Article(id=1322923406383001943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.026, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339118810, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339118810, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339118810, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339118810, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322923268038078806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1744214400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339085826, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340586453, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929562572686061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929562572686062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=162, endPage=167, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322923406886318424, articleId=1322923406383001943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Research Progress on Regulation of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes by Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers for Anti-Tumor Effects, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)therapy has become one of the most promising immunotherapies at present,and its advantages of good effect and low toxicity and side effects have made it more and more popular in clinical treatment. TILs are a kind of immune cells present in tumor tissues,which play the role of inhibiting tumor growth and specifically killing tumor cells by directly or indirectly participating in immune response. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has a profound influence in the field of tumor therapy,and a large number of studies have shown that TCM monomers,such as mulberry huang polysaccharides,triptolide,artemisinin,glycyrrhizic acid and so on,directly or indirectly enhance the killing ability of immune cells against tumor cells by promoting the function of T cells,natural killer(NK)cells,or inhibiting the function of tumor-associated macrophage(TAMs),dendritic cells(DCs),myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)and regulatory T cells(Tregs),which in turn exerts an anti-tumor effect. In this paper,it screened and summarized the research results on the anti-tumor effects of TCM monomers regulating TILs in recent years,and took TILs as the starting point to introduce in detail the mechanism of action of TCM monomers regulating TILs,with a view to promoting the research and development of new drugs for TCM monomers regulating TILs in anti-tumor,exploring the new ideas and methods of TCM in the field of tumor treatment and assisting the TCM to go towards the road of modernization successfully in the treatment of tumors.

, authors=Mingyang HE, Chengzhi WANG, Shan ZHANG, Dongdong LI, Peimin LIU, authorsList=Mingyang HE, Chengzhi WANG, Shan ZHANG, Dongdong LI, Peimin LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dongdong LI, Peimin LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322923410224984415, articleId=1322923406383001943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=中药单体调控肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞抗肿瘤的研究进展, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(tumor infiltrating lymphocytes,TILs)免疫疗法已成为目前最具有潜力的免疫疗法之一,其效果好、不良反应小的优点,使其在临床治疗上越来越受欢迎。TILs是一种存在于肿瘤组织中的免疫细胞,通过直接或间接参与免疫反应,起到抑制肿瘤生长并特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用。中医药在肿瘤治疗领域影响深远,大量研究表明,中药单体如桑黄多糖、雷公藤甲素、青蒿素、甘草酸等,通过促进T细胞、自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell,NK)或抑制肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophage,TAMs)、树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)、髓源抑制性细胞(myeloidderived suppressor cells,MDSCs)、调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Tregs)的功能,直接或间接增强免疫细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤能力,进而起到抗肿瘤作用。筛选总结近年来中药单体调控TILs抗肿瘤的研究成果,以TILs为着手点,详细介绍了中药单体调控TILs抗肿瘤的作用机制,以期促进中药单体调控TILs抗肿瘤的新药研发,开拓中医药在肿瘤治疗领域的新思路与新方法,助力中医药在肿瘤治疗中成功走向现代化之路。

