Article(id=1322924206412923723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339309551, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339309551, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339309551, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339309551, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322923268038078806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1744214400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339085826, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340586453, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929562572686061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929562572686062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923268038078806, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=105, endPage=108, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322924208874980175, articleId=1322924206412923723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Discussion on Internal Relationship between Theory of“Deficiency of Yang Qi,Deficiency and Cold of Spleen and Kidney”and Age-Related Diseases Based on ferroptosis and Research Progress in Application of Fuzi(Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aging is a biological process in which cells continue to lose and tissue and organ functions gradually undergo degenerative changes. In this process,a class of diseases whose incidence rate increases exponentially with age are called age-related diseases(ARDs). In middle age,the gradual decline of Yangqi,spleen deficiency,kidney deficiency and coldness are the key pathological mechanisms for the occurrence of ARDS. Ferroptosis belongs to iron dependent non apoptotic programmed death. Age related iron homeostasis and redox imbalance make it a key link in the occurrence and development of ARDs. It is an important part of the modern biological connotation of treating ARDs from spleen and kidney,including the correlation between“deficiency of spleen Yang,lack of transportation”and mitochondrial iron homeostasis imbalance,and the correlation between“deficiency of kidney Yang,loss of vital Qi”and redox imbalance. Taking ferroptosis as the breakthrough point,this article enriched the understanding of traditional Chinese medicine theory on ARDs,and summarized the progress of Fuzi(Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata)in clinical and basic research in recent years,aiming to provide new thinking for the study of the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine of ARDs.

, authors=Meiling ZHANG, Qige WANG, Jie WANG, Xueying QIU, Nan SONG, Guoyuan SUI, Jia WANG, Lianqun JIA, authorsList=Meiling ZHANG, Qige WANG, Jie WANG, Xueying QIU, Nan SONG, Guoyuan SUI, Jia WANG, Lianqun JIA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jia WANG, Lianqun JIA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322924213488714585, articleId=1322924206412923723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=基于铁死亡探讨“阳气亏虚,脾肾虚冷”与年龄相关疾病内在联系及附子的应用相关研究进展, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

衰老是细胞持续丢失,组织与器官功能逐步发生退行性改变的生物学过程,在此过程中发病率随年龄增长呈指数级上升的一类疾病称为年龄相关疾病(age-related diseases,ARDs)。人至中年,阳气渐衰,脾肾虚冷为甚,虚与痰瘀毒交织,是ARDs发生的关键病机。铁死亡属于铁依赖性非凋亡程序性死亡,年龄相关的铁稳态和氧化还原失衡使其在ARDs发生发展中成为关键环节,是从脾肾论治ARDs现代生物学内涵的重要组成部分,包含“脾阳不足,运化无主”与线粒体铁稳态失衡相关性、“肾阳失煦,元气失化”与氧化还原失衡相关性两个方面。以铁死亡为切入点丰富中医理论对ARDs的认识,并对于近年来附子在临床及基础研究中的进展进行总结,旨在为衰老水平相关疾病的中西医机制研究提供新思考。

, authors=张美菱, 王琪格, 王杰, 裘雪莹, 宋囡, 隋国媛, 王佳, 贾连群, authorsList=张美菱, 王琪格, 王杰, 裘雪莹, 宋囡, 隋国媛, 王佳, 贾连群, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王佳, 贾连群, authorNote=

张美菱(1995-),女(蒙古族),辽宁沈阳人,博士在读,研究方向:中西医结合防治心血管疾病。

, correspAuthorsNote=
王佳(1984-),女,辽宁沈阳人,主治医师,博士,在站博士后,研究方向:中西医结合防治心血管疾病。E-mail:。
贾连群(1975-),女,辽宁营口人,教授,博士研究生导师,研究方向:中西医结合防治心血管疾病。E-mail:。
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张美菱(1995-),女(蒙古族),辽宁沈阳人,博士在读,研究方向:中西医结合防治心血管疾病。

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张美菱(1995-),女(蒙古族),辽宁沈阳人,博士在读,研究方向:中西医结合防治心血管疾病。

