Article(id=1322925282696495705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.029, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339566158, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339566158, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339566158, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339566158, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322923490592043032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1746806400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339138887, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340572227, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929502539612595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929502539612596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923490592043032, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=159, endPage=163, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322925284395188828, articleId=1322925282696495705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Mechanism of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Tinglizi(Descurainiae Semen)in Improving Cardiac Function in Rats with Heart Failure through Regulating AMPK/mTOR Autophagy Pathway, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Tinglizi(Descurainiae Semen)improving cardiac function in rats with heart failure by modulating AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway and influencing autophagy.

Method

Sixty male SD rats of SPF grade were selected,with 8 randomly assigned to the control group(CON). The remaining rats received subcutaneous injections of isoproterenol solution at a dose of 3 mg·kg-1 on the back of their shoulders for 10 consecutive days to induce heart failure. Forty heart failure rats were randomly allocated into five groups:model control group(MC),Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Tinglizi(Descurainiae Semen)low-dose group(HTL),Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Tinglizi(Descurainiae Semen)medium-dose group(HTM),Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Tinglizi(Descurainiae Semen)high-dose group(HTH),enalapril group(ENA). Each group consisted of eight rats. Following a 14-day period of drug administration,B-ultrasound was used to measure the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and left ventricular short axis shortening rate(LVFS). The left ventricle was then isolated and weighed,and the length of the tibia was measured. The levels of type B natriuretic peptide(BNP)and atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)in serum of rats were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Histopathological changes in the myocardium were observed using Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Masson staining. Western blot analysis was employed to assess the activation status of autophagy-associated protein sequestosome 1(SQSTM1/p62),microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)and AMPK/mTORpathway proteins.

Result

The results of the study indicated that in MCgroup,there was a significant decrease in LVEF and LVFScompared to those in CON group(P<0.01). Additionally,the heart index,left ventricular mass index and heart to shin ratio were found to be significantly increased in MCgroup(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05). Furthermore,the serum levels of BNPand ANPwere significantly increased(P<0.01). MCgroup also exhibited aggravated myocardial tissue pathological injury and fibrosis as well as increased expressions of p-AMPK/AMPK and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I(P<0.01). Conversely,the expressions of p-mTOR/mTOR and p62 were decreased(P<0.01). In comparison to MC group,the HTH group and ENA group exhibited significant increases in LVEF and LVFS(P<0.01). Additionally,there were significant decreases in heart index and heart-tibial ratio(P<0.01,P<0.05)as well as significant decreases in serum levels of ANP and BNP(P<0.01,P<0.05). Moreover,the degree of myocardial tissue pathological injury and fibrosis was alleviated. The expressions of p-AMPK/AMPK and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I were decreased(P<0.01),while the expressions of p-mTOR/mTOR and p62 were increased(P<0.01,P<0.05).

Conclusion

By modulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway,Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Tinglizi(Descurainiae Semen)is able to attenuate the hyperactive autophagic flux in rats with heart failure and ameliorate their cardiac function.

, authors=Mengyue WANG1, 2, Yue YU1, Songlin NI1, 2, Mo SUN1, Shijun WANG1, 2, Qian CHEN1, 2, authorsList=Mengyue WANG, Yue YU, Songlin NI, Mo SUN, Shijun WANG, Qian CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shijun WANG, Qian CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322925294398603896, articleId=1322925282696495705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=黄芪-葶苈子药对通过调控AMPK/mTOR自噬通路改善心力衰竭大鼠心功能的作用机制, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究黄芪-葶苈子药对通过调控腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)通路影响细胞自噬,改善心力衰竭(heart failure,HF)大鼠心功能的作用机制。

方法

选用SPF级雄性SD大鼠60只,随机选取8只为空白组(CON),其余大鼠在肩胛背部连续10 d皮下注射异丙肾上腺素溶液3 mg·kg-1建立心力衰竭大鼠模型。将40只建模成功大鼠随机分成模型组(MC)、黄芪-葶苈子低剂量组(HTL)、黄芪-葶苈子中剂量组(HTM)、黄芪-葶苈子高剂量组(HTH)、依那普利组(ENA),每组8只。药物治疗14 d后,B超检测左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)和左室短轴缩短率(left ventricular fractional shortening,LVFS),取大鼠心脏同时分离左心室并称重、取胫骨测量长度。通过酶联免疫吸附测定法测定大鼠血清中B型利钠肽(type B natriuretic peptide,BNP)和心房钠尿肽(atrial natriuretic peptide,ANP)含量。采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色和马松(Masson)染色观察心肌组织病理学变化,采用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测自噬相关蛋白螯合体1(sequestosome 1,SQSTM1/p62)、微管相关蛋白1轻链3(light chain 3 microtubule associated protein 1,LC3)和AMPK/mTOR通路蛋白活化状态。

