Article(id=1322922863640052015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322922680609014711, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.041, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793338989409, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1739116800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793338989409, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793338989409, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793338989409, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322922680609014711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1739116800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793338945772, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340618065, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929694785536732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322922680609014711, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929694785536733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322922680609014711, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=198, endPage=207, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322922864244031793, articleId=1322922863640052015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Analysis of Chemical Components and Components Migrating to Blood of Guizhi Gancao Decoction(桂枝甘草汤)by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS Method, columnId=1256183365644968140, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Platform of Provincial Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze and identify the chemical components of Guizhi Gancao Decoction(桂枝甘草汤)and its components migrating to blood after oral administration to rats using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS method.

Methods

Chromatographic separation was carried out on XSelect HSST3 column(2.1 mm×150 mm,2.5μm)with gradient elution of acetonitrile-1% acetic acid solution as mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The column temperature was 35℃,and the detection was performed in positive and negative ion modes. The chemical components of Guizhi Gancao Decoction were analyzed according to the retention time,precise molecular weight,fragment ions,fragmentation pattern and comparison with the reference substances. By comparing the chromatographic and mass spectrometry information of blank plasma,medicated plasma and Guizhi Gancao Decoction samples,the components migrating to blood were analyzed.

Results

A total of 68 chemical components were identified in Guizhi Gancao Decoction,including 30 flavonoids,16 triterpenoids,8 organic acids,5 aldehydes,3 coumarins and 6 other components. After oral administration of Guizhi Gancao Decoction,a total of 45 prototype components were identified in rat plasma.

Conclusion

The established UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MSmethod can rapidly characterize the whole chemical composition of Guizhi Gancao Decoction and its components migrating to blood in rats,providing a basis for further study on the pharmacodynamic material basis and quality control of Guizhi Gancao Decoction.

, authors=Ran YIN1, 2, Xinying YU3, Shanshan WEI2, Chongzhen SHI2, Shuang ZHAO3, Xue WANG3, Yuanfang SUN3, Fei HAN3, authorsList=Ran YIN, Xinying YU, Shanshan WEI, Chongzhen SHI, Shuang ZHAO, Xue WANG, Yuanfang SUN, Fei HAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fei HAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322922867951796559, articleId=1322922863640052015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS技术分析桂枝甘草汤的化学成分及入血成分, columnId=1256183369033965799, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=省级项目平台, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS)方法分析鉴定桂枝甘草汤的化学成分及大鼠口服后的入血成分。

方法

采用XSelect HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,2.5 μm),乙腈-1%醋酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL/min,柱温35℃,正、负离子模式下检测。根据化合物保留时间、精确分子质量、碎片离子、裂解规律并与对照品比对,分析桂枝甘草汤的化学成分;通过对比空白血浆、含药血浆和桂枝甘草汤样品的色谱及质谱信息,分析入血成分。

结果

在桂枝甘草汤中共鉴定了68个化学成分,包含30个黄酮类、16个三萜类、8个有机酸类、5个醛类、3个香豆素类及6个其他类成分。大鼠口服桂枝甘草汤后,在大鼠血浆中共鉴定出45个吸收入血的原型成分。

结论

建立的UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS方法可对桂枝甘草汤的整体化学成分及其在大鼠体内入血成分进行快速表征,为桂枝甘草汤进一步的药效物质基础与质量控制研究提供依据。

, authors=尹然1, 2, 于新颖3, 魏姗姗2, 石崇臻2, 赵爽3, 王雪3, 孙媛方3, 韩飞3, authorsList=尹然, 于新颖, 魏姗姗, 石崇臻, 赵爽, 王雪, 孙媛方, 韩飞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=韩飞, authorNote=

尹然(1979-),女,辽宁锦州人,副教授,博士,研究方向:药物质量控制和中药药效物质基础。

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韩飞(1979-),男,山东济宁人,教授,博士,研究方向:中药药效物质基础与作用机制。E-mail:。
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尹然(1979-),女,辽宁锦州人,副教授,博士,研究方向:药物质量控制和中药药效物质基础。

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articleId=1322922863640052015, language=CN, label=图1, caption=桂枝甘草汤正、负离子模式下的TIC图

注:A:正离子模式;B:负离子模式

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922878164926886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922863640052015, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=iF2QRUNCRQpK/MOUmO2h9Q==, figureFileBig=FkqMoHcSyIrzOtt3ywH8rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922878290756007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922863640052015, language=CN, label=图11, caption=腺苷可能的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=iF2QRUNCRQpK/MOUmO2h9Q==, figureFileBig=FkqMoHcSyIrzOtt3ywH8rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922878370447784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922863640052015, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6m17qM0yrZY3s3Atkeq0kw==, figureFileBig=gtxH9NTXp12q4gVJlcsnJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922878454333865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922863640052015, language=CN, label=图12, caption=大鼠血浆样品正、负离子模式下的TIC图

