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Article(id=1322923039926661871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923011518628427, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.03.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339031439, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339031439, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339031439, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339031439, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322923011518628427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1741536000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793339024666, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340602374, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929628976906432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923011518628427, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929628981100737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322923011518628427, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=30, endPage=41, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322923040182514416, articleId=1322923039926661871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Research Progress on Chemical Compositions and Pharmacological Effects of Tengligen（Actinidiae Chinensis Radix）, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Tengligen（Actinidiae Chinensis Radix）is the dried root of Zhonghua Mihoutao（Actinidia chinensis Planch.），a plant of Actinidia genus in Actinidiaceae. It is a traditional Chinese herb with extensive medicinal values. Tengligen（Actinidiae Chinensis Radix）contains various active ingredients，178 species have been identified，and their structural types are diverse，including triterpenoids，phenylpropanoids，flavonoids，steroids，anthraquinones and alkaloids，with triterpenoids as its main components（75 species）. These ingredients have various pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor，liver protection，anti-inflammatory，antiviral，anti-angiogenic，and anti-mutagenic effects. This article provided a review of the current research on the chemical components and pharmacological effects of Tengligen（Actinidiae Chinensis Radix），in order to provide reference for the in-depth research and clinical application.

, authors=Yaxin WANG1, 2, Guodong HOU1, 2, Yongxia GUAN3, Shuxiu ZHAO1, 2, Huifen LI1, Yongqiang LIN2, Qingzhi LIU1, Dongxiao GUO2, 3, authorsList=Yaxin WANG, Guodong HOU, Yongxia GUAN, Shuxiu ZHAO, Huifen LI, Yongqiang LIN, Qingzhi LIU, Dongxiao GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qingzhi LIU, Dongxiao GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322923044267766533, articleId=1322923039926661871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=藤梨根化学成分和药理作用研究进展, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

藤梨根为猕猴桃科猕猴桃属植物中华猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis Planch.）的干燥根，是一种传统的中药材，具有广泛的药用价值。藤梨根中含有多种活性成分，目前鉴定的有178种，其结构类型多样，包括三萜类、苯丙素类、黄酮类、甾体类、蒽醌类、生物碱类等，三萜类为其主要成分（75种）。这些成分具有抗肿瘤、保肝、抗炎、抗病毒、抗血管生成、抗诱变等多种药理活性。对藤梨根的化学成分及药理作用研究现状进行了综述，以期为藤梨根的深入研究及临床应用提供参考。

, authors=王亚新1, 2, 侯国栋1, 2, 关永霞3, 赵淑秀1, 2, 李慧芬1, 林永强2, 刘青芝1, 郭东晓2, 3, authorsList=王亚新, 侯国栋, 关永霞, 赵淑秀, 李慧芬, 林永强, 刘青芝, 郭东晓, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘青芝, 郭东晓, authorNote=

王亚新（1999-），女，山东聊城人，硕士在读，研究方向：中药质量控制。

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘青芝（1985-），女，山东滨州人，副教授，硕士研究生导师，硕士，研究方向：制药工程及药品质量控制。E-mail：。
郭东晓（1984-），男，山东淄博人，主任药师，硕士研究生导师，博士，研究方向：中药、保健食品和化妆品质量评价。Email：。
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2.山东省食品药品检验研究院，中药标准创新与质量评价山东省工程研究中心，中药配方颗粒共性技术山东省工程研究中心，国家药监局胶类产品质量评价重点实验室，山东 济南， 250101, bio={"content":"

王亚新（1999-），女，山东聊城人，硕士在读，研究方向：中药质量控制。

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王亚新（1999-），女，山东聊城人，硕士在读，研究方向：中药质量控制。

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journalName=北京中医药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘欢，郭雁，崔向清，等. 藤梨根提取液对小鼠染色体DNA抗诱变作用研究［J］. 北京中医药，2010，29（3）：214-215., articleTitle=藤梨根提取液对小鼠染色体DNA抗诱变作用研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322923065746797490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923039926661871, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=25, issue=7, pageStart=1087, pageEnd=1091, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［71］, rfOrder=70, authorNames=魏志平, 沈静, 周玉, journalName=西北农业学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=魏志平，沈静，周玉，等. ‘中华猕猴桃’根皮提取物抗烟草花叶病毒活性测定［J］. 西北农业学报，2016，25（7）：1087-1091., articleTitle=‘中华猕猴桃’根皮提取物抗烟草花叶病毒活性测定, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322923056024400743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923039926661871, awardId=2023YFC3504100, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划-中医药现代化专项(2023YFC3504100), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322923056108286824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, 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编号化合物名称化学式参考文献
1（2α，3β）-2，3，23-trihydroxyurs-13（18）-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［6］
22α，3β，19α，23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacid28-O-β-D-glucopyranosideC32H50O8［6］
32α，3α，23，24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O6［6］
42α，3β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O4［6］
52α，3α，24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［6］
62α，3β，23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［6］
72α，3β，23-trihydroxyursa-12，20（30）-dien-28-oicacidC30H46O5［6］
82α，3α，19-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［7］
92α，3α，23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［7］
10asiaticacidC30H48O5［7］
11ursolicacidC30H48O3［7］
122α，3α，19，24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O6［7］
132α，23-dihydroxylmicromericacidC30H46O5［7］
14pseudotaraxasterolC30H50O［8］
152α，3α，19α，23，24-pentahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O7［8］
162α，3β，24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［8］
172α，3α，19α，24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O6［8］
182α，3β，19α，23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O6［8］
192α，3α，19α，24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacid28-O-β-D-glucopyranosideC32H50O8［8］
202α，3α，24-trihydroxyurs-12，20（30）-dien-28-oicacidC30H46O5［8］
213-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H46O3［9］
222α，3β，23，24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicC30H48O6［9］
232α，24-dihydroxyursolicacidC30H48O5［10］
24jacoumaricacidC39H56O6［10］
252α，3α，23-trihydroxyurs-12，20（30）-dien-28-oicacidC30H46O5［10］
262α，3α，19α，23，24-pentahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O7［11］
272α，3β，23-trihydroxyurs-12，20（30）-dien-28-oicacidC30H46O5［11］
282，3，4，6tetraacetyl-（19α-hydroxy-2α，3α，24-triace-toxyurs-12-en-28-oyl）-β-D-glucopyranosideC50H72O18［11］
292α，3β，23-trihydroxyurs-13（18）-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［11］
301α，2α，3β，19α，23-pentahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O7［11］
312α，3β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28，30-olideC31H48O4［12］
322α，3β，24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28，30-olideC31H48O5［12］
333-epi-corosolicacidC30H48O4［12］
3423-hydroxyursolicacidC30H48O4［12］
353β-hydroxyurs-12，18-dien-28-oicacidC30H46O3［12］
362α，3α，23-trihydroxyursa-12，20（30）-dien-28-oicacidC30H46O5［12］
372α-hydroxyursolicacidC30H48O4［5］
382α，24-dihydroxyursolicacidC30H48O5［5］
393β-O-acetylursolicacidC32H50O4［5］
40euscaphicacidC30H48O5［5］
412α，3α，23，24-tetrahydroxyursa-12，20（30）-dien-28-oicacidC30H46O6［13］
422α，3α，24-trihydroxyursa-12，20（30）-dien-28-oicacidC30H46O5［13］
432α，3β，23，24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O6［13］
443β-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O3［13］
452β，3α，23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［13］
462β，3β，23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［13］
47fupenzicacidC30H44O5［14］
482α，3α，24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-23，28-dioicacidC30H46O7［15］
49esculenticacidC30H48O5［15］
50nigaichigoside F1C36H58O11［15］
5123-hydroxytormenticacidC30H48O6［15］
522α，3β，19α-trihydroxyurs-12-ene-23，28-dioicacid-23-methylesterC31H48O8［15］
533-O-trans-p-coumaroyltormenticacidC39H54O7［15］
543-O-cis-p-coumaroyltormenticacidC39H54O7［15］
552α，3α，23，24-tetrahydroxyursa-12，20（30）-dien-28-oicacidC29H44O6［15］
563β，23-dihydroxy-1-oxo-30-norolean-12，20（29）-dien-28-oicacidC29H44O4［15］
57actinidicacidC29H44O5［15］
583β，23-dihydroxy-30-norolean-12，20（29）-dien-28-oicacidC29H44O4［15］
5930-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-2α，3α，24-tri-hydroxyurs-12，18-diene-28-oicacid O-β-D-gluco-pyranosylesterC42H66O16［16］
602α，3β，23，30-tetrahydroxyurs-12，18-diene-28-oicacid O-β-D-glucopyranosylesterC36H56O11［16］
), ArticleFig(id=1322923053050639192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923039926661871, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