, authors=赫名扬, 王成志, 张山, 李东东, 刘培民, authorsList=赫名扬, 王成志, 张山, 李东东, 刘培民, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李东东, 刘培民, authorNote=

赫名扬(1999-),男,河南开封人,硕士在读,研究方向:中医药防止恶性肿瘤。

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘培民(1973-),男,山东枣庄人,教授,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的基础及临床。E-mail:。
李东东(1989-),男,河南开封人,主治医师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的基础及临床。E-mail:。
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赫名扬(1999-),男,河南开封人,硕士在读,研究方向:中医药防止恶性肿瘤。

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赫名扬(1999-),男,河南开封人,硕士在读,研究方向:中医药防止恶性肿瘤。

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肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞中药单体来源调节免疫方式参考文献
T细胞芡茎多糖芡茎上调淋巴细胞亚群浸润能力,诱导Caspase-3凋亡通路[14]
黄芪多糖黄芪联合5-FU降低CD4+T淋巴细胞的浸润能力,提高CD8+T淋巴细胞的浸润能力[15]
灵芝多糖灵芝增强CD3+、CD8+T细胞的肿瘤浸润能力,提高T淋巴细胞肿瘤浸润[16]
香菇多糖香菇联合腺病毒载体增加肿瘤组织浸润CD8+T细胞数量,促进IFN-β和IFN-γ的分泌[17]
红景天乙醇提取物红景天增加肿瘤浸润的CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞数量[18]
小檗碱黄连增强肿瘤浸润性T细胞免疫、减弱MDSC和Tregs的活化,降低肿瘤细胞中PD-L1的水平[19]
川楝素川楝子增强T细胞浸润[20]
淫羊藿苷淫羊藿上调的IFN-γ和TNF-α的细胞毒性CD8+T细胞浸润的表达[21]
通关藤提取物通关藤增加CD3+/CD8+肿瘤浸润性T细胞密度[22]
虫草素虫草抑制TSP1与CD47的结合,减少T细胞凋亡,促进生成大量T细胞向肿瘤浸润[23]
黄芩苷黄芩提高CD4+T和CD8+T细胞向肿瘤的浸润[24]
穿心莲内酯穿心莲提高CD8+T细胞浸润能力[25]
淫羊藿苷淫羊藿增加CD8+T细胞浸润能力[26]
白芍总苷白芍增加肿瘤浸润性CD4+和CD8+T细胞中T记忆干细胞和中枢记忆细胞数量[27]
姜黄素姜黄上调CD4+和CD8+T细胞浸润的表达[29]
隐丹参酮丹参促进TAMs和DC的活化,上调CD8+T细胞浸润能力[30]
青蒿素青蒿促进抗肿瘤T细胞的浸润和增殖[31]
龙葵多糖龙葵上调TNF-α、IFN-γ和IL-4的表达,下调IL-6的表达,增多浸润性T细胞数量[32]
自然杀伤细胞桑黄多糖桑黄增加NK细胞浸润能力[33]
黄芪甲苷Ⅲ黄芪提高NK细胞NKG2D、FAS和IFN-γ的表达,增加NK细胞向肿瘤的浸润[36]
蝎毒全蝎上调肿瘤浸润性NK细胞、NKG2D蛋白、穿孔素和颗粒酶B mRNA的表达[37]
人参总皂苷人参提高NK细胞在肿瘤组织浸润能力,上调穿孔素、颗粒酶B的mRNA表达,增加NK细胞数量[38]
肿瘤相关巨噬细胞丹参总酚酸丹参联合抗-PD-L1抑制髓源性巨噬细胞向肿瘤浸润[41]
雷公藤甲素雷公藤调整肿瘤衍生的CXCL12表达来重塑免疫微环境,减少TAMs的浸润[42]
丹参水提取物丹参抑制COX2的表达,下调肿瘤中PGE2的分泌,减弱TAMs的肿瘤内浸润[43]
白芍总苷白芍降低炎症因子水平,抑制TAM的浸润[27]
YTE-17云南藤黄抑制TAMs的肿瘤内浸润[44]
和厚朴酚厚朴调控CCL2/CCR2通路减少TAMs的肿瘤内浸润[45]
蛇床子素蛇床子抑制M2巨噬细胞极化过程中MRC1、CCL22和TGF-β的表达[46]
髓源抑制性细胞淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ淫羊藿抗PD-1减少MDSCs向肿瘤的浸润,促进ROS介导的SRC/ERK/STAT3信号通路失活[48]
淫羊藿苷淫羊藿降低MDSCs浸润频率[26]
调节性T细胞甘草酸甘草下调FOXP3、GITR和CTLA4的表达,减弱免疫抑制能力[49]
红景天苷红景天下调FOXP3的表达和FOXP3+Treg的比值,上调CD4+T效应细胞的表达[50]
灯盏乙素灯盏花抑制肿瘤坏死因子受体2的表达,减少浸润性Tregs的数量,上调CD8+T细胞的表达[51]
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中药单体调控肿瘤浸润淋巴具体作用机制总结

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞中药单体来源调节免疫方式参考文献
T细胞芡茎多糖芡茎上调淋巴细胞亚群浸润能力,诱导Caspase-3凋亡通路[14]
黄芪多糖黄芪联合5-FU降低CD4+T淋巴细胞的浸润能力,提高CD8+T淋巴细胞的浸润能力[15]
灵芝多糖灵芝增强CD3+、CD8+T细胞的肿瘤浸润能力,提高T淋巴细胞肿瘤浸润[16]
香菇多糖香菇联合腺病毒载体增加肿瘤组织浸润CD8+T细胞数量,促进IFN-β和IFN-γ的分泌[17]
红景天乙醇提取物红景天增加肿瘤浸润的CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞数量[18]
小檗碱黄连增强肿瘤浸润性T细胞免疫、减弱MDSC和Tregs的活化,降低肿瘤细胞中PD-L1的水平[19]
川楝素川楝子增强T细胞浸润[20]
淫羊藿苷淫羊藿上调的IFN-γ和TNF-α的细胞毒性CD8+T细胞浸润的表达[21]
通关藤提取物通关藤增加CD3+/CD8+肿瘤浸润性T细胞密度[22]
虫草素虫草抑制TSP1与CD47的结合,减少T细胞凋亡,促进生成大量T细胞向肿瘤浸润[23]
黄芩苷黄芩提高CD4+T和CD8+T细胞向肿瘤的浸润[24]
穿心莲内酯穿心莲提高CD8+T细胞浸润能力[25]
淫羊藿苷淫羊藿增加CD8+T细胞浸润能力[26]
白芍总苷白芍增加肿瘤浸润性CD4+和CD8+T细胞中T记忆干细胞和中枢记忆细胞数量[27]
姜黄素姜黄上调CD4+和CD8+T细胞浸润的表达[29]
隐丹参酮丹参促进TAMs和DC的活化,上调CD8+T细胞浸润能力[30]
青蒿素青蒿促进抗肿瘤T细胞的浸润和增殖[31]
龙葵多糖龙葵上调TNF-α、IFN-γ和IL-4的表达,下调IL-6的表达,增多浸润性T细胞数量[32]
自然杀伤细胞桑黄多糖桑黄增加NK细胞浸润能力[33]
黄芪甲苷Ⅲ黄芪提高NK细胞NKG2D、FAS和IFN-γ的表达,增加NK细胞向肿瘤的浸润[36]
蝎毒全蝎上调肿瘤浸润性NK细胞、NKG2D蛋白、穿孔素和颗粒酶B mRNA的表达[37]
人参总皂苷人参提高NK细胞在肿瘤组织浸润能力,上调穿孔素、颗粒酶B的mRNA表达,增加NK细胞数量[38]
肿瘤相关巨噬细胞丹参总酚酸丹参联合抗-PD-L1抑制髓源性巨噬细胞向肿瘤浸润[41]
雷公藤甲素雷公藤调整肿瘤衍生的CXCL12表达来重塑免疫微环境,减少TAMs的浸润[42]
丹参水提取物丹参抑制COX2的表达,下调肿瘤中PGE2的分泌,减弱TAMs的肿瘤内浸润[43]
白芍总苷白芍降低炎症因子水平,抑制TAM的浸润[27]
YTE-17云南藤黄抑制TAMs的肿瘤内浸润[44]
和厚朴酚厚朴调控CCL2/CCR2通路减少TAMs的肿瘤内浸润[45]
蛇床子素蛇床子抑制M2巨噬细胞极化过程中MRC1、CCL22和TGF-β的表达[46]
髓源抑制性细胞淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ淫羊藿抗PD-1减少MDSCs向肿瘤的浸润,促进ROS介导的SRC/ERK/STAT3信号通路失活[48]