注:A:正离子模式下的空白血浆;B:正离子模式下的含药血浆;C:负离子模式下的空白血浆;D:负离子模式下的含药血浆。

, figureFileSmall=6m17qM0yrZY3s3Atkeq0kw==, figureFileBig=gtxH9NTXp12q4gVJlcsnJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922878525637034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922863640052015, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号tR/(min)[M+H]+[M-H]-MS/MS 分子式鉴定成分来源
实测值m/z理论值m/z误差ppm实测值m/z理论值m/z误差ppm
11.39193.035 00193.034 283.75191.019 61191.019 73-0.64(-)129.019 03;111.008 64;87.008 68C6H8O7Citric acidc C
21.75245.076 71245.076 81-0.42243.062 19243.062 26-0.27(-)152.034 73;110.024 68;82.029 82C9H12N2O6UridinefC
31.75268.103 91268.104 03-0.44---(+)136.061 77;119.035 34C10H13N5O4AdenosinefC
42.11171.028 93171.028 800.76169.014 45169.014 251.18(-)125.024 28;97.029 37C7H6O5Gallic acidcC
52.97169.049 70169.049 540.97167.035 00167.034 980.14(-)149.024 60;139.039 92;123.045 04C8H8O4Vanillic acidcC
6*3.57155.033 98155.033 890.59153.019 27153.019 33-0.38(-)109.029 35C7H6O4Protocatechuic acidcC
75.28139.039 02139.038 970.34137.024 28137.024 42-1.05(-)119.013 53;108.021 65C7H6O3ProtocatechualdehydedC
8p5.28291.085 91291.086 31-1.38289.071 62289.071 76-0.47(-)137.023 90;123.045 04;109.029 44C15H14O6CatechinaC
95.76165.091 13165.091 010.70---(+)137.029 60;119.019 14C10H12O22-MethoxyphenylacetonefC
106.07579.148 68579.149 70-1.76577.135 25577.135 150.18(-)407.074 52;289.073 12;125.024 27C30H26O12Procyanidin B1aC
11p6.41713.230 41713.228 742.34711.215 33711.214 191.61(-)549.161 93;255.066 30C32H40O18Glucoliquiritin apiosideaR
12p7.36291.085 54291.086 31-2.64289.071 35289.071 76-1.42(-)137.024 00;123.045 01;109.029 38C15H14O6EpicatechinaC
13p7.51595.166 26595.165 750.86593.153 26593.151 193.49(-)473.111 79;353.065 03;297.076 29C27H30O15Vicenin-2aR
14p9.38565.155 09565.155 18-0.16563.141 91563.140 632.27(-)383.075 38;353.065 22;297.076 69C26H28O14SchaftosideaR
15p9.60---383.207 76383.207 530.61(-)243.101 90;203.107 85;125.060 62C20H32O7PerseanolfC
16p9.91165.054 52165.054 62-0.61163.040 10163.040 070.18(-)119.050 03;92.995 80C9H8O33-Hydroxycinnamic acidc C
1710.32183.065 28183.065 190.48181.050 74181.050 630.58(+)155.070 30;140.046 78;123.044 19;95.049 51C9H10O4Syringaldehyded C
1810.48417.117 89417.118 01-0.29415.104 83415.103 463.30(-)253.049 61;135.008 64C21H20O9Sophoraflavone BaR
19p10.84581.186 10581.186 48-0.66579.173 40579.171 932.54(-)255.066 18;153.018 69;135.008 62C27H32O14Liquiritigenin-7,4’-diglucoside or its isomeraR
20*,p11.17419.133 36419.133 66-0.71417.119 51417.119 110.95(-)255.066 64;135.008 64;119.050 02C21H22O9NeoliquiritinaR
21p11.26447.128 54447.128 57-0.07---(+)285.075 38;270.051 94C22H22O10TrifolirhizinaR
22p11.50551.176 45551.175 920.97549.161 25549.161 36-0.19(-)255.066 27;135.008 61;119.050 03C26H30O13Liquiritin apiosideaR
23p11.55579.170 84579.170 830.01577.156 80577.156 280.90(+)543.151 61;525.138 92;337.071 20C27H30O14ViolanthinaR
24*,p11.59419.133 30419.133 66-0.86417.118 93417.119 11-0.44(-)255.066 38;135.008 64;119.050 05C21H22O9LiquiritinaR
2514.10179.070 42179.070 270.83177.055 73177.055 720.03(+)161.059 63;147.044 01;119.049 38C10H10O3ConiferaldehydedC
26p14.32303.049 71303.049 93-0.72---(+)285.039 22;257.044 10;229.049 55C15H10O7QuercetinaC
27p15.02435.128 94435.128 570.84433.114 62433.114 021.39(-)271.061 77;151.003 39C21H22O10Naringenin-7-O-glucosideaR
28*,p15.88147.044 01147.044 06-0.36---(+)119.049 04;103.054 56C9H6O2CoumarineC
2916.48---361.167 21361.165 664.28(-)315.122 59;165.055 48;121.029 33C20H26O6SecoisolariciresinolfC
3016.59207.101 68207.101 570.55---(+)176.083 18;161.059 43;142.035 00C12H14O3Ethyl p-methoxycinnamatefC
31p16.81563.175 90563.175 92-0.03561.163 02561.161 362.97(-)267.066 59;252.042 62C27H30O13GlycyrosideaR
32p17.08551.175 60551.175 92-0.58549.161 93549.161 361.03(-)255.066 44;135.008 59;119.050 04C26H30O13Isoliquiritin apiosideaR
33*,p17.58431.133 36431.133 66-0.69429.119 66429.119 111.28(+)269.080 57;254.056 85C22H22O9OnoninaR