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基于铁死亡探讨“阳气亏虚,脾肾虚冷”与年龄相关疾病内在联系及附子的应用相关研究进展
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张美菱 , 王琪格 , 王杰 , 裘雪莹 , 宋囡 , 隋国媛 , 王佳 , 贾连群
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(4): 105-108
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (4) : 105 -108
基于铁死亡探讨“阳气亏虚,脾肾虚冷”与年龄相关疾病内在联系及附子的应用相关研究进展
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张美菱, 王琪格, 王杰, 裘雪莹, 宋囡, 隋国媛, 王佳 , 贾连群
作者信息
  • 辽宁中医药大学中医脏象理论及应用教育部重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110847
通讯作者:
王佳(1984-),女,辽宁沈阳人,主治医师,博士,在站博士后,研究方向:中西医结合防治心血管疾病。E-mail:。
贾连群(1975-),女,辽宁营口人,教授,博士研究生导师,研究方向:中西医结合防治心血管疾病。E-mail:。
作者简介:

张美菱(1995-),女(蒙古族),辽宁沈阳人,博士在读,研究方向:中西医结合防治心血管疾病。

Discussion on Internal Relationship between Theory of“Deficiency of Yang Qi,Deficiency and Cold of Spleen and Kidney”and Age-Related Diseases Based on ferroptosis and Research Progress in Application of Fuzi(Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata)
Meiling ZHANG, Qige WANG, Jie WANG, Xueying QIU, Nan SONG, Guoyuan SUI, Jia WANG , Lianqun JIA
Affiliations
  • Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Visceral Phenomenon Theory and Application in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, Liaoning, China
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.017
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衰老是细胞持续丢失,组织与器官功能逐步发生退行性改变的生物学过程,在此过程中发病率随年龄增长呈指数级上升的一类疾病称为年龄相关疾病(age-related diseases,ARDs)。人至中年,阳气渐衰,脾肾虚冷为甚,虚与痰瘀毒交织,是ARDs发生的关键病机。铁死亡属于铁依赖性非凋亡程序性死亡,年龄相关的铁稳态和氧化还原失衡使其在ARDs发生发展中成为关键环节,是从脾肾论治ARDs现代生物学内涵的重要组成部分,包含“脾阳不足,运化无主”与线粒体铁稳态失衡相关性、“肾阳失煦,元气失化”与氧化还原失衡相关性两个方面。以铁死亡为切入点丰富中医理论对ARDs的认识,并对于近年来附子在临床及基础研究中的进展进行总结,旨在为衰老水平相关疾病的中西医机制研究提供新思考。

年龄相关性疾病  /  阳气亏虚,脾肾虚冷  /  铁死亡机制  /  附子

Aging is a biological process in which cells continue to lose and tissue and organ functions gradually undergo degenerative changes. In this process,a class of diseases whose incidence rate increases exponentially with age are called age-related diseases(ARDs). In middle age,the gradual decline of Yangqi,spleen deficiency,kidney deficiency and coldness are the key pathological mechanisms for the occurrence of ARDS. Ferroptosis belongs to iron dependent non apoptotic programmed death. Age related iron homeostasis and redox imbalance make it a key link in the occurrence and development of ARDs. It is an important part of the modern biological connotation of treating ARDs from spleen and kidney,including the correlation between“deficiency of spleen Yang,lack of transportation”and mitochondrial iron homeostasis imbalance,and the correlation between“deficiency of kidney Yang,loss of vital Qi”and redox imbalance. Taking ferroptosis as the breakthrough point,this article enriched the understanding of traditional Chinese medicine theory on ARDs,and summarized the progress of Fuzi(Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata)in clinical and basic research in recent years,aiming to provide new thinking for the study of the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine of ARDs.