淫羊藿苷淫羊藿降低MDSCs浸润频率[26]
调节性T细胞甘草酸甘草下调FOXP3、GITR和CTLA4的表达,减弱免疫抑制能力[49]
红景天苷红景天下调FOXP3的表达和FOXP3+Treg的比值,上调CD4+T效应细胞的表达[50]
灯盏乙素灯盏花抑制肿瘤坏死因子受体2的表达,减少浸润性Tregs的数量,上调CD8+T细胞的表达[51]
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中药单体调控肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞抗肿瘤的研究进展
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赫名扬 , 王成志 , 张山 , 李东东 , 刘培民
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(4): 162-167
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (4) : 162 -167
中药单体调控肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞抗肿瘤的研究进展
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赫名扬, 王成志, 张山, 李东东 , 刘培民
作者信息
  • 河南中医药大学第二附属医院,河南 郑州 450002
通讯作者:
刘培民(1973-),男,山东枣庄人,教授,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的基础及临床。E-mail:。
李东东(1989-),男,河南开封人,主治医师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的基础及临床。E-mail:。
作者简介:

赫名扬(1999-),男,河南开封人,硕士在读,研究方向:中医药防止恶性肿瘤。

Research Progress on Regulation of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes by Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers for Anti-Tumor Effects
Mingyang HE, Chengzhi WANG, Shan ZHANG, Dongdong LI , Peimin LIU
Affiliations
  • The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.026
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肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(tumor infiltrating lymphocytes,TILs)免疫疗法已成为目前最具有潜力的免疫疗法之一,其效果好、不良反应小的优点,使其在临床治疗上越来越受欢迎。TILs是一种存在于肿瘤组织中的免疫细胞,通过直接或间接参与免疫反应,起到抑制肿瘤生长并特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用。中医药在肿瘤治疗领域影响深远,大量研究表明,中药单体如桑黄多糖、雷公藤甲素、青蒿素、甘草酸等,通过促进T细胞、自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell,NK)或抑制肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophage,TAMs)、树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)、髓源抑制性细胞(myeloidderived suppressor cells,MDSCs)、调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Tregs)的功能,直接或间接增强免疫细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤能力,进而起到抗肿瘤作用。筛选总结近年来中药单体调控TILs抗肿瘤的研究成果,以TILs为着手点,详细介绍了中药单体调控TILs抗肿瘤的作用机制,以期促进中药单体调控TILs抗肿瘤的新药研发,开拓中医药在肿瘤治疗领域的新思路与新方法,助力中医药在肿瘤治疗中成功走向现代化之路。

肿瘤浸润细胞  /  中药单体  /  抗肿瘤  /  研究进展

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)therapy has become one of the most promising immunotherapies at present,and its advantages of good effect and low toxicity and side effects have made it more and more popular in clinical treatment. TILs are a kind of immune cells present in tumor tissues,which play the role of inhibiting tumor growth and specifically killing tumor cells by directly or indirectly participating in immune response. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has a profound influence in the field of tumor therapy,and a large number of studies have shown that TCM monomers,such as mulberry huang polysaccharides,triptolide,artemisinin,glycyrrhizic acid and so on,directly or indirectly enhance the killing ability of immune cells against tumor cells by promoting the function of T cells,natural killer(NK)cells,or inhibiting the function of tumor-associated macrophage(TAMs),dendritic cells(DCs),myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)and regulatory T cells(Tregs),which in turn exerts an anti-tumor effect. In this paper,it screened and summarized the research results on the anti-tumor effects of TCM monomers regulating TILs in recent years,and took TILs as the starting point to introduce in detail the mechanism of action of TCM monomers regulating TILs,with a view to promoting the research and development of new drugs for TCM monomers regulating TILs in anti-tumor,exploring the new ideas and methods of TCM in the field of tumor treatment and assisting the TCM to go towards the road of modernization successfully in the treatment of tumors.