结果

与空白组相比,模型组大鼠LVEF和LVFS显著降低(P<0.01),心脏指数、左心室质量指数、心胫比值明显上升(P<0.01、P<0.01、P<0.05),血清中BNP和ANP含量显著上升(P<0.01),心肌组织病理损伤及纤维化程度加重,p-AMPK/AMPK、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I表达升高(P<0.01),p-mTOR/mTOR、p62表达降低(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,HTH组与ENA组大鼠LVEF、LVFS显著上升(P<0.01),心脏指数、心胫比值显著降低(P<0.01、P<0.05),血清中ANP、BNP含量显著降低(P<0.01、P<0.05),心肌组织病理损伤及纤维化程度减轻,p-AMPK/AMPK、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I表达降低(P<0.01),p-mTOR/mTOR、p62表达升高(P<0.01、P<0.05)。

结论

黄芪-葶苈子药对通过调控AMPK/mTOR信号通路,抑制大鼠心衰时过度活化的自噬流,发挥改善心衰大鼠心功能的作用。

, authors=王梦月1, 2, 于越1, 倪松林1, 2, 孙漠1, 王世军1, 2, 陈倩1, 2, authorsList=王梦月, 于越, 倪松林, 孙漠, 王世军, 陈倩, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王世军, 陈倩, authorNote=

王梦月(1999-),女,河南平顶山人,硕士在读,研究方向:中医证候模型生物学机制及中药药性。

, correspAuthorsNote=
陈倩(1984-),女,山东济南人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中药药性。E-mail:。
王世军(1963-),男,山东济南人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医证候模型生物学机制及中药药性。E-mail:。
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王梦月(1999-),女,河南平顶山人,硕士在读,研究方向:中医证候模型生物学机制及中药药性。

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王梦月(1999-),女,河南平顶山人,硕士在读,研究方向:中医证候模型生物学机制及中药药性。

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label=图1, caption=各组大鼠超声心动图, figureFileSmall=8OAovLKZVFOGVELOylvXjw==, figureFileBig=mlEKZK4DleFplwsAFKKORQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322925315755999923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322925282696495705, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HOPlr5VKCN/lkKG2dnP3og==, figureFileBig=zCvykU1tUukgA3hUP3g1lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322925316183818932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322925282696495705, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组大鼠心肌组织HE染色结果(HE染色,×40), figureFileSmall=HOPlr5VKCN/lkKG2dnP3og==, figureFileBig=zCvykU1tUukgA3hUP3g1lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322925316607443637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322925282696495705, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=VPIxgENONU4lL0n6SGy42g==, figureFileBig=L+MlppySI1/d+bOMEm30wA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322925316699718326, 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figureFileSmall=PB2oQ9UCXaewYjmpF8NMTg==, figureFileBig=ZBrW1k/T5tAr/Ow9GLFllg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322925319564427962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322925282696495705, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各组大鼠p-AMPK、AMPK、p-mTOR、mTOR蛋白表达图, figureFileSmall=PB2oQ9UCXaewYjmpF8NMTg==, figureFileBig=ZBrW1k/T5tAr/Ow9GLFllg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322925319967081147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322925282696495705, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别nLVEF/(%)LVFS/(%)
CON688.59±3.0060.57±4.17
MC657.62±2.81**31.53±2.03**
HTL670.55±2.45##41.19±2.10##
HTM674.25±1.80##44.45±1.56##
HTH682.35±1.66##52.71±1.74##
ENA680.99±2.32##51.15±2.25##
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各组大鼠超声心动图参数比较(±s)