藤梨根中的乌苏烷型三萜

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物名称化学式参考文献
1（2α，3β）-2，3，23-trihydroxyurs-13（18）-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［6］
22α，3β，19α，23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacid28-O-β-D-glucopyranosideC32H50O8［6］
32α，3α，23，24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O6［6］
42α，3β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O4［6］
52α，3α，24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［6］
62α，3β，23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［6］
72α，3β，23-trihydroxyursa-12，20（30）-dien-28-oicacidC30H46O5［6］
82α，3α，19-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［7］
92α，3α，23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［7］
10asiaticacidC30H48O5［7］
11ursolicacidC30H48O3［7］
122α，3α，19，24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O6［7］
132α，23-dihydroxylmicromericacidC30H46O5［7］
14pseudotaraxasterolC30H50O［8］
152α，3α，19α，23，24-pentahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O7［8］
162α，3β，24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［8］
172α，3α，19α，24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O6［8］
182α，3β，19α，23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O6［8］
192α，3α，19α，24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacid28-O-β-D-glucopyranosideC32H50O8［8］
202α，3α，24-trihydroxyurs-12，20（30）-dien-28-oicacidC30H46O5［8］
213-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H46O3［9］
222α，3β，23，24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicC30H48O6［9］
232α，24-dihydroxyursolicacidC30H48O5［10］
24jacoumaricacidC39H56O6［10］
252α，3α，23-trihydroxyurs-12，20（30）-dien-28-oicacidC30H46O5［10］
262α，3α，19α，23，24-pentahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O7［11］
272α，3β，23-trihydroxyurs-12，20（30）-dien-28-oicacidC30H46O5［11］
282，3，4，6tetraacetyl-（19α-hydroxy-2α，3α，24-triace-toxyurs-12-en-28-oyl）-β-D-glucopyranosideC50H72O18［11］
292α，3β，23-trihydroxyurs-13（18）-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［11］
301α，2α，3β，19α，23-pentahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O7［11］
312α，3β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28，30-olideC31H48O4［12］
322α，3β，24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28，30-olideC31H48O5［12］
333-epi-corosolicacidC30H48O4［12］
3423-hydroxyursolicacidC30H48O4［12］
353β-hydroxyurs-12，18-dien-28-oicacidC30H46O3［12］
362α，3α，23-trihydroxyursa-12，20（30）-dien-28-oicacidC30H46O5［12］
372α-hydroxyursolicacidC30H48O4［5］
382α，24-dihydroxyursolicacidC30H48O5［5］
393β-O-acetylursolicacidC32H50O4［5］
40euscaphicacidC30H48O5［5］
412α，3α，23，24-tetrahydroxyursa-12，20（30）-dien-28-oicacidC30H46O6［13］
422α，3α，24-trihydroxyursa-12，20（30）-dien-28-oicacidC30H46O5［13］
432α，3β，23，24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O6［13］
443β-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O3［13］
452β，3α，23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［13］
462β，3β，23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［13］
47fupenzicacidC30H44O5［14］
482α，3α，24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-23，28-dioicacidC30H46O7［15］
49esculenticacidC30H48O5［15］
50nigaichigoside F1C36H58O11［15］
5123-hydroxytormenticacidC30H48O6［15］
522α，3β，19α-trihydroxyurs-12-ene-23，28-dioicacid-23-methylesterC31H48O8［15］
533-O-trans-p-coumaroyltormenticacidC39H54O7［15］
543-O-cis-p-coumaroyltormenticacidC39H54O7［15］
552α，3α，23，24-tetrahydroxyursa-12，20（30）-dien-28-oicacidC29H44O6［15］
563β，23-dihydroxy-1-oxo-30-norolean-12，20（29）-dien-28-oicacidC29H44O4［15］
57actinidicacidC29H44O5［15］
583β，23-dihydroxy-30-norolean-12，20（29）-dien-28-oicacidC29H44O4［15］
5930-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-2α，3α，24-tri-hydroxyurs-12，18-diene-28-oicacid O-β-D-gluco-pyranosylesterC42H66O16［16］
602α，3β，23，30-tetrahydroxyurs-12，18-diene-28-oicacid O-β-D-glucopyranosylesterC36H56O11［16］
), ArticleFig(id=1322923053130330969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923039926661871, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物名称化学式参考文献
6112α-chloro-2α，3β，13β，23-tetrahydroxyolean-28-oicacid-13-lactoneC30H47ClO5［6］
622α，3β，19-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［7］
63oleanolicacidC30H48O3［7］
643β-O-acetyloleanolicacidC32H50O4［7］
652α，3β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O4［8］
662α，3α，24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［8］
672α-hydroxyoleanolicacidC30H48O4［5］
682α，3β-dyhydroxyolean-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O4［13］
693β-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O3［13］
70spathodicacid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosideC31H50O7［14］
713-oxo-9（11），12-diene-30-oicacidC30H44O3［14］
723-β-（2-carboxybenzoyloxy）oleanolicacidC38H52O6［14］
732α，3β，19α，23，24-pentahydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oicacid28-β-D-glucopyranosylC30H50O9［15］
74maslinicacidC30H48O4［15］
75oeanicacidC30H48O3［15］
), ArticleFig(id=1322923053226799962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923039926661871, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