tumor infiltrating lymphocytes  /  TCM monomers  /  anti-tumor  /  research progress
赫名扬, 王成志, 张山, 李东东, 刘培民. 中药单体调控肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞抗肿瘤的研究进展. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (4) : 162 -167 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.026
Mingyang HE, Chengzhi WANG, Shan ZHANG, Dongdong LI, Peimin LIU. Research Progress on Regulation of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes by Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers for Anti-Tumor Effects[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (4) : 162 -167 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.026
据GLOBOCAN统计,在2020年全世界预估总计发生1930万起新的癌症病例,同时近1000万人死于癌症[1]。癌症已经成为世界第2大致死疾病,也是阻碍预期寿命提高的主要原因。近年来,在传统疗法无法满足临床需求的背景下,免疫疗法因其对肿瘤的优良疗效备受关注,免疫疗法已成为治疗肿瘤的有力的临床策略[2]。肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(tumor infiltrating lymphocytes,TILs)免疫疗法是一种采用过继性细胞疗法(adoptive cell therapy,ACT)的免疫疗法,其通过从患者的肿瘤中提取肿瘤靶向抗原TILs,通过体外处理后进行回输,以消除患者肿瘤细胞。中药单体是中药实际发挥疗效的有效成分,随着对中药研究的不断进展,越来越多的中药单体被发现可以调控TILs起到抗肿瘤的作用。本文筛选总结近年来中药单体调控TILs抗肿瘤的研究成果,以TILs为着手点,详细介绍了中药单体调控TILs抗肿瘤的作用机制,以期为TILs疗法的临床研究应用提供新的思路。
TILs是一种存在于肿瘤组织中的免疫细胞,主要包括T细胞、B细胞、抑制肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophage,TAMs)、髓源抑制性细胞(myeloid-derived suppressor cells,MDSCs)、自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell,NK)、调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Tregs)、树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC),其通过直接或间接参与免疫反应,起到抑制肿瘤生长并特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用[3]。其中,因CD8+细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)具有肿瘤抗原特异性T淋巴细胞受体(TCR)的特点,使其在抗肿瘤过程中成为最重要的效应淋巴细胞[4]。有研究表明,CD8+ T细胞在TILs中数量巨大,是其主要部分[5]。TILs可释放相关细胞因子,如白介素(interleukin,IL)-2、IL-12、干扰素γ(interferon gamma,IFNγ)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α),促进其增殖和肿瘤杀伤作用[6]。
TILs疗法是一种经过体外分离、筛选和扩增后,将回输入患者体内,从而对肿瘤起到特异性杀伤作用的免疫疗法。TILs疗法因其未经基因修饰且源自患者体内的特点,造就了其不良反应相对较少的优点。ROSENBERG S A等[7-8]发现,IL-2通过刺激T细胞增强其抗肿瘤能力,IL-2联合TILs对肿瘤的治愈效果显著提升。在免疫疗法中,TILs的存在具有关键作用,不论是提取培养后回输给患者的TILs治疗,还是通过免疫检查点抑制剂如程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)、程序性细胞死亡配体1(programmed death ligand 1,PD-L1)等抗体消减T细胞抑制的治疗[9],均受到TILs的数量和功能影响,故TILs疗法在肿瘤的免疫治疗中至关重要。