age-related diseases  /  deficiency of Yang,deficiency and cold of spleen and kidney  /  ferroptosis mechanism  /  Fuzi(Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata)
张美菱, 王琪格, 王杰, 裘雪莹, 宋囡, 隋国媛, 王佳, 贾连群. 基于铁死亡探讨“阳气亏虚,脾肾虚冷”与年龄相关疾病内在联系及附子的应用相关研究进展. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (4) : 105 -108 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.017
Meiling ZHANG, Qige WANG, Jie WANG, Xueying QIU, Nan SONG, Guoyuan SUI, Jia WANG, Lianqun JIA. Discussion on Internal Relationship between Theory of“Deficiency of Yang Qi,Deficiency and Cold of Spleen and Kidney”and Age-Related Diseases Based on ferroptosis and Research Progress in Application of Fuzi(Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata)[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (4) : 105 -108 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.017
人口老龄化已经成为世界范围普遍存在的显著社会特征之一,根据联合国报告显示,中国60岁人口预计到2035年超过4亿,到2055年将达到5亿[1]。随着年龄的增长,机体出现内环境稳定能力和应激能力下降,组织器官结构、功能逐步发生退行性的不可逆转现象,促进了疾病的发生与发展。发病率随着年龄呈指数级增长的疾病称为年龄相关疾病(age-related diseases,ARDs),包括心血管疾病、骨质疏松症、卒中、神经退行性疾病以及多种癌症等[2-3]。相关研究证明,通过抑制脂质过氧化或限制铁潴留来阻断铁死亡,可以减轻与年龄相关的细胞死亡并延长寿命[4]。《千金翼方》中指出:“人年五十以上,阳气日衰,损与日至。”认为随年龄增长机体日渐虚弱实质与阳气盛衰十分密切。《医宗必读》中云:“脾、肾者,水为万物之元,土为万物之母,二脏为生人之根本……”强调了脾肾两脏为万物生命之根本,若阳气亏虚,脾肾虚冷则脾虚无以运化,肾虚无以气化,阴阳乖戾,疾病乃起,是中医从脾肾论治ARDs的理论基础。故本文溯源“阳气亏虚,脾肾虚冷”理论,立足脾肾学说的中西医研究基础[5-6],探讨“阳气亏虚,脾肾虚冷”与ARDs的现代生物学内涵,总结以附子为代表的温补脾肾复方及单体成分相关研究进展,从而进一步构建从脾肾论治ARDs的理论框架。
生命的实质是阳气的生生不息、有序流通以及升降出入运动决定的,故有学者认为“阴平阳秘”当为阳主导的生命态[7]。《医理真传》言:“人身所持以立命者,其惟此阳气乎,阳气无伤百病自然不作,有阳则生,无阳则死。”《景岳全书·传忠录》曰:“元阳者,即无形之火,以生以化,神机是也,性命系之……”由此可见阳气为立命之本,阳气不足,阴寒内生,阴阳失衡,百病发作。窦材所著《扁鹊心书》尊崇《内经》保阳思想,尤重脾肾,强调脾肾之阳在人体生命活动调节中的重要作用[8]。《临证指南医案·脾胃门》言:“太阴湿土,得阳始运。”“形寒怯冷,脾阳式微,不能运布气机。”认为脾之健运,重在脾阳。《四圣心源·天人解精华滋生》曰:“水谷入胃,脾阳磨化,渣滓下传,而为粪溺,精华上奉,而变气血。”又具体阐明脾阳充足,才可温煦三焦,腐熟水谷,化生气血,上输心肺头目,濡养全身。肾中阳气为五脏阳气之根,气化之源,肾的气化是肾生理功能的高度概括。《罗氏会约医镜·论肿胀》所云:“夫(肾)关门何以不利,以阴中无火,是无阳也,故气不化,水道不通,溢而为肿。”从病理角度分析肾阳不助水液蒸腾气化,可发为水肿,从宏观来看肾主气化更是主导着全身气血精津液化生、转输、布散,是维系机体正常新陈代谢的动力。