藤梨根中的齐墩果烷型三萜

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物名称化学式参考文献
6112α-chloro-2α，3β，13β，23-tetrahydroxyolean-28-oicacid-13-lactoneC30H47ClO5［6］
622α，3β，19-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［7］
63oleanolicacidC30H48O3［7］
643β-O-acetyloleanolicacidC32H50O4［7］
652α，3β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O4［8］
662α，3α，24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O5［8］
672α-hydroxyoleanolicacidC30H48O4［5］
682α，3β-dyhydroxyolean-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O4［13］
693β-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oicacidC30H48O3［13］
70spathodicacid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosideC31H50O7［14］
713-oxo-9（11），12-diene-30-oicacidC30H44O3［14］
723-β-（2-carboxybenzoyloxy）oleanolicacidC38H52O6［14］
732α，3β，19α，23，24-pentahydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oicacid28-β-D-glucopyranosylC30H50O9［15］
74maslinicacidC30H48O4［15］
75oeanicacidC30H48O3［15］
), ArticleFig(id=1322923053327463259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923039926661871, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物名称化学式参考文献
765-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-O-β-D-glucosylcoumarinC16H18O10［12］
771-O-（β-D-glucosyl）-2-［2-methoxy-4-（ω-hydroxypropyl）-phenoxy］-propan-3-olC19H30O10［12］
78dihydrodehydrodiconiferylalcohol4′-O-β-D-glucopyr-anosideC20H22O8［15］
79dihydrodehydrodiconiferylalcohol4′-O-β-D-xylopyrano-sideC26H28O6［15］
80p-hydroxybenzoicacidC9H8O3［17］
81fraxetinC10H8O5［18］
826，7-dihydroxycoumarinC9H6O4［18］
83chlorogenicacidC16H18O9［19］
84cryptochlorogenicacidC16H18O9［19］
85neochlorogenicacidC16H18O9［19］
863-O-coumaroylquinicacidC16H18O8［19］
87caffeicacidC9H8O4［19］
88trans-phydroxycinnamicacidC9H8O2［19］
89esculinC16H18O8［19］
90scopoletinC10H8O4［19］
91scopolinC16H18O9［19］
92isofraxosideC21H28O2［19］
935-methoxy-coumarin-7-O-β-D-glycosidaseC20H22O11［14］
94fraxinC12H10O6［15］
956′-Acetoxy-8-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-coumarinC14H12O8［15］
96p-coumaricacidC9H8O3［20］
971-O-caffeoylquinicacidC16H18O9［20］
985-O-p-coumaroylquinicacidC16H18O8［20］
994-O-p-coumaroylquinicacidC16H18O8［20］
1001-O-p-coumaroylquinicacidC16H18O8［20］
1013，4-O-dicaffeoylquinicacidC25H24O12［20］
1023，5-O-dicaffeoylquinicacidC25H24O12［20］
1034，5-O-dicaffeoylquinicacidC25H24O12［20］
104esculetin-6-O-β-D-glucosideC15H16O9［20］
105esculetinC9H6O4［20］
106scopoletin-7-O-β-D-glucoside（scoplin）C16H18O9［20］
107scopoletinC10H8O4［20］
108fraxetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside（isofraxoside）C16H18O10［20］
109scopoletin-7-O-glucose-O-xylosebC21H26O13［20］
), ArticleFig(id=1322923053415543644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923039926661871, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

藤梨根中的苯丙素类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物名称化学式参考文献
765-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-O-β-D-glucosylcoumarinC16H18O10［12］
771-O-（β-D-glucosyl）-2-［2-methoxy-4-（ω-hydroxypropyl）-phenoxy］-propan-3-olC19H30O10［12］
78dihydrodehydrodiconiferylalcohol4′-O-β-D-glucopyr-anosideC20H22O8［15］
79dihydrodehydrodiconiferylalcohol4′-O-β-D-xylopyrano-sideC26H28O6［15］
80p-hydroxybenzoicacidC9H8O3［17］
81fraxetinC10H8O5［18］
826，7-dihydroxycoumarinC9H6O4［18］
83chlorogenicacidC16H18O9［19］
84cryptochlorogenicacidC16H18O9［19］
85neochlorogenicacidC16H18O9［19］
863-O-coumaroylquinicacidC16H18O8［19］
87caffeicacidC9H8O4［19］
88trans-phydroxycinnamicacidC9H8O2［19］
89esculinC16H18O8［19］
90scopoletinC10H8O4［19］
91scopolinC16H18O9［19］
92isofraxosideC21H28O2［19］
935-methoxy-coumarin-7-O-β-D-glycosidaseC20H22O11［14］
94fraxinC12H10O6［15］
956′-Acetoxy-8-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-coumarinC14H12O8［15］
96p-coumaricacidC9H8O3［20］
971-O-caffeoylquinicacidC16H18O9［20］
985-O-p-coumaroylquinicacidC16H18O8［20］
994-O-p-coumaroylquinicacidC16H18O8［20］
1001-O-p-coumaroylquinicacidC16H18O8［20］
1013，4-O-dicaffeoylquinicacidC25H24O12［20］
1023，5-O-dicaffeoylquinicacidC25H24O12［20］
1034，5-O-dicaffeoylquinicacidC25H24O12［20］
104esculetin-6-O-β-D-glucosideC15H16O9［20］
105esculetinC9H6O4［20］
106scopoletin-7-O-β-D-glucoside（scoplin）C16H18O9［20］
107scopoletinC10H8O4［20］
108fraxetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside（isofraxoside）C16H18O10［20］
109scopoletin-7-O-glucose-O-xylosebC21H26O13［20］
), ArticleFig(id=1322923053486846813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923039926661871, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物名称化学式参考文献
1104，4’-dihydroxyl-dihydrochalcone-2’-O-β-D-gluco-pyranosideC17H16O6［8］
111（-）-epi-catechinC15H14O6［12］
112（+）-catechinC15H14O6［12］
113formononetinC16H12O4［21］
114biochnain AC16H12O5［21］
1157，4’-dihydroxyflavoneC15H10O4［22］
116（-）-epi-afzelechinC15H14O5［23］
117（+）-afzelechinC15H14O5［23］
118（-）-epi-afzelechin（4β→8）（-）-epi-afzelechinC35H52O6［23］
119（-）-epi-catechin（4β→8）（-）-epi-catechinC30H26O12［23］
120（+）-afzelechin（4β→8）（+）-afzelechinC45H38O18［23］
121（+）-catechin（4β→8）（+）-catechinC21H24O11［23］
122（+）-catechins-7-phytolC30H26O12［14］
123procyanidin B2C45H36O18［15］
124procyanidin C1C30H26O10［15］
125catechin-O-D-glucopyranosideC30H26O12［20］
126procyanidindimers（Btype）C30H26O10［20］
127procyanidintrimersC30H26O12［20］
), ArticleFig(id=1322923053574927198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923039926661871, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

