。ITP患儿处于疾病活动期时,Treg细胞及其属性类目下的相关因子受抑制,Th17细胞及其属性类目下的相关因子水平升高,Th17/Treg细胞失衡,从而致病[32]。Treg细胞能对B细胞产生抑制作用,降低其活性,ITP发病后Treg细胞功能下降。而IL-17因子单独或与B细胞刺激因子协同对B细胞产生保护作用,防止B细胞凋亡,还可促进增殖和分化。另外的研究也提示[33],ITP发病后血清检测Th17水平、IL-17水平升高,而B细胞刺激因子水平随之升高,协同作用刺激B细胞发生反应。从以上内容的描述中,Th17/Treg细胞失衡会刺激强化B细胞反应,促进血小板抗体生成从而引发ITP发病和病情进展。
气虚血运行失常而致瘀,儿童ITP的基本病机为瘀。发病以虚为主时,治疗上需辨明发病脏腑以心脾肾为主,因虚致病治疗原则应以益气养血,滋阴养阳为主,根据发病急缓治疗[34]。发病以实为主时,治疗上需辨明发病脏腑以肝脾为主,因实致病治疗原则为清热祛邪、活血化瘀、化湿解毒等。虚实夹杂的患者,需要二者同治,儿童ITP的发病多虚实夹杂,治疗上应审证求因,对症治疗。
赵海东等学者[35]研究认为儿童ITP病机在血,病程久,难痊愈。针对气不摄血的患儿,采用益气生血汤,自拟加减后,重用黄芪、当归以补气生血,健脾益气、生血止血,治疗后血小板计数明显升高,安全有效。郑兵荣则[36]认为气不摄血型紫癜患儿病久及肾,采用归脾汤治疗,加大熟地黄剂量,以滋阴补肾,养肝补血,治疗后获得满意效果,患儿症状显著改善。李宇迪等指出国医大师丁樱[37]认为,儿童ITP的治疗中需要重点调理脾脏,在血以调血,活血止血养血,同时调节血瘀、出血、血虚。采用当归补血汤、四物汤治疗气血亏虚型儿童ITP,益气养血,活血止血,治疗后血小板计数升高,疗效明显。王明镜学者[38]根据“阴火”中医理论,认为儿童ITP病因为气血阴阳失常,脉络受损,血循行于脉外;阴损及阳,火不归元,上浮浅表,迁延不愈,中医治疗予以补中益气,固本扶阳,调补营血,达到较为理想的治疗效果。
血与肝脾相关,儿童ITP发病损伤肝脾肾阴血,从《景岳全书》中可得,发病后迁延不愈,耗气伤阴,久而久之,形成阴虚火旺证型紫癜,采用滋阴益肾法[39]治疗具有滋阴补血、强筋健骨的功效,疗效持久;采用大补阴丸与茜根散[40]治疗滋阴降火、凉血安络,血静则安。临床研究发现[41]肾阳不足、血虚也会引起儿童ITP的发病,皮肤及四肢会出现瘀血。王珺等学者[42]采用温阳止血经方治疗,能有效温补肾精,活血化瘀止血,治疗后症状显著改善。在对比研究中[43]将中医药养血、活血、止血、祛瘀、通络治法与西药治疗比较,中医药治疗获得显著疗效,且可以保持血小板水平稳步提升,无需应用糖皮质激素,有效缓解ITP症状,安全有效。王海燕等[44]在激素治疗的基础上加用通脉止血方治疗,有效降低炎症因子水平,还可促进巨核细胞增生,疗效明显。也有研究认为[45]泼尼松联合升血小板胶囊治疗能通过改变Treg细胞数目、功能从而发挥治疗效用。
Treg细胞能够经多种途径对炎症的发生、免疫反应、组织损伤等产生抑制作用,从而维持机体对自身抗原免疫耐受,抑制机体过度免疫的发生。Treg细胞功能失衡或细胞缺失会引起多种自身免疫性疾病的发生,还可能促进异常免疫反应的正向发生。有研究指出[46],Treg细胞缺失引起的免疫性肠病,提示免疫过激会破坏肠道共生菌造成破坏。当水平降低或消除后Treg细胞能增强免疫防御机制,清除肿瘤细胞及细菌等。动物实验也发现[47],含量丰富的正常鼠细胞对器官移植物产生免疫耐受性。由此可推断,骨髓移植治疗能有效防止抗宿主病的发生。陈珮等[48]采用自拟归脾合剂治疗ITP,具有补气但不过,养血不腻,止血不留瘀等功效,结果显示治疗后患者血小板相关抗体PAIgG水平,血小板计数增加,出血症状得到有效改善,同时可有效改善气短、乏力、自汗等症状,效果优于激素治疗。