ARDs的发生伴随脏腑组织功能减退,而五脏六腑中脾、肾功能异常与衰老的联系最为密切。《景岳全书》曰:“后天培养者,寿则更寿。”认为重视后天之本是延长寿命的关键,《灵枢·营卫生会》言:“老者之气血衰。”《医门补要》又言:“人至老年,未有气血不亏者”阐述气血不足是衰老之根本,侧面强调脾阳腐熟水谷,化生气血在延缓衰老的重要性。《医学入门》曰:“人至中年,肾气自衰。”认为中年以后肾气会渐渐衰耗不足,且《医学正传》中记述:“肾元盛则寿延,肾元衰则寿夭。”肾中元气盛衰决定着生命的长度,故延缓衰老应尤重肾元。《景岳全书·命门余义》中曰:“命门有生气,即乾元不息之机也,无生则息矣。”肾之维护生命不息其功在于肾主气化功能,具体而言肾主气化能够推动机体精微物质化生、代谢产物的排泄。可见,衰老的过程是脾肾渐衰的过程,阳气亏虚,脾肾虚冷,所生痰瘀毒,窜至全身各处,可促发老年综合征、阿尔茨海默病、血脂异常症、动脉粥样硬化、肿瘤等ARDs。
老年病与脏腑组织的功能减退密切相关,尤其与脾肾两脏阳气虚衰为主[9],年龄渐长,脾肾虚冷,气血精津液化生不足,头目经络、四肢髓窍无所充养濡润,功能失用,发生体弱、消瘦、发枯、皮肤干涩、关节不利等改变,西医将衰老过程中出现的疲乏、肌力下降、体质量下降、步速减慢等一系列临床表现称为老年衰弱综合征[10]。
若脑不得养,老无记忆,脑髓渐空,可出现痴呆、健忘,或西医所言阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性病变。《景岳全书》指出:“凡人气血犹如源泉也,盛则流畅,少则塞滞,故气血不虚则不滞,虚则无有不滞。”阳虚不化有形之阴,久则聚而成形为瘀血、痰浊和水饮等病理产物,阻于脑络亦可诱发疾病,故中医理论认为肾虚是阿尔茨海默病的内在病理基础,脾虚是其关键所在,治疗时应注重补肾健脾兼化痰祛瘀[11]。
老年人素体亏虚,脾肾阳气温煦不足,痰湿易生阻遏气机,气机受阻则津液不行、脉道艰涩,痰瘀留滞于全身各处,可促生百病。《杂病源流犀烛》曰:“痰之为物,流动不测,故其为害,上至巅顶,下至涌泉,随气升降,周身内外皆到,五脏六腑俱有。”痰瘀日盛,化为血浊,若黏稠凝滞、壅滞周身血脉,临床可见老年血脂异常症。
血脂异常症与中医的脂毒、糖毒关系紧密,和年龄因素同为动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。《金匮要略心典》言:“毒,邪气蕴结不解之谓。”阐明毒为痰瘀互结日久,邪气亢盛,脉络受损,败坏形体而化,动脉粥样硬化易损斑块属于中医内生毒邪范畴,王永炎院士、陈可冀院士都提出内生之毒是心脑血管发生的重要病机,从毒论治动脉粥样硬化易损斑块在临床也取得很好疗效[12-13]。
癌症是年龄相关疾病中的主要疾病之一,“虚、痰、瘀、毒”是中医认识肿瘤病理的四个方面,国医大师周仲瑛在20世纪90年代率先提出“癌毒”病机理论,认为正虚是癌毒形成的先决条件,癌毒与痰瘀搏结,形成癌肿[14]。医圣张仲景用鳖甲煎丸治疗癥瘕等有形实邪时用温阳扶阳的药物之外,更以治疗三阳经气的主方调整阳气的运行,印证癥瘕积聚以正虚为本,又尤以阳虚为甚[15]。
铁死亡是新发现的程序性细胞死亡形式,在形态、生化、遗传上不同于传统细胞坏死方式[16]。它以多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFA)为主要底物发生铁离子依赖的脂质过氧化参与细胞损伤及死亡过程[17],铁异常蓄积与抗氧化能力不足导致的铁稳态失衡以及氧化还原失衡是铁死亡发生的关键因素[18]。JAMESS A等[19]的研究结果认为随年龄增长出现铁的积累可能是从无脊椎动物到人类普遍存在的特征,或许会成为改善衰老及年龄相关疾病治疗策略关键。在秀丽隐杆线虫中,随年龄增长出现不稳定的亚铁与加速衰老的遗传效应相关,同样在更年期女性群体中年龄的增加伴随机体新陈代谢率下降,对铁的需求降低,体内铁含量也相对会过剩[20]。