藤梨根中的黄酮类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物名称化学式参考文献
1104，4’-dihydroxyl-dihydrochalcone-2’-O-β-D-gluco-pyranosideC17H16O6［8］
111（-）-epi-catechinC15H14O6［12］
112（+）-catechinC15H14O6［12］
113formononetinC16H12O4［21］
114biochnain AC16H12O5［21］
1157，4’-dihydroxyflavoneC15H10O4［22］
116（-）-epi-afzelechinC15H14O5［23］
117（+）-afzelechinC15H14O5［23］
118（-）-epi-afzelechin（4β→8）（-）-epi-afzelechinC35H52O6［23］
119（-）-epi-catechin（4β→8）（-）-epi-catechinC30H26O12［23］
120（+）-afzelechin（4β→8）（+）-afzelechinC45H38O18［23］
121（+）-catechin（4β→8）（+）-catechinC21H24O11［23］
122（+）-catechins-7-phytolC30H26O12［14］
123procyanidin B2C45H36O18［15］
124procyanidin C1C30H26O10［15］
125catechin-O-D-glucopyranosideC30H26O12［20］
126procyanidindimers（Btype）C30H26O10［20］
127procyanidintrimersC30H26O12［20］
), ArticleFig(id=1322923053663007583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923039926661871, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物名称化学式参考文献
1283β-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-oneC29H48O2［6］
129β-sitosterolC29H50O［9］
130β-daucosterolC35H60O6［9］
131stigmastane-3β，6α-diolC29H52O2［10］
132sitoindosideⅠC51H90O7［10］
133（22E，24R）-ergosta-4，6，8（14），22-tetraen-3-oneC28H40O［5］
), ArticleFig(id=1322923055328146272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923039926661871, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

藤梨根中的甾体类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物名称化学式参考文献
1283β-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-oneC29H48O2［6］
129β-sitosterolC29H50O［9］
130β-daucosterolC35H60O6［9］
131stigmastane-3β，6α-diolC29H52O2［10］
132sitoindosideⅠC51H90O7［10］
133（22E，24R）-ergosta-4，6，8（14），22-tetraen-3-oneC28H40O［5］
), ArticleFig(id=1322923055416226657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923039926661871, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物名称化学式参考文献
134physcionC16H12O5［24］
135emodinC15H10O5［24］
136emodin-8-O-β-D-glucosideC17H12O7［24］
137questinC16H12O5［24］
1381，3，8-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethylanthraquinoneC15H10O6［24］
139rheinC15H8O7［24］
), ArticleFig(id=1322923055504307042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923039926661871, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

藤梨根中的蒽醌类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物名称化学式参考文献
134physcionC16H12O5［24］
135emodinC15H10O5［24］
136emodin-8-O-β-D-glucosideC17H12O7［24］
137questinC16H12O5［24］
1381，3，8-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethylanthraquinoneC15H10O6［24］
139rheinC15H8O7［24］
), ArticleFig(id=1322923055600776035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923039926661871, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物名称化学式参考文献
140sphingolipidC19H33NO6［6］
141actinidin AC40H75NO9［11］
142actinidin BC35H68NO10［11］
143uracilC4H4N2O2［12］
144adenineC5H5N5［12］
145indole-3-carboxylicacidC9H7NO2［17］
), ArticleFig(id=1322923055672079204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923039926661871, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

藤梨根中的生物碱类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物名称化学式参考文献
140sphingolipidC19H33NO6［6］
141actinidin AC40H75NO9［11］
142actinidin BC35H68NO10［11］
143uracilC4H4N2O2［12］
144adenineC5H5N5［12］
145indole-3-carboxylicacidC9H7NO2［17］
), ArticleFig(id=1322923055755965285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923039926661871, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物名称化学式参考文献
146dotriacontanicacidC32H64O2［6］
147vanillicacidC8H8O4［12］
148di（2-ethylhexyl）phthalateC24H38O4［12］
149tachioside（methoxyhydroquinone-3-O-β-D-glucopyr-anoside）C13H18O8［12］
150isotachioside（methoxyhydroquinone-1-O-β-D-glucopy-ranoside）C13H18O8［12］
151myo-inositolC6H12O6［12］
152disaccharideC12H22O9［12］
153ceramideC14H27NO5［12］
154n-butyl-β-D-fructopyranosideC10H20O6［12］
155palmiticacidC16H32O2［12］
156stearicacidC18H36O2［12］
157hexadecaneC16H34［12］
158alkeneC32H64［12］
159（n）-tetracosanoicacidC25H52O2［21］
160stearyl-β-D-glucopyranosideC24H46O7［21］
161γ-quinideC7H10O5［21］
162sucroseC13H24O10［21］
163glucoseC6H12O6［21］
164（Z）-9，10，11-trihydroxy-12-octadecenoicacidC18H34O5［22］
165syringaldehydeC9H10O4［22］
166planchol AC14H14O6［23］
167planchol BC15H16O6［23］
168planchol CC16H18O6［23］
169planchol DC16H16O7［23］
170protocatechoicacidC7H6O4［15］
171methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoicacidC8H8O4［15］
172hydroxybenzaldehydeC7H6O2［15］
173（R，S）-coriolicacidC12H20O3［15］
174ricinoleicacidC12H22O3［15］
1754-（β-D-glucopyranosyloxy）-3-hydroxy-benzoicacidC9H8O6［15］
176monodictyphenoneC15H12O6［15］
177coumalicacidC6H4O4［17］
178quinicacidC7H12O6［20］
), ArticleFig(id=1322923055844045670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322923039926661871, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

藤梨根中的其他类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物名称化学式参考文献
146dotriacontanicacidC32H64O2［6］
147vanillicacidC8H8O4［12］
148di（2-ethylhexyl）phthalateC24H38O4［12］
149tachioside（methoxyhydroquinone-3-O-β-D-glucopyr-anoside）C13H18O8［12］
150isotachioside（methoxyhydroquinone-1-O-β-D-glucopy-ranoside）C13H18O8［12］
151myo-inositolC6H12O6［12］
152disaccharideC12H22O9［12］
153ceramideC14H27NO5［12］
154n-butyl-β-D-fructopyranosideC10H20O6［12］
155palmiticacidC16H32O2［12］
156stearicacidC18H36O2［12］
157hexadecaneC16H34［12］
158alkeneC32H64［12］
159（n）-tetracosanoicacidC25H52O2［21］
160stearyl-β-D-glucopyranosideC24H46O7［21］
161γ-quinideC7H10O5［21］
162sucroseC13H24O10［21］
163glucoseC6H12O6［21］
164（Z）-9，10，11-trihydroxy-12-octadecenoicacidC18H34O5［22］
165syringaldehydeC9H10O4［22］
166planchol AC14H14O6［23］
167planchol BC15H16O6［23］
168planchol CC16H18O6［23］
169planchol DC16H16O7［23］
170protocatechoicacidC7H6O4［15］
171methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoicacidC8H8O4［15］
172hydroxybenzaldehydeC7H6O2［15］
173（R，S）-coriolicacidC12H20O3［15］
174ricinoleicacidC12H22O3［15］
1754-（β-D-glucopyranosyloxy）-3-hydroxy-benzoicacidC9H8O6［15］
176monodictyphenoneC15H12O6［15］
177coumalicacidC6H4O4［17］
178quinicacidC7H12O6［20］
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藤梨根化学成分和药理作用研究进展
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王亚新 1, 2 , 侯国栋 1, 2 , 关永霞 3 , 赵淑秀 1, 2 , 李慧芬 1 , 林永强 2 , 刘青芝 1 , 郭东晓 2, 3
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(3): 30-41
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (3) : 30 -41
藤梨根化学成分和药理作用研究进展
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王亚新1, 2, 侯国栋1, 2, 关永霞3, 赵淑秀1, 2, 李慧芬1, 林永强2, 刘青芝1 , 郭东晓2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.山东中医药大学，山东 济南 250355
  • 2.山东省食品药品检验研究院，中药标准创新与质量评价山东省工程研究中心，中药配方颗粒共性技术山东省工程研究中心，国家药监局胶类产品质量评价重点实验室，山东 济南， 250101
  • 3.经方与现代中药融合创新全国重点实验室，山东 临沂 276006
通讯作者:
刘青芝（1985-），女，山东滨州人，副教授，硕士研究生导师，硕士，研究方向：制药工程及药品质量控制。E-mail：。
郭东晓（1984-），男，山东淄博人，主任药师，硕士研究生导师，博士，研究方向：中药、保健食品和化妆品质量评价。Email：。
作者简介:

王亚新（1999-），女，山东聊城人，硕士在读，研究方向：中药质量控制。

Research Progress on Chemical Compositions and Pharmacological Effects of Tengligen（Actinidiae Chinensis Radix）
Yaxin WANG1, 2, Guodong HOU1, 2, Yongxia GUAN3, Shuxiu ZHAO1, 2, Huifen LI1, Yongqiang LIN2, Qingzhi LIU1 , Dongxiao GUO2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Jinan 250355，Shandong，China
  • 2.Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control，Shandong Engineering Research Center for Standard Innovation and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Shandong Engineering Research Center for Generic Technologies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules，NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Gelatin Products，Jinan 250101，Shandong，China
  • 3.State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine，Linyi 276006，Shandong，China
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.03.006
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摘要
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藤梨根为猕猴桃科猕猴桃属植物中华猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis Planch.）的干燥根，是一种传统的中药材，具有广泛的药用价值。藤梨根中含有多种活性成分，目前鉴定的有178种，其结构类型多样，包括三萜类、苯丙素类、黄酮类、甾体类、蒽醌类、生物碱类等，三萜类为其主要成分（75种）。这些成分具有抗肿瘤、保肝、抗炎、抗病毒、抗血管生成、抗诱变等多种药理活性。对藤梨根的化学成分及药理作用研究现状进行了综述，以期为藤梨根的深入研究及临床应用提供参考。

藤梨根  /  三萜  /  苯丙素  /  生物活性  /  抗肿瘤

Tengligen（Actinidiae Chinensis Radix）is the dried root of Zhonghua Mihoutao（Actinidia chinensis Planch.），a plant of Actinidia genus in Actinidiaceae. It is a traditional Chinese herb with extensive medicinal values. Tengligen（Actinidiae Chinensis Radix）contains various active ingredients，178 species have been identified，and their structural types are diverse，including triterpenoids，phenylpropanoids，flavonoids，steroids，anthraquinones and alkaloids，with triterpenoids as its main components（75 species）. These ingredients have various pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor，liver protection，anti-inflammatory，antiviral，anti-angiogenic，and anti-mutagenic effects. This article provided a review of the current research on the chemical components and pharmacological effects of Tengligen（Actinidiae Chinensis Radix），in order to provide reference for the in-depth research and clinical application.