3417.58461.143 86461.144 22-0.78459.130 43459.129 671.66(-)255.066 16;153.019 23;135.008 61C23H24O106″-AcetylliquiritinaR
35p17.76551.175 84551.175 92-0.14549.162 72549.161 362.48(-)255.066 30;119.050 03C26H30O13LicurasideaR
36*,p17.87419.133 18419.133 66-1.15417.119 51417.119 110.95(-)255.065 93;135.008 56;119.050 03C21H22O9IsoliquiritinaR
37p18.62419.133 42419.133 66-0.57417.119 72417.119 111.46(-)255.066 15;135.008 61,119.050 02C21H22O9NeoisoliquiritinaR
3819.00287.091 19287.091 40-0.74285.078 06285.076 854.26(-)270.053 31;149.024 17C16H14O5Licochalcone BaR
39p19.00255.065 22255.065 190.10253.050 81253.050 630.72(-)225.054 35;135.008 45;116.995 75C15H10O47,4'-DihydroxyflavoneaR
40p19.02697.213 07697.212 700.54695.199 22695.198 141.55(-)549.162 17;531.149 72;145.029 28C35H36O15Licorice glycoside BaR
41p19.13727.223 63727.223 260.51725.210 39725.208 712.31(-)549.162 78;531.151 98;255.066 24C36H38O16Licorice glycoside AaR
42p19.16265.143 31265.143 44-0.49263.129 39263.128 881.96(-)219.138 00;203.107 41;189.091 43C15H20O4Sydowic acidcC
43*,p19.42257.080 51257.080 84-1.30255.066 53255.066 280.97(-)135.008 64;119.050 02;91.018 85C15H12O4LiquiritigeninaR
44*,p20.78149.059 75149.059 710.29147.045 06147.045 15-0.62(+)131.049 19;121.028 52;103.054 53C9H8O2Cinnamic acidcC
45p21.32269.079 99269.080 84-3.17267.067 02267.066 282.76(-)252.042 62;195.044 71C16H12O4IsoformononetinaR
46*22.87133.064 73133.064 79-0.47---(+)105.070 21C9H8OCinnamaldehydedC
47p23.66161.059 80161.059 710.55---(+)146.036 27;118.041 56;105.070 24C10H8O26-MethylcoumarineC
48p24.12897.409 85897.411 46-1.79895.398 62895.396 901.92(+)545.347 66;527.337 16C44H64O19Uralsaponin FbR
49p24.41855.397 34855.400 89-4.15853.386 72853.386 340.44(-)351.054 96C42H62O1822-Hydroxy-licoricesaponin G2bR
50p26.45985.460 82985.463 89-3.12983.448 79983.449 33-0.55(-)821.393 01;645.366 39;469.330 63C48H72O21Licoricesaponin A3bR
5128.20163.075 23163.075 36-0.82---(+)145.064 83;135.080 49;107.049 42C10H10O22-MethoxycinnamaldehydedC
52p28.61881.416 26881.416 54-0.32879.402 04879.401 990.06(-)351.053 96C44H64O1822-Acetoxy-glycyrrhizinbR
5328.92469.331 39469.331 240.33---(+)451.321 50;405.315 64C30H44O4GlabrolidebR
54p29.57469.330 60469.331 24-1.37---(+)451.320 53;405.315 43C30H44O4IsoglabrolidebR
55p32.13269.080 60269.080 84-0.90267.066 96267.066 282.53(-)252.042 56;195.044 66C16H12O4FormononetinaR
5633.90821.396 24821.395 411.01819.383 30819.380 862.98(-)351.053 86;191.034 73C42H60O16Licoricesaponin E2bR
57p34.57839.403 38839.405 98-3.10837.391 11837.391 42-0.37(+)645.360 66;487.341 83;469.331 54C42H62O17Licoricesaponin G2 or its isomerbR
58p35.73839.402 34839.405 98-4.33837.391 60837.391 420.22(+)645.358 58;487.341 74;469.331 21C42H62O17Licoricesaponin G2 or its isomerbR
59p36.30297.111 18297.112 14-3.25295.097 81295.097 580.78(-)277.086 00;233.096 48;205.100 39C18H16O4Truxinic acidcC
60*,p37.00823.407 65823.411 06-4.14821.395 87821.396 51-0.77(+)647.380 25;471.347 63;453.336 21C42H62O16Glycyrrhizic acidbR
61p38.45809.429 26809.431 80-3.14807.417 79807.417 240.68(+)633.399 17;439.357 18C42H64O15Licoricesaponin B2bR
62p38.45457.367 89457.367 620.59---(+)439.356 29C30H48O3Oleanolic acidbR
63*,p39.06823.408 63823.411 06-2.95821.396 55821.396 510.04(-)351.054 66;193.034 68;113.024 38C42H62O16Licoricesaponin H2bR
6439.98823.408 14823.411 06-3.54821.397 16821.396 510.79(-)351.052 37;193.034 52;113.024 27C42H62O16Licoricesaponin K2bR
65p40.61779.422 12779.421 231.14777.409 24777.406 683.29(+)647.378 36;471.348 05;453.335 97C41H62O14ApioglycyrrhizinbR
6641.80369.133 21369.133 26-0.14367.120 36367.118 714.50(+)313.070 98;285.075 47;270.052 09C21H20O6GlycycoumarineR
6741.99807.417 36807.416 151.50805.403 08805.401 591.85(-)453.343 66;193.034 19C42H62O15Licoricesaponin C2bR
68p42.50357.169 80357.169 650.42355.155 91355.155 102.29(-)135.044 95;121.029 28C21H24O5Glyasperin Ca R
), ArticleFig(id=1322922878638883243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922863640052015, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