从而看出,归脾合剂治疗能改善ITP患者T细胞免疫功能,增加水平Treg细胞免疫抑制功能,而减少自身抗体的作用,从而达到治疗目的。李兆海等[49]采用益气养血、补肾调阴阳、活血解毒的方剂治疗,标本兼治;患者治疗后外周血小板计数水平升高,相关抗体PAIgG、PAIgM、PAIgA水平,获得显著疗效。黄子明等[50]研究中遵循养血通络的原则,采用益气摄血化瘀通络的方剂治疗ITP,随机分组对照研究发现,中医治疗效果优于激素治疗。部分动物实验研究也证实[51],益气养阴清热化瘀方剂用于ITP的治疗中,ITP模型组水平Treg含量、蛋白表达、Foxp3基因、细胞因子IL-10水平明显低于正常组,合方剂量组以上指标水平高于模型组。证实益气养阴清热化瘀汤剂治疗能调控Treg细胞分化,促进Foxp3基因蛋白的表达从而降低细胞因子IL-10的分泌,从而缓解病情。可见中医养血通络治疗原则下,众多研究证实治疗机制与改善免疫功能有关,益气养血、化瘀通络药物的应用能通过改善水平Treg细胞免疫水平,从而恢复Treg细胞正常生理功能,维持正常机体免疫功能。
Th17是T细胞的亚群属,主要分泌IL-17细胞因子,而IL-6、IL-1β、IL-21、TGF-β等因子水平与Th17的分泌有关[52]。而IL-17的调控转录关键因子为视黄酸相关核孤儿受体(RORγt/RORct)。正常情况下,Th17会分泌炎症因子、集落刺激因子以及趋化因子从而促进粒细胞生成,伴随在炎症位点汇集,为宿主提供免疫防御,以此有效抗病毒、细菌、真菌,发挥保护效应。IL-22与IL-17联合后可诱导抵抗蛋白、细菌等。而Th17还能增强B细胞、T细胞的协同作用。IL-17[53]是Th17的细胞因子,具有特异性,能诱导CXC-趋化因子配体的表达,发挥作用,汇聚炎症细胞,介导对抗不同类型的感染从而发挥免疫防御作用。IL-17能与其他促炎因子,如IL-22、IFN-γ、TNF-α等发挥协同作用,比如在关节组织中发现了IL-17可上调TNFR-Ⅱ表达增强TNF-α信号。从基因层面分析[54],IL-17能增强TNF-α相关启动因子mRNA稳定性。而适应性免疫系统中IL-17作为促炎因子,促进粒细胞再生和聚集以调节宿主防御功能。动物实验研究发现[55],ITP小鼠模型与正常组比较,IL-17、IL-21、RORγt、STAT3水平异常升高,合方益气养血化瘀通络治疗后以上因子水平表达与模型组对比均显著下降,可见中医益气养血化瘀通络治疗可通过调控Th17细胞因子转录,炎症缓解,血小板破坏减轻,缓解出血症状。而朱小勤等[56]采用加味归脾汤治疗气虚型ITP的效用机制具有一致处。另有研究中[51],小鼠模型组水平Treg的高表达,Foxp3、IL-10水平低于正常组,Th17、RORγt、STAT3以及IL-21水平均高于正常组,治疗后Th17与Treg相关细胞因子水平逐渐恢复趋于正常水平。发挥疗效作用的机制可能是因为汤剂治疗后对Th17转录因子RORγt、STAT3的表达产生抑制,而促进Treg转录因子Foxp3表达,降低Th17水平,提升Treg细胞数目,调控Th17/Treg水平,降低IL-17水平,升高IL-10水平,从而有效恢复宿主免疫稳态,减轻血小板破坏,促进血小板生成,对ITP的发挥保护作用,从而治愈疾病。
养血通络法是中医治疗多种疾病的常用方法,主要通过补充和调整体内血液的生成与循环来实现疗效。在儿童ITP及其免疫调节异常中,Th17和Treg细胞的平衡对维持免疫稳态至关重要。Th17细胞与促炎反应有关,而Treg细胞则主要具有抗炎和免疫抑制功能。其机制分析为:①养血作用:中医理论认为,充足且健康的血液是维持正常免疫功能和生理平衡的基础。养血通络法通过提高血液质量和改善血液循环,从而为免疫细胞如T细胞的正常发育和功能提供良好的内环境。这种方法可能通过改善微循环和增加免疫器官的血液供应,促进了Treg细胞的增殖与功能,同时抑制了Th17细胞的过度活跃。②调节细胞因子环境:养血通络法可能通过影响细胞因子的表达来调节Th17/Treg平衡。通过促进抗炎细胞因子如IL-10和TGF-β的分泌,以及抑制促炎细胞因子如IL-6和IL-17的活性,从而支持Treg细胞功能并抑制Th17细胞的分化。