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组别nLVEF/(%)LVFS/(%)
CON688.59±3.0060.57±4.17
MC657.62±2.81**31.53±2.03**
HTL670.55±2.45##41.19±2.10##
HTM674.25±1.80##44.45±1.56##
HTH682.35±1.66##52.71±1.74##
ENA680.99±2.32##51.15±2.25##
), ArticleFig(id=1322925321216983742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322925282696495705, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别n心脏指数/(mg/g)左心室质量指数/(mg/g)心胫比值/(mg/mm)
CON63.10±0.151.64±0.2828.54±0.93
MC63.55±0.14**2.13±0.09**36.10±1.65*
HTL63.48±0.201.98±0.1131.77±1.75#
HTM63.39±0.122.01±0.0631.73±1.09#
HTH63.24±0.10##1.97±0.0530.54±0.59#
ENA63.21±0.14##1.78±0.03#31.28±1.54#
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各组大鼠心脏指数、左心室质量指数和心胫比值比较(±s)

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组别n心脏指数/(mg/g)左心室质量指数/(mg/g)心胫比值/(mg/mm)
CON63.10±0.151.64±0.2828.54±0.93
MC63.55±0.14**2.13±0.09**36.10±1.65*
HTL63.48±0.201.98±0.1131.77±1.75#
HTM63.39±0.122.01±0.0631.73±1.09#
HTH63.24±0.10##1.97±0.0530.54±0.59#
ENA63.21±0.14##1.78±0.03#31.28±1.54#
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组别nBNPANP
CON3288.9±31.8368.5±11.99
MC3530.5±152.90**150.5±16.40**
HTL3346.7±5.43##108.3±24.01#
HTM3355.0±47.91##93.9±16.19##
HTH3327.0±27.47##79.2±21.13##
ENA3360.9±35.13#82.4±16.36##
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各组大鼠血清BNP、ANP含量比较(±s)

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组别nBNPANP
CON3288.9±31.8368.5±11.99
MC3530.5±152.90**150.5±16.40**
HTL3346.7±5.43##108.3±24.01#
HTM3355.0±47.91##93.9±16.19##
HTH3327.0±27.47##79.2±21.13##
ENA3360.9±35.13#82.4±16.36##
), ArticleFig(id=1322925324182356677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322925282696495705, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别nLC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰp62/GAPDH
CON30.70±0.131.00±0.12
MC31.43±0.31**0.34±0.12**
HTL31.35±0.180.64±0.07#
HTM31.25±0.170.80±0.10##
HTH31.09±0.10#0.81±0.07##
ENA31.02±0.17##0.8±0.20##
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大鼠心肌组织LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ和p62的蛋白表达(±s)

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组别nLC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰp62/GAPDH
CON30.70±0.131.00±0.12
MC31.43±0.31**0.34±0.12**
HTL31.35±0.180.64±0.07#
HTM31.25±0.170.80±0.10##
HTH31.09±0.10#0.81±0.07##
ENA31.02±0.17##0.8±0.20##
), ArticleFig(id=1322925325037994695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322925282696495705, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别np-AMPK/AMPKp-mTOR/mTOR
CON30.68±0.071.10±0.10
MC31.07±0.15**0.66±0.10**
HTL31.07±0.190.79±0.12
HTM30.95±0.020.94±0.19#
HTH30.79±0.10#0.94±0.14#
ENA30.70±0.04##0.96±0.13##
), ArticleFig(id=1322925325470008008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322925282696495705, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

大鼠心肌组织p-AMPK/AMPK与p-mTOR/mTOR的蛋白表达(±s)

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组别np-AMPK/AMPKp-mTOR/mTOR
CON30.68±0.071.10±0.10
MC31.07±0.15**0.66±0.10**
HTL31.07±0.190.79±0.12
HTM30.95±0.020.94±0.19#
HTH30.79±0.10#0.94±0.14#
ENA30.70±0.04##0.96±0.13##
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黄芪-葶苈子药对通过调控AMPK/mTOR自噬通路改善心力衰竭大鼠心功能的作用机制
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王梦月 1, 2 , 于越 1 , 倪松林 1, 2 , 孙漠 1 , 王世军 1, 2 , 陈倩 1, 2
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(5): 159-163
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (5) : 159 -163
黄芪-葶苈子药对通过调控AMPK/mTOR自噬通路改善心力衰竭大鼠心功能的作用机制
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王梦月(1999-),女,河南平顶山人,硕士在读,研究方向:中医证候模型生物学机制及中药药性。

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王梦月(1999-),女,河南平顶山人,硕士在读,研究方向:中医证候模型生物学机制及中药药性。