此外年龄相关疾病的特征还包括核转录因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,Nrf2)活性降低、抗氧化能力减弱、线粒体生物合成抑制等基础特征[21],且防止铁异常氧化还原的调节机制会随年龄增长减弱,相关实验证实老年组小鼠的Nrf2/谷氨酸胱氨酸转运体(cystine/glutamate transport,xCT)/谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)/谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(glutathione peroxidase 4,GPX4)抗氧化轴的能力下降[22],而当抗氧化系统被削弱时,脂质过氧化物蓄积引发过氧化级联反应,可损伤细胞膜,发生铁死亡,这意味着“铁-谷胱甘肽”轴的破坏是自然衰老和死亡的基础[23]。
铁死亡与阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化等神经退行性疾病的发生发展具有相关性,主要体现在与年龄相关的大脑中的铁蓄积、脂质过氧化增加、GSH减少和GPX4抑制等环节[24]。此外心血管事件的发生率和严重程度随年龄的增长呈上升趋势,衰老与心血管病的发生发展密切相关[25],研究表明铁死亡是动脉粥样硬化、衰老性心功能不全中细胞死亡的主要形式,以磷脂氧化损伤为特征,参与巨噬细胞、血管平滑肌细胞、血管内皮细胞受损以及炎症反应等各种心血管疾病相关风险因素和病理过程[26-27],同时大量研究结果显示通过抑制铁死亡可以显著减轻缺血性器官损伤,有助于抑制退行性疾病和肿瘤病理改变,这可能是其在衰老水平主要研究意义[28-29]。
《景岳全书》言:“脾司运化,一纳一运,化生精气,津液上升,糟粕下降,斯无病也。”可见脾之健运,方可化生气血供给全身各处,推动脏腑组织经络发挥生理功能。《灵枢·决气》云:“中焦受气取汁,变化而赤,是谓血。”血液化生的关键在中焦脾胃,然后才能奉行全身。线粒体是利用铁合成血红素的唯一部位,是铁硫簇的主要发生者,故“脾-线粒体相关理论”不仅包含脾主运化与线粒体生物合成、融合分裂、氧化磷酸化的理论联系,也体现在脾与线粒体同是人体的原动力及能量、血液调控中心[30]。目前普遍认为线粒体病变是脾虚的物质形态学基础之一,且线粒体功能障碍与衰老进程相关[31-32]。对酵母和哺乳动物的研究又进一步表明,线粒体中的铁随着年龄的增长而增加,这可能与线粒体中血红素和铁硫簇的生物合成出现多种缺陷导致铁水平出现不稳定有关,通常铁的异常过度累积被认为是铁死亡发生的关键诱导因素[33]。线粒体铁稳态的改变满足了铁死亡发生氧化还原反应对活性铁的需求[34]。这意味着脾阳不足,运化无主,气血亏虚,精微失布,与年龄相关的线粒体铁稳态失衡、血红素合成受损具有密切联系,脾之健运可能是维持线粒体铁稳态、抑制铁死亡发生的关键。
《素问·上古天真论篇》曰:“五八,肾气衰,发堕齿槁……七八……天癸竭,精少,肾脏衰,形体皆极”强调了肾气的盛衰影响着人体生殖生长发育。肾气是人体生命活动的原动力,肾气中具有温煦、推动、兴奋、宣散的部分称为肾阳,它参与促进机体气化过程[35]。肾脏通过气化作用并借助于三焦,来推动脏腑生理功能,清除新陈代谢产物[36-37]。自由基是在人体代谢过程中不断产生的高活性有害物质,直接或者间接发挥强氧化剂作用损伤生物体。“肾虚-自由基相关理论”是指肾虚状态下自由基代谢清除系统失调,抗氧化防御系统包括超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、GPX4等酶的活性下降,导致氧化还原失去平衡[38],进而促进疾病的发生发展,在肾虚衰老大鼠模型的研究中已得到初步证实[39],故氧化还原失衡是肾虚衰老的内在机制之一,也是诱发铁死亡的重要条件。肾阳失煦,元气失化,痰瘀浊毒等机体有毒代谢产物清除不佳,日久损伤脏腑功能,故认为应当以补肾气、温肾阳作为防治ARDs的主要原则,促进自由基及脂质过氧化产物清除,恢复氧化还原平衡,进而达到通过调控铁死亡来治疗ARDs的预期。