在中医养血通络法中,可能涉及的关键细胞因子和信号传导通路包括:TGF-β/Smad信号通路:TGF-β是调节Treg细胞分化的关键因子,同时也能抑制Th17细胞的分化。养血通络法可能通过增强TGF-β的表达和活性,激活Smad依赖性信号通路,从而促进Treg细胞的功能并抑制Th17细胞的活性。IL-6/JAK/STAT3信号通路:IL-6是诱导Th17细胞分化的关键因子,通过激活JAK/STAT3信号通路发挥作用。养血通络法可能通过抑制IL-6的表达或阻断JAK/STAT3信号通路,减少Th17细胞的生成。NF-κB信号通路:NF-κB路径在调控炎症反应和免疫细胞功能中扮演核心角色。养血通络法可能通过抑制NF-κB的激活,减轻炎症状态,从而调节Th17和Treg细胞的平衡。
这些机制和信号通路的调控显示了中医养血通络法在调整儿童ITP患者中Th17/Treg细胞平衡中的潜在科学基础。通过进一步的实验研究和临床试验验证,可以为中医养血通络法在现代医学中的应用提供更加坚实的理论和实践基础(插页ⅩⅩⅦ图1)。
ITP的发生和病情发展与免疫机能有关,也与Th17/Treg细胞失衡有关。而中医药治疗儿童ITP在临床逐渐推广,明确发病机制,精准辨证,积极治疗能有效控制ITP的发生与发展。整个治疗过程中,找出关键病机,治疗上采用养血通络治疗,从实验研究、临床实践各方面均提示养血通络疗法涵盖了益气补血、调和阴阳、虚实同治、化瘀通络等治疗原则,能对ITP有系统的治疗,对保护血小板避免破坏、防止出血、恢复免疫有显著效果。从Th17/Treg平衡出发明确中医药治疗ITP患儿的机制,可获得显著临床效益,体现中医药治疗优势,为儿童ITP的治疗提供新的免疫点位。
  • 国家中医药管理局国医大师传承项目(国中医药办人教函〔2022〕245号)
  • 国家中医药管理局丁樱国医大师传承工作室项目(2022)
  • 国家中医药管理局第七批全国老中医药专家学术经验继承项目(国中医药人教函〔2022〕76号)
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.07.012
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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国家中医药管理局国医大师传承项目(国中医药办人教函〔2022〕245号)
国家中医药管理局丁樱国医大师传承工作室项目(2022)
国家中医药管理局第七批全国老中医药专家学术经验继承项目(国中医药人教函〔2022〕76号)
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    1.河南中医药大学第一附属医院儿科医院,河南 郑州 450000
    2.河南中医药大学儿科医学院,河南 郑州 450000

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丁樱(1951-),女,河南郑州人,国医大师,主任医师,学士,研究方向:中医药防治小儿肾病的临床及基础。E-mail:。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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