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王梦月1, 2, 于越1, 倪松林1, 2, 孙漠1, 王世军1, 2 , 陈倩1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.山东中医药大学,山东 济南 250355
  • 2.山东省中医经典名方协同创新中心,山东 济南 250355
通讯作者:
陈倩(1984-),女,山东济南人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中药药性。E-mail:。
王世军(1963-),男,山东济南人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医证候模型生物学机制及中药药性。E-mail:。
作者简介:

王梦月(1999-),女,河南平顶山人,硕士在读,研究方向:中医证候模型生物学机制及中药药性。

Mechanism of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Tinglizi(Descurainiae Semen)in Improving Cardiac Function in Rats with Heart Failure through Regulating AMPK/mTOR Autophagy Pathway
Mengyue WANG1, 2, Yue YU1, Songlin NI1, 2, Mo SUN1, Shijun WANG1, 2 , Qian CHEN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250355,Shandong,China
  • 2.Shandong Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classics,Jinan 250355,Shandong,China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.029
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目的

探究黄芪-葶苈子药对通过调控腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)通路影响细胞自噬,改善心力衰竭(heart failure,HF)大鼠心功能的作用机制。

方法

选用SPF级雄性SD大鼠60只,随机选取8只为空白组(CON),其余大鼠在肩胛背部连续10 d皮下注射异丙肾上腺素溶液3 mg·kg-1建立心力衰竭大鼠模型。将40只建模成功大鼠随机分成模型组(MC)、黄芪-葶苈子低剂量组(HTL)、黄芪-葶苈子中剂量组(HTM)、黄芪-葶苈子高剂量组(HTH)、依那普利组(ENA),每组8只。药物治疗14 d后,B超检测左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)和左室短轴缩短率(left ventricular fractional shortening,LVFS),取大鼠心脏同时分离左心室并称重、取胫骨测量长度。通过酶联免疫吸附测定法测定大鼠血清中B型利钠肽(type B natriuretic peptide,BNP)和心房钠尿肽(atrial natriuretic peptide,ANP)含量。采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色和马松(Masson)染色观察心肌组织病理学变化,采用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测自噬相关蛋白螯合体1(sequestosome 1,SQSTM1/p62)、微管相关蛋白1轻链3(light chain 3 microtubule associated protein 1,LC3)和AMPK/mTOR通路蛋白活化状态。

结果

与空白组相比,模型组大鼠LVEF和LVFS显著降低(P<0.01),心脏指数、左心室质量指数、心胫比值明显上升(P<0.01、P<0.01、P<0.05),血清中BNP和ANP含量显著上升(P<0.01),心肌组织病理损伤及纤维化程度加重,p-AMPK/AMPK、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I表达升高(P<0.01),p-mTOR/mTOR、p62表达降低(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,HTH组与ENA组大鼠LVEF、LVFS显著上升(P<0.01),心脏指数、心胫比值显著降低(P<0.01、P<0.05),血清中ANP、BNP含量显著降低(P<0.01、P<0.05),心肌组织病理损伤及纤维化程度减轻,p-AMPK/AMPK、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I表达降低(P<0.01),p-mTOR/mTOR、p62表达升高(P<0.01、P<0.05)。

结论

黄芪-葶苈子药对通过调控AMPK/mTOR信号通路,抑制大鼠心衰时过度活化的自噬流,发挥改善心衰大鼠心功能的作用。

黄芪-葶苈子药对  /  心力衰竭  /  自噬  /  AMPK/mTOR通路
Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Tinglizi(Descurainiae Semen)improving cardiac function in rats with heart failure by modulating AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway and influencing autophagy.

Method

Sixty male SD rats of SPF grade were selected,with 8 randomly assigned to the control group(CON). The remaining rats received subcutaneous injections of isoproterenol solution at a dose of 3 mg·kg-1 on the back of their shoulders for 10 consecutive days to induce heart failure. Forty heart failure rats were randomly allocated into five groups:model control group(MC),Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Tinglizi(Descurainiae Semen)low-dose group(HTL),Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Tinglizi(Descurainiae Semen)medium-dose group(HTM),Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Tinglizi(Descurainiae Semen)high-dose group(HTH),enalapril group(ENA). Each group consisted of eight rats. Following a 14-day period of drug administration,B-ultrasound was used to measure the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and left ventricular short axis shortening rate(LVFS). The left ventricle was then isolated and weighed,and the length of the tibia was measured. The levels of type B natriuretic peptide(BNP)and atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)in serum of rats were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Histopathological changes in the myocardium were observed using Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Masson staining. Western blot analysis was employed to assess the activation status of autophagy-associated protein sequestosome 1(SQSTM1/p62),microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)and AMPK/mTORpathway proteins.