TILs可根据功能不同,分为抑制肿瘤的生长和促进肿瘤生长两个亚群,前者可以识别并杀伤肿瘤细胞,发挥抗肿瘤作用,而后者则促进肿瘤的免疫逃逸。二者功能相反,相互作用,调节机体免疫能力,维持机体内平衡[10]。其中,T细胞、NK细胞等是抗肿瘤型TILs;TAMs、DC、MDSCs、Tregs等是促肿瘤型TILs。T细胞是淋巴细胞的主要组分,通过直接杀伤靶细胞和释放淋巴因子的方式起到抗肿瘤免疫作用;NK细胞是机体内免疫反应的核心细胞,对肿瘤细胞具有识别和杀伤能力;TAMs是浸润或邻近肿瘤组织区域内的一种巨噬细胞,对肿瘤发展具有促进作用;DC是人体内非常重要的抗原提呈细胞,可摄取、加工并递呈抗原;MDSCs是来源于骨髓的一种抑制性细胞,具有促进肿瘤发展、抑制免疫应答的能力;Tregs与机体内自身免疫反应有关,具有维持体内免疫系统的平衡,调节机体免疫能力的功能。以下按TILs功能分型综述近年来中药单体在肿瘤研究中的免疫调控作用(见插页Ⅶ图1)。
T细胞是TILs的代表,可释放IL-2、TNF等多种淋巴因子,受抗原刺激可激活其分化增殖能力,产生效应细胞,行使免疫能力。T细胞可分为两个功能上不同的亚群:CD4+ T辅助细胞和CD8+细胞毒性T淋巴细胞。CD4+ T细胞可分为几个亚群,包括1型辅助性T细胞(T helper 1 cell,Th1)、Th2、Th9、Tregs和滤泡辅助性T细胞(follicular helper T cell,THF)等[11]。CD4+ T细胞可通过调节其他免疫细胞(巨噬细胞、嗜中性粒细胞,B细胞和CTL)的活性间接参与对病原体的免疫清除反应。CD8+ T细胞通过释放穿孔素(perforin,PF)、促炎细胞因子等,靶向作用于病原体细胞,增强颗粒酶B(granzymes B,gzms-B)诱导病原体细胞凋亡[12-13]的能力。CD4+ T细胞是Tregs的标志,而CD8+ T细胞对肿瘤细胞具有显著杀伤作用,因此,调节二者之间的关系,对抑制肿瘤的发展至关重要。
芡茎多糖是中药芡实的主要提取物。闵翼等[14]研究发现芡茎多糖通过上调淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+ CD4+ T细胞、CD3+ CD8+ T细胞)的浸润能力,诱导胱天蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3,CASP3)凋亡通路开启,进而促使肺癌细胞凋亡。黄芪多糖是黄芪的活性成分之一。王雅楠等[15]发现,黄芪多糖联合5-FU可显著降低CD4+ T淋巴细胞的浸润能力,并升高CD8+ T淋巴细胞的浸润能力,以提高机体的抗肿瘤免疫应答。灵芝多糖是灵芝的主要有效活性成分。许晓燕等[16]发现灵芝多糖能够调控核因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)通路上调细胞间黏附分子-1(intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1)的表达,增加CD3+、CD8+ T细胞的肿瘤浸润能力,进而提高T淋巴细胞肿瘤浸润,以发挥对肿瘤生长的抑制作用。香菇多糖是从香菇中提取的有效活性成分。苏畅等[17]发现,香菇多糖联合腺病毒载体可增加肿瘤组织浸润CD8+ T细胞数量,促进IFN-β和IFN-γ的分泌,进而抑制乳腺癌肿瘤的生长。红景天提取物是红景天根部的提取物,具有增强免疫力等作用。ZHANG Y L等[18]研究发现,红景天乙醇提取物可显著提高的Lewis荷瘤小鼠的生存率,抑制肿瘤生长,肿瘤浸润的CD4+ T细胞和CD8+ T细胞数量增加,以增强抗肿瘤免疫效果。小檗碱,又称黄连素,是从黄连中提取的主要有效成分。LIU Y等[19]发现,小檗碱通过增强肿瘤浸润性T细胞免疫、减弱MDSCs和Tregs的活化,并降低肿瘤细胞中PD-L1的水平以提高肿瘤细胞对T细胞的敏感度,发挥其抗肿瘤作用。川楝素是从川楝子中提取的一种三萜类化合物。YANG F等[20]发现,川楝素可逆转巨噬细胞介导的肿瘤免疫抑制,从而增强T细胞浸润,通过阻断肿瘤免疫抑制发挥其抗肿瘤作用。淫羊藿苷是中药淫羊藿的主要提取成分之一。DONGYE Z C等[21]研究发现,淫羊藿苷与非甲基化的胞嘧啶鸟嘌呤二核苷酸(CpG)的协同组合,通过促进肿瘤中DC和TAMs的募集来逆转免疫抑制微环境,进而上调的IFN-γ和TNF-α的细胞毒性CD8+ T细胞浸润的表达。通关藤提取物提取自中药通关藤。YI B等[22]在一项临床观察中发现,他们从接受通关藤提取物治疗的结直肠癌患者中收集了17份肿瘤样本,其中13份显示CD3+/CD8+肿瘤浸润性T细胞上调,同时通关藤提取物还增加了CD3+/CD8+肿瘤浸润性T细胞的密度,进而发挥对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用。虫草素,亦称冬虫夏草素,是冬虫夏草的一种活性成分。DENG Q F等[23]研究发现,虫草素抑制血小板反应蛋白1(thrombospondin-1,TSP1)在肿瘤细胞和Jurkat细胞中的表达,推测其通过抑制TSP1与CD47的结合,减少T细胞凋亡并促进生成大量T细胞向肿瘤浸润。