Tengligen（Actinidiae Chinensis Radix）  /  triterpenoid  /  phenylpropanoid  /  biological activity  /  anti-tumor activity
王亚新, 侯国栋, 关永霞, 赵淑秀, 李慧芬, 林永强, 刘青芝, 郭东晓. 藤梨根化学成分和药理作用研究进展. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (3) : 30 -41 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.03.006
Yaxin WANG, Guodong HOU, Yongxia GUAN, Shuxiu ZHAO, Huifen LI, Yongqiang LIN, Qingzhi LIU, Dongxiao GUO. Research Progress on Chemical Compositions and Pharmacological Effects of Tengligen（Actinidiae Chinensis Radix）[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (3) : 30 -41 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.03.006
正文
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藤梨根，又名阳桃根、猕猴桃根、猕猴梨根，为猕猴桃科猕猴桃属植物中华猕猴桃（Actinidia Chinensis Planch.）的干燥根。始载于《开宝本草》，为我国民间常用中药，《全国中草药汇编》《中华本草》以及多个省份的中草药志，如《贵州民间药物》《浙江民间常用草药》《陕西中草药》《四川常用中草药》《广西本草选编》等都有记载[1]。主要分布于我国东北、华北、西北及长江流域，日本和朝鲜也有分布。我国陕西省广泛栽培，栽植面积占全国一半以上[2]。秋季采挖，除去泥土，切厚片，干燥。藤梨根饮片呈不规则或类圆形厚片，外皮黄棕色或棕褐色，有纵沟纹，切面皮部棕褐色，木部宽，黄棕色或红棕色，有环状纹理，密布细小孔，质硬，气微，味淡。质量以整齐、皮厚、切面色红棕者为佳[3]。《中华本草》称其味微甘、涩，性凉、小毒，具有清热解毒，祛风利湿，活血消肿的功效，主治肝炎，痢疾，消化不良，淋浊，带下，风湿关节炎，水肿，跌打损伤，疮疖，肠道、胃肿瘤及乳腺癌。临床上用于治疗胃癌、乳腺癌，风湿性关节炎，淋巴性结核，跌扑损伤，痈疖等疾病[4]。
1　化学成分
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藤梨根所含化学成分复杂多样，到目前为止，从该药用植物中已分离鉴定了178个化合物，骨架类型多样，如插页ⅩⅩⅨ图1所示，包括三萜类、苯丙素类、黄酮类、甾体类、蒽醌类、生物碱类等，其中三萜类化合物是其主要化学成分，以乌苏烷型和齐墩果烷型结构存在，乌苏烷型占多数，该类化合物对藤梨根的药理活性也做出很大贡献。
1.1　三萜类
三萜类化合物是藤梨根中的主要化学成分，目前分离得到75种，占总数的三分之一以上。其中，乌苏烷型和齐墩果烷型是该类化合物在藤梨根中的主要存在结构形式。乌苏烷型又称α-香树脂烷型或熊果烷型，齐墩果烷型又称β-香树脂烷型，与乌苏烷型的不同之处在于E环上的两个甲基的位置不同。
1.1.1　乌苏烷型
目前，从藤梨根中已分离鉴定了60个乌苏烷型三萜。研究发现，猕猴桃属植物中普遍存在12-烯-28-乌苏酸三萜类化合物，且在C-2、C-3、C-23或C-24位多具有羟基取代[5]。具体化合物名称及结构式见表1和图2。
1.1.2　齐墩果烷型
从藤梨根中已分离鉴定了15个齐墩果烷型三萜，结构中大多具有Δ12双键和28位羧基，多具2α、3β羟基。具体化合物名称及结构式见表2和图3。
1.2　苯丙素类
苯丙素类化合物由苯环和三个直链碳连接构成基本母核，现已从藤梨根中分离出了34个，其中香豆素类化合物占绝大多数。具体化合物名称及结构式见表3和图4。
1.3　黄酮类
黄酮类化合物是广泛存在于自然界的一大类化合物，基本母核为2-苯基色原酮，系两个苯环通过三个碳原子连接而成。藤梨根中黄酮类化合物主要类别为黄烷类和双黄烷类。现已从藤梨根中分离出18个化合物。具体化合物名称及结构式见表4和图5。
1.4　甾体类
藤梨根中的甾体类主要是β-谷甾醇、胡萝卜苷等甾醇类化合物，从中已分离鉴定了6个甾醇类化合物。具体化合物名称及结构式见表5和图6。
1.5　蒽醌类
从藤梨根中分离出了6个蒽醌类化合物。具体化合物名称及结构式见表6和图7。
1.6　生物碱类
从藤梨根中还分离鉴定了6个生物碱类化合物。具体化合物名称及结构式见表7和图8。
1.7　其他类
具体化合物名称及结构式见表8和图9。
2　药理学
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现代药理学研究表明，藤梨根具有抗肿瘤、保肝、抗炎、抗病毒、抗血管生成、抗诱变等多种药理活性。
2.1　抗肿瘤作用
藤梨根对多种肿瘤细胞具有显著抑制作用，如口腔癌、下咽癌、喉癌、乳腺癌、食管癌、肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌、大肠癌等。
2.1.1　抗食管癌
Bax蛋白表达水平的增高和Bcl-2表达水平的降低可抑制食管癌细胞生长，促进食管癌细胞凋亡。国宏莉等[25-26]探究了两种藤梨根制剂（正丁醇药液和乙酸乙酯药液）诱导人食管癌Eca-109细胞凋亡的机制及差异。结果显示，正丁醇药液可抑制85%以上的细胞生长，抑制率高于乙酸乙酯药液，两种藤梨根制剂组中Bax蛋白、Caspase-3和Caspase-9表达明显增强，且Bcl-2表达明显降低。
田林等[27-28]将藤梨根乙酸乙酯提取物用于人食管癌细胞Eca-109细胞，与对照组相比，抑制率达77.5%，给药组Bax蛋白表达水平升高，Bcl-2蛋白表达水平降低，且呈剂量依赖性。张丽等[29]使用藤梨根正丁醇提取物干预人食管癌Eca-109细胞，抑制率达87.2%，细胞凋亡比例呈浓度和时间依赖性增加，表明藤梨根可通过提高Bax蛋白表达水平和降低Bcl-2表达水平抑制人食管癌Eca-109细胞的生长，促进细胞凋亡。
2.1.2　抗肺癌
研究发现，藤梨根提取物可以通过抑制PI3K-AKT信号通路，来抑制肺腺癌细胞生长，促进细胞凋亡。袁古治等[30]研究了不同剂量的藤梨根水提物对人肺癌细胞A549的影响。结果显示，不同浓度的藤梨根水提取均对A549细胞有增殖抑制作用，且随浓度升高，各浓度组PI3K/AKT信号通路重要蛋白Akt及其磷酸化形式p-AKT蛋白水平不断降低。
此外，藤梨根提取物可能通过改变决定性调节因子及相关信号通路，导致细胞敏感性和耐药性的改变。LV J等[31]使用两种肺癌敏感细胞H1299和H460证实了2'，5'-寡腺苷酸合成酶样蛋白（OASL）是维持肺癌细胞对藤梨根提取物敏感性的决定性调节因子之一。采用不同剂量的藤梨根提取物治疗后，OASL基因在两种细胞中上调，而PI3K抑制剂可以阻止OASL基因的表达。方亚妮等[32]将藤梨根乙酸乙酯提取物作用于人肺腺癌A549细胞顺铂耐药株（A549/DDP），结果显示，给药组可使A549/DDP细胞生长抑制和凋亡作用显著增强，表明藤梨根可有效恢复肺腺癌细胞对顺铂的敏感性和耐药性。
WANG L[33]等选择70 kDa热休克蛋白6（HSPA6）作为炎症靶点，通过比较40种类型的癌细胞系来定义肺癌细胞系中藤梨根提取物的抑制特异性和模式。结果显示，HSPA6基因缺失后，肺癌细胞的敏感程度均增加。
吴淑莲等[34]通过体外实验研究藤梨根含药血清对人肺癌A549细胞株的增殖抑制作用及其机制。与对照组相比，高剂量给药组抑制率为41.83%，凋亡系数达36.78%，含药血清组EGFR、Bcl-2蛋白的表达水平下降，而Bax蛋白表达水平增加。关英等[35]研究了藤梨根乙酸乙酯提取物对A549细胞的凋亡诱导作用。与对照组相比，实验组随药物浓度增加，细胞凋亡率升高，细胞生存素（Survivin）表达减少，且成时间、剂量依赖性关系，表明藤梨根可抑制人肺癌细胞的增殖，诱导细胞凋亡。