Result

The results of the study indicated that in MCgroup,there was a significant decrease in LVEF and LVFScompared to those in CON group(P<0.01). Additionally,the heart index,left ventricular mass index and heart to shin ratio were found to be significantly increased in MCgroup(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05). Furthermore,the serum levels of BNPand ANPwere significantly increased(P<0.01). MCgroup also exhibited aggravated myocardial tissue pathological injury and fibrosis as well as increased expressions of p-AMPK/AMPK and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I(P<0.01). Conversely,the expressions of p-mTOR/mTOR and p62 were decreased(P<0.01). In comparison to MC group,the HTH group and ENA group exhibited significant increases in LVEF and LVFS(P<0.01). Additionally,there were significant decreases in heart index and heart-tibial ratio(P<0.01,P<0.05)as well as significant decreases in serum levels of ANP and BNP(P<0.01,P<0.05). Moreover,the degree of myocardial tissue pathological injury and fibrosis was alleviated. The expressions of p-AMPK/AMPK and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I were decreased(P<0.01),while the expressions of p-mTOR/mTOR and p62 were increased(P<0.01,P<0.05).

Conclusion

By modulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway,Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Tinglizi(Descurainiae Semen)is able to attenuate the hyperactive autophagic flux in rats with heart failure and ameliorate their cardiac function.

Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Tinglizi(Descurainiae Semen)  /  heart failure  /  autophagy  /  AMPK/mTOR pathway
王梦月, 于越, 倪松林, 孙漠, 王世军, 陈倩. 黄芪-葶苈子药对通过调控AMPK/mTOR自噬通路改善心力衰竭大鼠心功能的作用机制. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (5) : 159 -163 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.029
Mengyue WANG, Yue YU, Songlin NI, Mo SUN, Shijun WANG, Qian CHEN. Mechanism of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)-Tinglizi(Descurainiae Semen)in Improving Cardiac Function in Rats with Heart Failure through Regulating AMPK/mTOR Autophagy Pathway[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (5) : 159 -163 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.029
心力衰竭(heart failure,HF)作为各种心血管疾病发展的终末阶段,成为全球重要的公共卫生问题。当前全球心力衰竭患者超过6400万[1],我国心力衰竭患者高达890万[2]。临床常用的抗心衰药物主要以利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、β受体阻滞剂、正性肌力药和扩血管药物为主,但长期服用易导致电解质紊乱、心动过缓甚至心衰症状加重等不良反应[3]。因此,寻找安全高效的改善心衰药物仍是心血管疾病研究领域迫切需要解决的问题。
心气虚水饮内停是心衰的常见证候[4],治当益气利水[5]。中药复方可多途径改善心力衰竭,呈现出良好的应用前景[6]。药对是方剂的最小特色单位,以药对切入的抗心衰方剂组方规律、作用机制研究以及应用内涵阐释,是安全高效抗心衰药物研发的新思路。文献分析显示,黄芪-葶苈子为临床常用益气利水药对[7],且为治疗心力衰竭使用频率最高的药对[8],显示其在心衰治疗中具有重要价值,但其具体作用机制仍需探究。
自噬是细胞内溶酶体介导的参与蛋白和细胞器降解的高度保守机制,一定程度的自噬在维持心血管系统稳态中发挥重要作用[9]。哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)激酶是氨基酸、ATP和激素的感受器,作为自噬的负调控分子,通过抑制自噬对维持细胞稳态发挥重要作用[10]。mTOR主要受上游信号腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenosine monophosphate dependent protein kinase,AMPK)的调控。AMPK在缺血缺氧时是增强细胞自噬的重要因子[11]。心肌供血不足时,心肌细胞无氧酵解增加,细胞内的ATP产量不足,AMP/ATP比值增加,从而活化细胞自噬增强因子AMPK。激活AMPK后,其氨基酸链第172位点上的苏氨酸磷酸化,通过抑制mTOR氨基酸链上第2481位上的丝氨酸磷酸化,从而抑制了mTOR的活性,加剧心肌细胞的自噬作用[12]。AMPK/mTOR作为经典的自噬通路[13],参与多种心血管疾病的发生发展。
本研究构建心力衰竭大鼠模型,探讨黄芪-葶苈子药对是否可通过调控AMPK/mTOR通路相关蛋白表达,影响心衰大鼠心肌细胞自噬,从而改善模型大鼠心功能,以期为研发安全高效抗心衰药物提供新思路。
SD雄性大鼠60只(SPF级,8周龄),体质量180~220 g,购于北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司,合格证号SCXK(京)2019-0008。大鼠均饲养于山东中医药大学动物实验中心:温度(23±2)℃,湿度60% ±10%,12 h/12 h光/暗周期,定时更换饮水和垫料,自由饮食。伦理审查批准编号SDUTCM20230621001。
黄芪(批号:20201101),葶苈子(批号:20200501)均从山东建联盛嘉中药有限公司购买。异丙肾上腺素盐酸盐(sigma,货号I5627)。马来酸依那普利片(扬子江药业,货号210251)。大鼠脑钠肽和心钠肽酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒(武汉Elabscience有限公司,E-EL-R0017c、E-EL-R0126c);p62抗体、LC3抗体、AMPK 抗体(Abcam,货号分别为ab192890、ab109012、ab207442-1003),p-mTOR抗体、mTOR抗体(Proteintech,货号分别为67778-1IG、66888-1IG),p-AMPK抗体(Cell Signaling Technology,货号2535),GAPDH抗体、β-actin抗体(ABclonal,货号AC001、AC026)
便携式小动物彩色多普勒超声成像系统(飞依诺科技有限公司,型号:VINNO6LAB、探头型号:X6-16L)、酶标仪(伯腾仪器有限公司,型号VT05404-0998),电泳仪(美国Bio-Rad公司,型号041BR157122)、显微镜(基恩士KEYENCE BZ-X),蛋白分析表达系统(美国Bio-Rad公司,型号731BR03474)。