纳米载药体系由于具有特殊的理化性质而被广泛应用于疾病治疗。黄芩苷是黄芩的主要活性成分。HAN SL等[24]研究发现,负载黄芩苷的仿生纳米颗粒可提高CD4+ T和CD8+ T细胞向肿瘤的浸润,推测与免疫激活作用和T细胞应答显著增强有关。穿心莲内酯是天然植物穿心莲的主要有效成分。WANG X R等[25]研究发现,穿心莲内酯可以提高CD8+ T细胞浸润能力并增强抗PD-1 mAb免疫疗法的疗效,以延长小鼠生存周期,进而发挥其抗肿瘤作用。淫羊藿苷是从淫羊藿提取的黄酮苷类化合物。HAO H B等[26]发现,淫羊藿苷以CD8+ T细胞依赖的方式诱导抗肿瘤免疫,通过增加CD8+ T细胞浸润能力和增加效应记忆T细胞的频率,发挥其抗肿瘤作用。白芍总苷是白芍的有效成分之一。JIN L等[27]研究发现,白芍总苷可以通过增加肿瘤浸润性 CD4+和 CD8+ T细胞中CD44LowCD62LHi(T记忆干细胞)和CD44HiCD62LHi(中枢记忆细胞)群体数量,抑制肿瘤生长和转移。金属有机骨架(metal organic framework,Mof)纳米复合材料因其独特的性能在生物医学领域得到了广泛的研究[28]。姜黄素是从姜科植物姜黄中提取的一种天然的酚类抗氧化剂。ZHANG M M等[29]发现,用Mof递送的姜黄素可以在肿瘤组织中表现出更多的CD4+和CD8+ T细胞浸润,通过激光照射释放姜黄素和单线态氧(singlet oxygen,1O2)直接杀死肿瘤细胞,以起到对肿瘤的抑制作用。隐丹参酮是丹参的提取物之一。HAN Z等[30]研究发现,隐丹参酮通过促进TAMs和DC的活化,诱导抗肿瘤T细胞的表达,上调肿瘤组织中效应/记忆CD8+ T细胞的浸润能力,进而起到抑制肿瘤发展的作用。青蒿素是艾草的一种活性成分。ZHANG M Q等[31]发现,青蒿素通过促进抗肿瘤T细胞的浸润和增殖,显著增强抗PD-L1免疫治疗对荷瘤小鼠的疗效,以发挥对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用。龙葵多糖是龙葵的主要活性成分,具有抗肿瘤的作用。人参总皂苷是从人参中提取的三萜类糖苷化合物。RAZALI F N等[32]发现,龙葵多糖组分(SNppF3)可以上调小鼠血清中TNF-α、IFN-γ和IL-4的表达,降低IL-6的表达,浸润性T细胞数量显著增多,进而促进肿瘤细胞的凋亡。
NK细胞是一种能够介导免疫监视、清除病原体的先天淋巴细胞。越来越多的实验和临床证据证明NK细胞在控制癌症发展和促进免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境的形成中具有重要作用[33]。NK细胞表达一系列生殖系编码的受体,使其能够消除转化细胞并保留健康细胞[34]。NK细胞的杀伤活性无MHC限制,不依赖抗体,因此称为自然杀伤活性。NK细胞通过分泌多种细胞因子,如穿孔素、颗粒酶B以及IFN-γ、TNF-α等,发挥免疫调节功能,对肿瘤细胞进行靶向杀伤作用。
桑黄多糖是中药桑黄的主要活性成分。张正平等[35]研究发现,桑黄多糖通过促进瘤细胞变性、坏死,增加NK细胞浸润,同时调控主要组织相容性复合物Ⅰ链相关基因B(major histocompatibility complex classⅠchain-related gene,MICB)/自然杀伤细胞活化性受体2D(natural killer cell group 2D,NKG2D)信号通路,增强对脑胶质瘤细胞的免疫监视,进而起到对脑胶质瘤的抑制作用。黄芪甲苷Ⅲ是从黄芪上提取出来的有机物。CHEN X M等[36]发现,黄芪甲苷Ⅲ能显著提高NK细胞NKG2D、脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)和IFNγ的表达,增加NK细胞向肿瘤的浸润,上调NK细胞的抗肿瘤反应,有效地抑制肿瘤生长。蝎毒是中药全蝎的有效提取物。HAN C等[37]研究发现,蝎毒可以上调肿瘤浸润性NK细胞、NKG2D蛋白、穿孔素和颗粒酶B mRNA的表达,进而抑制肿瘤生长,显著延长荷瘤小鼠的生存周期。马冉冉等[38]研究发现,人参总皂苷可提高NK细胞在肿瘤组织浸润能力,上调穿孔素、颗粒酶B的mRNA表达,增加NK细胞的数量及对肿瘤细胞的杀伤能力。