复方藤梨根制剂也具有良好的抗肺癌作用。YONG GUO等[36]通过建立人肺肿瘤细胞系（PG）移植瘤模型大鼠，研究复方藤梨根对PG细胞移植瘤的抗癌作用。结果显示，复方藤梨根制剂能显著抑制肺癌细胞PG生长，上调Cx43和E-cad的表达，且呈剂量依赖性关系。
姚庆华和张海波等[37-38]通过体外实验观察不同浓度复方藤梨根制剂对肺癌细胞（PG）的杀伤活性以及PG细胞内Ga+浓度的影响。结果显示，复方藤梨根制剂在10～50 mg/mL之间具有杀伤活性，呈剂量依赖性加强，且PG细胞的CX43表达以及细胞内Ca+浓度都随药物浓度的增加而增加，表明复方藤梨根可抑制肺癌。
2.1.3　抗肝癌
藤梨根还具有良好的抗肝癌作用。邢海洋等[39]将藤梨根提取物作用于肝癌细胞Bel-7402，通过体外实验研究藤梨根提取物对Bel-7402细胞的放疗增敏作用。与单纯放疗组、单纯药物组相比，联合放疗组中的Bel-7402凋亡细胞比例显著增多，细胞存活分数明显降低，表明藤梨根提取物对Bel-7402细胞有放疗增敏作用。楼丽君等[40]研究了藤梨根提取物在体内和体外对肝癌的抑制作用，发现藤梨根中的活性成分主要集中在氯仿提取物中，且对肝癌细胞的增殖抑制作用较强，表明藤梨根提取物对肝癌细胞具有一定的增殖抑制作用，其活性成分主要存在于极性较小的部分。
FANG T等[41-43]通过探讨藤梨根提取物对肝细胞癌（HCC）的抗癌活性和分子机制，发现藤梨根提取物通过体外下调DLX2表达，降低了肝癌细胞中TARBP2的高表达，导致JNK/AKT信号通路的激活减少，从而抑制HCC细胞的增殖侵袭、迁移和上皮间充质转化等恶性行为。同时还发现藤梨根提取物通过抑制EP3表达，导致HCC细胞中VEGF、EGFR、MMP2和MMP9表达降低，进而导致HCC细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的显著减少，以及HCC细胞凋亡的增加。表明藤梨根可能是治疗HCC的一种有前途的新抗癌药物或辅助疗法。
此外，复方藤梨根制剂对肝癌细胞生长也有一定的抑制作用。张虹等[44]通过体外抗肿瘤药物活性筛选的SRB蛋白染色法，研究复方壁虎藤梨根对肝癌细胞的抑制作用。结果显示，复方壁虎藤梨根的活性优于单独的壁虎粉组和藤梨根组，且在体内抗肿瘤实验中，复方壁虎藤梨根大小剂量均能抑制肿瘤生长，肿瘤抑制率可达37.9%。
2.1.4　抗胃癌
研究发现，藤梨根提取物中的三萜类成分具有良好的抗胃癌作用。刘宏飞等[45]研究了藤梨根提取物中的熊果酸和齐墩果酸对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖以及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、缺氧诱导因子（HIF）-1α表达的影响。结果显示，与模型组相比，给药组中的细胞增殖受到抑制，且细胞VEGF、HIF-1α的基因和蛋白表达水平均降低。徐楚韵等[46]研究了藤梨根粗多糖与总三萜（熊果酸、齐墩果酸）对胃癌BGC-823细胞的增殖、迁移能力的影响。与空白对照组相比，当藤梨根粗多糖浓度为0.5 g/L，熊果酸与齐墩果酸的浓度比为8∶1时，能显著抑制BGC-823细胞的增殖和迁移，且相关基因miR-630基因表达水平均呈上升趋势。
GAO Z等[47]通过建立斑马鱼异种移植模型，研究藤梨根提取物中的三萜对胃癌细胞的抗增殖和抗迁移作用及其分子机制。给药组细胞凋亡率随着藤梨根浓度的增加而显著上调，铁凋亡相关基因GPx4和xCT以及上皮间充质转化相关蛋白Vimentin蛋白和Snail蛋白的表达低于空白组。张广顺等[48]研究了藤梨根总三萜化合物对胃癌BGC-823细胞的侵袭能力和肿瘤活性的抑制作用。与模型组相比，低中高剂量组均可抑制肿瘤生长，上皮间充质转化相关蛋白N-cadherin、Snail的表达水平均下降，且表现为浓度和时间依赖性，表明藤梨根总三萜化合物具有较好地抑制胃癌细胞的侵袭能力和抑瘤活性的作用。
此外，复方藤梨根制剂也具有良好的抗胃癌作用。何好臣等[49]通过建立人胃癌裸鼠腹腔移植模型，研究了复方藤梨根制剂对人胃癌裸鼠腹腔移植瘤的抑制作用及其与瘤组织核转录因子（NF-κB p65）表达的关系。结果显示，高剂量组抑瘤率最高，可达33.3%，且随剂量增加，NF-κB p65表达量降低，表明复方藤梨根制剂可抑制裸鼠腹腔移植瘤的生长，且呈剂量依赖性关系，推测其抑制途径可能与下调NF-κB p65的表达有关。
2.1.5　抗大肠癌
杨晓丹等[50]将藤梨根乙酸乙酯提取部分体外干预结肠癌SW480细胞，给药组浓度为320μg/mL作用48 h，结果细胞凋亡率可达59.1%，与对照组相比，给药组周期相关蛋白P21、P53基因表达量增加，CyclinD1基因表达量减少，且呈时间和浓度依赖性，表明藤梨根乙酸乙酯提取部分可抑制SW480细胞的生长，促进细胞凋亡。
郭青戈等[51]研究了复方藤梨根制剂对结肠癌细胞活性的影响。通过建立Balb/c小鼠结肠癌C26细胞人工血行转移模型，将造模后的小鼠分为空白对照组、模型组、复方藤梨根制剂高、中、低剂量组，复方藤梨根制剂低、中、高剂量组与模型组比较瘤体平均靶区和非靶区比值（T/N值）和标准化摄取值比值（SUV值）明显下降。郭勇等[52]采用PET/CT成像技术，通过测定瘤体平均SUV值来评价复方藤梨根制剂抑制小鼠结肠癌细胞肺转移的作用，结果显示各荷瘤组的小鼠SUV值较空白组明显升高，高、中、低剂量给药组在第三周出现明显的抗肿瘤活性转移作用，且并无明显剂量相关性，表明复方藤梨根制剂能够抑制结肠癌细胞活性，且在体内对小鼠结肠癌细胞肺转移具有一定的抑制作用。
陈永杰等[53-54]研究了藤梨根提取物对人大肠癌LoVo细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。结果显示，当藤梨根提取物浓度为320 mg/mL，抑制率最高，达到79.48%，各实验组LoVo细胞内的Bax蛋白以及Caspase-3表达水平均高于对照组，Bcl-2的表达水平低于对照组，且呈剂量依赖性关系。同时又通过建立人大肠癌HT-29荷瘤裸鼠移植瘤模型，研究了藤梨根提取物对HT-29荷瘤裸鼠的抑制及诱导凋亡作用的影响。与生理盐水组相比，高剂量组可增强Bax、Caspase-3的表达水平，下调Bcl-2的表达，藤梨根提取物对大肠癌细胞具有一定的增殖抑制作用。
2.1.6　其他抗肿瘤作用
研究表明，藤梨根还对其他多种肿瘤细胞具有显著抑制作用，如抗口腔癌[55]、抗下咽癌[56]、抗喉癌[57]、抗乳腺癌[58-59]、抗卵巢癌[60]、抗宫颈癌[61]等。
2.2　抗炎作用
藤梨根中药制剂具有良好的抗炎作用。张秀瑛等[62]研究了复方藤梨根汤在直肠癌术后对免疫功能和炎症反应的影响。对照组接受卡培他滨联合伊立替康（XELIRI）化疗方案，试验组同时给予复方藤梨根汤，结果试验组T细胞亚群（CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+）水平和免疫球蛋白（IgA、IgM、IgG）水平均高于对照组，试验组血清中反应蛋白（CPR）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平均低于对照组，表明复方藤梨根汤有助于化疗患者增强机体免疫功能，缓解炎症反应。李昊等[63]通过使用大剂量（90～180 g）藤梨根随症加减剂量治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎，其总有效率达到91.2%。
研究发现，藤梨根中乌苏酸类成分具有明确的抗炎活性。邱吉汉等[64]通过构建LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型，对藤梨根中分离得到的三萜类化合物（46）进行体外抗炎实验。与对照组相比，各给药组均可降低RAW264.7细胞分泌的NO，以及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10的表达水平，且呈剂量依赖性。