盐酸异丙肾上腺素注射液的制备:大鼠称重并记录体质量,按照3 mg·kg-1[14-16]计算异丙肾上腺素盐酸盐使用量,用电子分析天平称取后溶于0.9%的生理盐水中,配成药物浓度为3 mg·mL-1的注射液备用。
水煎液的制备[17]:黄芪、葶苈子选用药典中道地药材,一煎使用药物质量8倍水,二煎使用药物质量6倍水,滤出混匀,浓缩至生药浓度为0.36 g·mL-1,高和低两个剂量组使用同样方法浓缩至0.72、0.18 g·mL-1,4℃冷藏备用。
依那普利片混悬液制备:用0.9%的生理盐水充分溶解药片,制成浓度为0.15 mg·mL-1(相当于临床等效剂量)的药液备用。
SD大鼠适应性喂养1周后,随机选取8只为空白组(CON),其余大鼠构建心力衰竭大鼠模型,在模型组大鼠肩胛背部注射3 mg·mL-1 ISO溶液,空白组同等方法注射生理盐水,连续注射10 d。在第11天进行超声心动图检测,选取左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)小于60%和左室短轴缩短率(left ventricular fractional shortening rate,LVFS)小于35%[18-21]的大鼠为造模成功的心力衰竭模型大鼠。
将造模成功的40只心力衰竭模型大鼠随机分成5组,分别是模型组(MC)、黄芪-葶苈子低剂量组(HTL)、黄芪-葶苈子中剂量组(HTM)、黄芪-葶苈子高剂量组(HTH)和依那普利组(ENA)。按照1 mL/100 g计算灌胃药液体积,空白组与模型组使用同等体积生理盐水灌胃,连续给药14 d。
大鼠持续吸入3%异氟烷进行麻醉,取仰卧位固定于鼠板上,胸部备皮。皮肤表面涂适量耦合剂,使用B超探头进行心脏超声检查。待取得清晰的胸骨旁长轴切面图像后,将M型超声测量线垂直于左心室后壁,取左室长轴最长的位置,获得M型超声图像。使用B超测距计算工具得心脏LVEF和LVFS。每项测量平均连续3次心动周期,所有大鼠由同一位专业超声人员检测。
大鼠禁食禁水12 h,持续吸入3%异氟烷进行麻醉,腹主动脉取血,3000 r/min 4℃离心15 min,于超净台内分离上清,分装、标记,置于-80℃冰箱保存备用。取血后,75%乙醇消毒胸部,迅速打开大鼠胸腔,摘取心脏,保留心耳,生理盐水冲洗剩余血液,无尘纸轻擦后称重,然后根据后续实验需求分别处理。
取材前称取大鼠体质量并记录,摘取大鼠心脏后称重记录,沿心脏冠状沟剪下左心房,沿室间沟将右心室游离除去,称量左心室重量,分别计算心脏指数(心脏质量/体质量)、左心室质量指数(左心室质量/体质量)。取出大鼠胫骨并测量记录,计算心胫比值(心脏质量/胫骨长度)。收集测量结果,录入并统计分析。
检测大鼠血清中的心功能相关指标BNP和ANP的含量,按照ELISA说明书,加入样本和相应试剂,操作结束后使用酶标仪检测各孔的吸光值,波长设置为450 nm,通过标准曲线得到相应浓度。
将大鼠心脏浸于4%多聚甲醛固定24 h后,石蜡包埋,常规组织切片,心肌组织进行苏木素-伊红染色(HE)和马松(Masson)染色,进行病理学观察。
称量50 mg大鼠左心室组织,按照蛋白提取试剂盒的步骤提取蛋白后,使用BCA法检测蛋白浓度。每个泳道蛋白上样质量为20μg,分别使用浓度为6%、10%和12%的胶并通过SDS-PAGE电泳分离后,将蛋白转移至PVDF膜,使用浓度为5%的脱脂奶粉,在室温封闭2 h,封闭结束后使用TBST缓冲液洗膜3次,洗膜结束后加入β-actin(1∶10 000),LC3(1∶1000),GAPDH(1∶5000),p62(1∶1000),AMPK(1∶1000)、p-AMPK(1∶1000)、mTOR(1∶1000)和p-mTOR(1∶1000)的一抗反应液,在4℃条件下孵育过夜,加入二抗(1∶5000)室温孵育1 h,TBST缓冲液洗膜3次,使用ECL法显色,以β-actin或GAPDH作为内参,使用Image-J分析软件测定各电泳条带的灰度值。
采用GraphPad Prism软件进行统计学分析。数据表示为表示。两组比较和单因素方差分析(ANOVA)采用非配对t检验,P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。
与空白组比较,模型组LVEF和LVFS显著降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,黄芪-葶苈子组及依那普利组大鼠LVEF和LVFS显著上升(P<0.01),见插页ⅩⅩⅩ图1和表1。
与正常组相比,模型组心脏指数、左心室质量指数、心胫比值明显上升(P<0.01、P<0.01、P<0.05);与模型组相比,黄芪-葶苈子高剂量组及依那普利组大鼠心脏指数、心胫比值显著降低(P<0.01、P<0.05),见表2。
与空白组比较,模型组大鼠血清BNP、ANP含量显著上升(P<0.01);与模型组比较,黄芪-葶苈子高剂量组及依那普利组大鼠血清BNP、ANP含量显著降低(P<0.05、P<0.01),见表3。
药物治疗后,取大鼠左心室进行病理观察。HE染色结果提示,空白组心肌细胞形态正常,结构清晰,排列整齐。与空白组相比,模型组心肌细胞肥大、排列紊乱,出现大量炎性细胞浸润与纤维瘢痕。与模型组相比,黄芪-葶苈子高剂量组大鼠心肌排列相对整齐,炎性细胞浸润浸润减少,纤维瘢痕较少,见插页ⅩⅩⅪ图2。
Masson染色提示,空白组心肌组织未见明显胶原纤维沉积;与空白组相比,模型组大鼠心肌细胞排列紊乱,且心肌细胞间沉积的胶原纤维明显增多;与模型组相比,黄芪-葶苈子高剂量组与依那普利组的大鼠心脏纤维化有所改善,细胞排列较为有序,且细胞分布较为均匀,见插页ⅩⅩⅫ图3。
WB结果表明,与空白组相比,模型组大鼠心肌中LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.01),p62表达降低(P<0.01),表明ISO造模后自噬被显著激活。给予黄芪-葶苈子水煎液干预后,与模型组相比,黄芪-葶苈子高剂量组LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I表达降低(P<0.01),p62表达升高(P<0.05)。以上表明黄芪-葶苈子药对可以有效抑制心力衰竭心肌自噬的发生,见表4、图4。