TAMs是主要的肿瘤浸润性免疫细胞之一,其可根据功能不同,分为两种不同的亚型,即经典活化的M1巨噬细胞和替代活化的M2巨噬细胞[39]。M1巨噬细胞通过释放多种细胞因子,如IFN-γ、TNF-α等,对肿瘤细胞进行直接杀伤作用;M2巨噬细胞却具有促进肿瘤发展和转移的作用,通过释放多种细胞因子和趋化因子,如IL-10、IL-12、CC趋化因子配体17(CC chemokine ligand 17,CCL17)、CCL18、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)等,促进肿瘤血管生成,导致肿瘤增生[40]。因此,抑制M2巨噬细胞,促进M1巨噬细胞,对肿瘤的临床治疗具有重大意义。
丹参总酚酸是丹参的有效活性成分。宋梦瑶等[41]通过一项对乳腺癌的研究发现,丹参总酚酸联合抗-PD-L1可显著抑制E0771乳腺癌皮下瘤的增长,其效果与抑制髓源性巨噬细胞向肿瘤浸润、增强机体免疫效应有关。雷公藤甲素是从雷公藤中提取的一种环氧二萜内酯化合物。JIANG X等[42]研究发现,雷公藤甲素治疗通过NF-κB和细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1和2(extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2,ERK1/2),下调肿瘤衍生的趋化因子C-X-C-基元配体12(chemokine CX-C-motif ligand 12,CXCL12)表达来重塑免疫微环境,从而减少TAMs的浸润,以起到肿瘤抑制作用。SONG M Y等[43]发现,丹参水提取物显著抑制环氧化酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX2)的表达并损害肿瘤中前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2)的分泌,进而减弱TAMs的肿瘤内浸润,同时其通过增加IFN-γ+CD8+ T细胞和颗粒酶+CD8+ T细胞的比例来增强抗肿瘤免疫力,以降低肿瘤发展。JIN L等[27]发现,白芍总苷可以降低肿瘤中的炎症因子水平,以抑制TAM的浸润,进而改善炎症免疫抑制微环境。YTE-17是云南藤黄的活性组分之一。SUI H等[44]研究发现,云南藤黄的活性组分(YTE-17)可有效降低结肠肿瘤模型中的肿瘤负荷,抑制TAMs的浸润,通过增强机体免疫起到肿瘤抑制作用。和厚朴酚是厚朴的主要活性成分。MEI M等[45]发现,和厚朴酚通过CCL2/趋化因子受体2(C-C motif chemokine receptor 2,CCR2)通路减少TAMs向肺组织的浸润,进而抑制肿瘤的发展。蛇床子素是蛇床子的主要有效活性成分之一。WANG B T等[46]研究发现,蛇床子素通过抑制肿瘤浸润M2巨噬细胞,下调M2巨噬细胞极化过程中甘露糖受体1(mannose receptor C type 1,MRC1)、CCL22和TGF-β的表达,进而起到抗肿瘤和免疫调节作用。
MDSCs是一种来自骨髓的抑制性细胞,通过抑制免疫细胞应答,使肿瘤逃避免疫监控。MDSCs可分泌多种细胞因子,如IL-6、IL-10和IL-23等,并激活AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)信号通路,促进肿瘤细胞的发展与转移。MDSCs还可通过激活Tregs和分泌IL-10、TGF-β等抑制免疫系统,通过旁分泌途径增强血管生成进而促进肿瘤生长。在肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment,TME)中,MDSCs异常生成并被招募,以抑制TME中的T细胞活性,促进肿瘤逃逸[47]。因此,抑制MDSCs的免疫抑制,可以提高抗肿瘤免疫治疗的疗效。
淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ是淫羊藿的有效活性成分。KONG Q等[48]通过一项对淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ的研究发现,淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ联合抗PD-1可通过减少MDSCs向肿瘤的浸润,促进活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)介导的类固醇受体辅激活因子(steroid receptor coactivator,SRC)/ERK/信号传导与转录激活因子3(signal transducer and activator of transcription,STAT3)信号通路失活,减少MDSCs向肿瘤微环境的浸润以增强抗PD-1抗肿瘤作用。HAO H B等[26]发现,淫羊藿苷具有降低MDSCs浸润频率的能力,进而影响肿瘤细胞的发展。