“阳气亏虚,脾肾虚冷”是ARDs发生发展的重要病机,故ARDs的预防及治疗应以从“阳”论治为基本原则。附子一药,回阳救逆,备受古今名医推崇,仲景之《伤寒论》全篇113方,其中有34方用到附子,尽显固护阳气重要性[40]。黄元御《长沙药解》言:“暖水燥土,泄湿除寒,走中宫而温脾,入下焦而暖肾,补垂绝之火种,续将断之阳根。”阐明附子可温脾肾之阳,煦暖全身。现代临床研究中,张勇等[41]应用附子等补肾助阳中药干预帕金森病并发自主神经功能障碍患者,干预后患者自主神经功能障碍得到了显著和全面地改善。李小芬等[42]应用麻黄附子细辛汤联合电针干预阿尔茨海默病患者,可有效缓解患者临床症状,改善认知功能和神经递质水平,疗效确切且安全性较高。除中药复方外,附子水溶性生物碱也具有广泛的药理作用,去甲猪毛菜碱、塔拉萨敏和异塔拉定等可以通过抑制氧化应激损伤、抑制钾离子丢失来治疗阿尔茨海默病等相关疾病,附子灵、尼奥灵、宋果灵等成分可用于拮抗多种癌细胞的增殖以及改善心肌细胞缺血[43-44]。目前越来越多的机制研究从铁死亡角度探讨对ARDs的干预作用,如温阳复元方能够上调脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠线粒体铁死亡相关基因BCRP/FLVCR的表达水平,促进细胞内铁的外排,抑制氧化应激,保护神经元损伤[45]。附萸汤能够通过激活Nrf2-GPX4通路,抑制心肌细胞铁死亡,从而改善心力衰竭大鼠心肌纤维化[46]。一种提取自附子等乌头类中药的活性单体苯甲酰乌头原碱在低浓度水平时,能够增加Erastin诱导铁死亡成骨细胞的GPX4和βcatenin蛋白表达,有效抑制铁死亡现象的发生,而防治骨质疏松症[47],此外附子多糖可以增加心肌细胞损伤模型的SOD、GPX等抗氧化酶活性,在抗肿瘤药物引起的脏器损伤中同样具有一定缓解和保护作用,可以有效减少顺铂诱导的急性肾损伤小鼠模型中脂质过氧化以及增加GSH的水平[48-49]。
目前温补脾肾中药复方及单体活性成分通过调控细胞铁死亡干预癌症、心血管疾病、神经退行性病变等ARDs的机制研究不断深入,成果颇丰。“阳气不足,脾肾虚冷”高度概括了ARDs的核心病机,若脾阳不足、运化无主,肾阳失煦、元气失化,一则气血精津液生化不足,四肢百骸失于濡养,二则因虚致实,痰瘀毒相互交织,久病入络,百病滋生,与ARDs相关铁死亡机制研究高度契合(见图1)。课题组一直从事中西医结合防治心血管疾病相关研究,而心血管疾病的发病率在老年人群中随增龄显著升高,属ARDs范畴,基于铁死亡从脾肾论治老年性心血管疾病的机制研究具有重要意义,也是团队今后重点研究内容之一,未来将以相关基础实验来进一步探索与验证。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82074145; 81974548)
  • 辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1902100)
  • 辽宁省教育厅科学研究面上项目(LJKZ0877)
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2025年第43卷第4期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.04.017
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-04-10
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国家自然科学基金项目(82074145; 81974548)
辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1902100)
辽宁省教育厅科学研究面上项目(LJKZ0877)
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    辽宁中医药大学中医脏象理论及应用教育部重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110847

通讯作者:

王佳(1984-),女,辽宁沈阳人,主治医师,博士,在站博士后,研究方向:中西医结合防治心血管疾病。E-mail:。
贾连群(1975-),女,辽宁营口人,教授,博士研究生导师,研究方向:中西医结合防治心血管疾病。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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