2.3　保肝作用
藤梨根中的黄酮类化合物具有良好的保肝作用。刘雯等[65]研究了藤梨根中具有拮抗化学性肝损伤的活性成分。建立四氯化碳（CCl4）致急性肝损伤小鼠模型，测定血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）的含量，结果显示，从藤梨根乙酸乙酯相中得到的两个部位具有拮抗小鼠血清中ALT升高的活性，通过盐酸镁粉显色反应可知其中一个部位的活性成分主要是黄酮类化合物。
卢林耿等[66]研究了复方藤梨根对肝脏损伤后增生的影响，对照组为CCl4染毒组，结果显示，复方藤梨根能抑制鞘磷脂（SM）的降解，对磷脂酰胆碱（PC）的降解无明显作用，表明复方藤梨根对传递SM信号系统有负调节作用，可延缓肝脏损伤后的增生，从而起到保肝作用。
2.4　抗血管生成
藤梨根制剂具有良好的抗血管生成作用。杜英杰等[67]研究藤梨根制剂对白介素8（IL-8）诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）迁移的作用机制。对照组细胞正常培养，实验组给予不同剂量藤梨根制剂和IL-8，结果发现，与对照组相比，实验组的HUVECs的存活率、细胞迁移和侵袭数以及细胞愈合率均降低，细胞中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、单核细胞趋化因子-1（MCP-1）、趋化因子受体1（CXCR1）和趋化因子受体2（CXCR2）蛋白表达均降低，而过表达CXCR1/2可逆转藤梨根制剂的抑制作用，推测藤梨根可能通过抑制CXCR1和CXCR2蛋白表达来抑制血管内皮细胞的迁移。方红明等[68]通过建立Balb/c小鼠CT26人工种植模型，研究复方藤梨根制剂对肿瘤的抑制及其抗肿瘤血管生成的作用。结果显示，与荷瘤对照组相比，中、高剂量的复方藤梨根制剂抑制肿瘤生长作用较显著，抑瘤率分别为23.03%和32.91%，且VEGF表达水平低于对照组，表明复方藤梨根制剂可以抑制肿瘤生长，通过下调VEGF的表达，达到抗肿瘤血管生成作用。
研究表明，藤梨根中的三萜类化合物具有明确的抗血管生成作用。ZHU W J等[7]从藤梨根中分离出11种三萜化合物，并利用人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）增殖和管形成测定来评价所有这些化合物的抗血管生成活性，结果显示化合物（4、10、66）可以剂量依赖性地抑制HUVEC增殖，化合物（4、9、10、66）能够有效地抑制HUHUVEC管的形成。这些结果表明，藤梨根是潜在的抗血管生成药物或癌症治疗转化研究的候选先导药。
2.5　抗诱变作用
藤梨根对DNA具有良好的抗诱变作用。崔向清等[69-70]通过使用环磷酰胺（CP）诱变小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞DNA，研究藤梨根提取物对小鼠染色体DNA的抗诱变作用。结果显示，藤梨根提取物在相当于藤梨根生药30 g/kg·周的浓度时，能显著抑制环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核的产生，表明藤梨根提取物对环磷酰胺诱变导致的DNA损伤具有保护作用。
2.6　抗病毒作用
藤梨根具有良好的抗病毒作用。ZHANG X等[14]对藤梨根乙醇提取物进行了生物活性测定引导分馏，获得了7种化合物，LISA测定证实其中2种化合物（70、93）显示出显著地抗病毒复制活性。魏志平等[71]研究了藤梨根乙醇提取物和不同极性萃取物的抗病毒活性，发现不同萃取物的活性不同，其中水相对烟草花叶病毒（TMV）的体外钝化活性、抑制初浸染活性以及抑制增殖活性等和的抗病毒活性都较强，正丁醇相的抑制增殖活性较强，而石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相的抗病毒活性则均较弱。
3　未来展望
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藤梨根是一种传统中药材，其化学成分种类繁多，复杂多样，其中三萜类成分是藤梨根中的主要化学成分，其次是苯丙素类、黄酮类、甾体类、蒽醌类、生物碱类等。现代药理实验和临床实践表明，藤梨根具有多种药理作用，尤其是对多种癌细胞具有显著地抑制作用，包括胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌等，可以通过多种途径抑制癌细胞的恶性增殖、迁移和侵袭，促进癌细胞凋亡。除此之外，藤梨根还有抗炎、抗病毒、保肝、抗血管生成、抗诱变等作用。
然而，目前对藤梨根的研究尚且存在不足，首先，针对藤梨根中的有效成分的研究仍然相对较少，其药理作用的机制也尚未完全明确，需要进一步明确藤梨根的药效物质基础及其作用机制。其次，对藤梨根的提取分离研究大多数是用乙醇、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇等有机溶剂，而传统中药的使用方法是水煎煮，因此需要对藤梨根的水提物成分及药理作用进一步深入研究。最后，藤梨根的质量控制方法和标准尚不完善，多省地方标准中未收载含量测定项，缺少专属质量标志物，需要建立相应的检验方法和标准。
综上所述，藤梨根作为一种具有丰富化学成分以及多种药理作用的中药材，具有广阔的应用前景，需要开展进一步研究，以深入发掘更多活性成分，明确其活性机制，为其在临床上的应用提供更多的科学依据。
基金
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  • 国家重点研发计划-中医药现代化专项(2023YFC3504100)
  • 山东省重点研发计划（重大科技创新工程）项目(2021CXGC010511)
  • 山东省技术创新项目(202350100442)
  • 山东软科学研究会“产教融合研究智库专项”课题项目(SDRKX-01-202214)
  • 济南市“新高校20条”项目科研带头人工作室项目(202228096)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第43卷第3期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.03.006
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2025-03-10
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国家重点研发计划-中医药现代化专项(2023YFC3504100)
山东省重点研发计划（重大科技创新工程）项目(2021CXGC010511)
山东省技术创新项目(202350100442)
山东软科学研究会“产教融合研究智库专项”课题项目(SDRKX-01-202214)
济南市“新高校20条”项目科研带头人工作室项目(202228096)
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    1.山东中医药大学，山东 济南 250355
    2.山东省食品药品检验研究院，中药标准创新与质量评价山东省工程研究中心，中药配方颗粒共性技术山东省工程研究中心，国家药监局胶类产品质量评价重点实验室，山东 济南， 250101
    3.经方与现代中药融合创新全国重点实验室，山东 临沂 276006

通讯作者:

刘青芝（1985-），女，山东滨州人，副教授，硕士研究生导师，硕士，研究方向：制药工程及药品质量控制。E-mail：。
郭东晓（1984-），男，山东淄博人，主任药师，硕士研究生导师，博士，研究方向：中药、保健食品和化妆品质量评价。Email：。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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