Tregs是具有控制体内自身免疫反应性功能的T细胞亚群之一,具有抑制免疫应答、维持机体免疫平衡等功能。活化的Treg细胞对T淋巴细胞的免疫功能具有显著抑制作用。因此,抑制Tregs活性、降低肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞中Tregs的数量,对T细胞发挥肿瘤抑制功能有促进作用。甘草酸是从甘草提取的三萜类化合物。JUIN SK等[49]发现,甘草酸能下调肿瘤浸润性Tregs中人叉头框蛋白P3(forkhead box protein P3,FOXP3),激素诱导的肿瘤坏死因子受体(glucocorticoid—induced tumor necrosis factorreceptor,gITR)和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4(cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4,CTLA4)的表达,以减弱Tregs的免疫抑制能力,进而发挥其有效的抗肿瘤作用。红景天苷是红景天的主要有效成分。李鹏飞等[50]研究发现,红景天苷可以下调Lewis荷瘤小鼠肿瘤浸润组织FOXP3的表达和肿瘤浸润组织FOXP3+Treg的比值,上调CD4+T效应细胞的增殖表达,进而提高机体抗肿瘤能力。灯盏乙素,又名野黄芩苷,为灯盏花的主要有效成分。CHEN S K等[51]发现,灯盏乙素通过抑制肿瘤坏死因子受体2(tumor necrosis factor receptor 2,TNFR2)的表达,使浸润性Tregs的数量减少,上调CD8+ T细胞的肿瘤浸润能力,进而增强抗肿瘤免疫反应。见表1。
近年来,肿瘤的发病率逐年提高,严重威胁人类的生命健康安全。TILs疗法是一种特殊的肿瘤免疫疗法,通过获取患者体内的TILs细胞进行体外培养,回输入患者体内对肿瘤进行特异性杀伤作用,与寻常肿瘤疗法不同,TILs疗法不良反应较低,在临床应用上已取得良好反馈[52]。中医药是一座伟大的宝库,随着研究的不断进展,越来越多的中药单体被证明对肿瘤治疗疗效显著,其低毒高效、多途径、多靶点的特点,对调控机体免疫能力、抑制肿瘤发展意义重大。本文总结归纳了中药单体通过调控TILs,刺激机体免疫反应,发挥其抗肿瘤作用。然而,当前中药单体调控TILs抗肿瘤作用的相关研究仍存在一些不足:①TILS疗法的疗效在临床上已检验,但对中药单体调控TILs的临床研究数据仍然较少,需要大量临床数据的支持;②相关机制研究仍不够深入,对于通路、基因、蛋白等深层次的研究数量相对较少,有待进一步深化研究并阐释作用机理;③中西医结合治疗是未来肿瘤治疗的发展趋势,但对中药单体联合西药治疗的相关研究仍不足。
综上所述,未来对于中药单体调控TILs抗肿瘤作用的研究,应深入对相对机制的探索,阐明其作用途径,注重与西药联合治疗的临床研究。同时,应该注重与临床结合,尽力将研究成果转化为临床治疗新方法,促进中药单体调控TILs抗肿瘤的新药研发,开拓中医药在肿瘤治疗领域的新思路与新方法。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82204981)
  • 国家中医临床研究基地科研专项(2021JDZX2002)
  • 河南省特色骨干学科中医学学科建设项目(STGZYX06-202145)
  • 河南省中医院博士科研基金项目(2022BSJJ08; 2023BSJJ02)
  • 河南省中医药科学研究专项(20-21ZY2115)
  • 河南中医药大学研究生科研创新能力提升计划项目(2022KYCX057)
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2025年第43卷第4期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.026
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-04-10
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82204981)
国家中医临床研究基地科研专项(2021JDZX2002)
河南省特色骨干学科中医学学科建设项目(STGZYX06-202145)
河南省中医院博士科研基金项目(2022BSJJ08; 2023BSJJ02)
河南省中医药科学研究专项(20-21ZY2115)
河南中医药大学研究生科研创新能力提升计划项目(2022KYCX057)
作者信息
    河南中医药大学第二附属医院,河南 郑州 450002

通讯作者:

刘培民(1973-),男,山东枣庄人,教授,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的基础及临床。E-mail:。
李东东(1989-),男,河南开封人,主治医师,博士,研究方向:中医药防治恶性肿瘤的基础及临床。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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