WB结果表明,与空白组相比,模型组大鼠心肌中p-AMPK/AMPK表达升高(P<0.01)p-mTOR/mTOR表达降低(P<0.01)。表明ISO造模后自噬通路AMPK/mTOR被激活。黄芪-葶苈子水煎液给药后,与模型组相比,黄芪-葶苈子高剂量组p-AMPK/AMPK表达降低(P<0.01),p-mTOR/mTOR表达升高(P<0.01)。以上表明黄芪-葶苈子药对可以有效抑制自噬通路AMPK/mTOR的活化,见表5、图5。
中医对“心衰”的描述最早见于西晋《脉经》,据其临证表现可归于“心悸”“水肿”“喘证”“心水”等范畴。本病以气虚为本,水饮停聚为标,多为心病日久,导致心气不足,一则心失所养,心神失摄,可见心悸;再则心气不足,使气化失利,水饮内停,乘心气之虚,凌心射肺,故而心衰发作。治宜益气利水,补气与利水药物配伍是临证心衰治疗方剂常见组合。黄芪功可补中益气、利尿消肿,其有效成分黄芪皂苷可改善心脏泵血、干预心室重塑、调控神经内分泌,为临床常用抗心衰药[22];葶苈子可消痰平喘、利肺消肿,活性成分葶苈苷具有类似强心苷的作用,可通过加强心肌收缩力、抑制神经内分泌系统的过度激活等作用缓解心衰[23]。以黄芪、葶苈子为主要组成药物的中药制剂,如芪苈强心胶囊对慢性心衰有良好疗效,具有增强心肌收缩力,抑制神经内分泌系统过度激活,抑制炎性反应等作用[24-25]。但是黄芪-葶苈子药对对HF大鼠的治疗作用机制尚不清楚。本研究通过对HF大鼠分别给予黄芪-葶苈子水煎液低、中、高剂量灌胃处理14 d,结果显示黄芪-葶苈子高剂量组能够改善心功能,主要表现为LVEF、LVFS指标显著增加。心脏指数、心胫比值显著降低,血清中心功能标志物ANP、BNP水平显著降低,心肌组织病理损伤及纤维化程度减轻。
诸多研究显示,自噬的过度激活是导致心力衰竭的一个重要原因[26]。自噬具有双向调节作用。自噬在心肌细胞损伤早期可以清理细胞内损伤的细胞器,维持心肌功能和心室质量;随着心肌细胞损伤加重,过度活化的自噬会损坏细胞,心力衰竭程度恶化[27]。研究发现从心室肥厚到心力衰竭的发展过程中,肥厚型心肌病患者心肌中出现过度自噬现象[28],心肌细胞的死亡直接与自噬关联[29]。本实验研究显示,模型组大鼠心肌自噬相关蛋白LC3Ⅱ/LC3-I表达增加,p62表达降低,说明心衰过程中自噬被过度激活。与模型组相比,黄芪-葶苈子水煎液治疗后能够下调LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I表达,上调p62表达,说明黄芪-葶苈子药对能够通过抑制自噬,改善HF大鼠心功能。AMPK/mTOR信号通路是自噬经典通路,AMPK磷酸位点被活化后,通过抑制自噬负调控分子mTOR磷酸化,抑制mTOR的活性,增强心肌细胞的自噬作用[12]。研究发现,附萸汤与养心康片能够通过抑制AMPK/mTOR介导的自噬保护大鼠心肌梗死后心功能不全及心室重构[30-31]。本研究结果显示,与空白组相比,模型组大鼠心肌组织p-AMPK表达升高,p-mTOR表达降低,AMPK/mTOR通路显著激活。给予黄芪-葶苈子药对治疗后,与模型组大鼠相比,p-AMPK表达降低,p-mTOR表达升高,能够明显抑制AMPK/mTOR信号通路活化,有效降低心肌细胞自噬水平,有利于维持细胞内环境稳态。
综上所述,黄芪-葶苈子药对具有改善HF大鼠心功能的作用,其机制可能与抑制AMPK/mTOR信号通路介导的心肌细胞过度自噬有关。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82104554)
  • 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021MH313)
  • 山东省省级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310D441008)
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2025年第43卷第5期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.05.029
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82104554)
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021MH313)
山东省省级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310D441008)
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    1.山东中医药大学,山东 济南 250355
    2.山东省中医经典名方协同创新中心,山东 济南 250355

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陈倩(1984-),女,山东济南人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中药药性。E-mail:。
王世军(1963-),男,山东济南人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医证候模型生物学机制及中药药性。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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