桂枝甘草汤化学成分的鉴定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号tR/(min)[M+H]+[M-H]-MS/MS 分子式鉴定成分来源
实测值m/z理论值m/z误差ppm实测值m/z理论值m/z误差ppm
11.39193.035 00193.034 283.75191.019 61191.019 73-0.64(-)129.019 03;111.008 64;87.008 68C6H8O7Citric acidc C
21.75245.076 71245.076 81-0.42243.062 19243.062 26-0.27(-)152.034 73;110.024 68;82.029 82C9H12N2O6UridinefC
31.75268.103 91268.104 03-0.44---(+)136.061 77;119.035 34C10H13N5O4AdenosinefC
42.11171.028 93171.028 800.76169.014 45169.014 251.18(-)125.024 28;97.029 37C7H6O5Gallic acidcC
52.97169.049 70169.049 540.97167.035 00167.034 980.14(-)149.024 60;139.039 92;123.045 04C8H8O4Vanillic acidcC
6*3.57155.033 98155.033 890.59153.019 27153.019 33-0.38(-)109.029 35C7H6O4Protocatechuic acidcC
75.28139.039 02139.038 970.34137.024 28137.024 42-1.05(-)119.013 53;108.021 65C7H6O3ProtocatechualdehydedC
8p5.28291.085 91291.086 31-1.38289.071 62289.071 76-0.47(-)137.023 90;123.045 04;109.029 44C15H14O6CatechinaC
95.76165.091 13165.091 010.70---(+)137.029 60;119.019 14C10H12O22-MethoxyphenylacetonefC
106.07579.148 68579.149 70-1.76577.135 25577.135 150.18(-)407.074 52;289.073 12;125.024 27C30H26O12Procyanidin B1aC
11p6.41713.230 41713.228 742.34711.215 33711.214 191.61(-)549.161 93;255.066 30C32H40O18Glucoliquiritin apiosideaR
12p7.36291.085 54291.086 31-2.64289.071 35289.071 76-1.42(-)137.024 00;123.045 01;109.029 38C15H14O6EpicatechinaC
13p7.51595.166 26595.165 750.86593.153 26593.151 193.49(-)473.111 79;353.065 03;297.076 29C27H30O15Vicenin-2aR
14p9.38565.155 09565.155 18-0.16563.141 91563.140 632.27(-)383.075 38;353.065 22;297.076 69C26H28O14SchaftosideaR
15p9.60---383.207 76383.207 530.61(-)243.101 90;203.107 85;125.060 62C20H32O7PerseanolfC
16p9.91165.054 52165.054 62-0.61163.040 10163.040 070.18(-)119.050 03;92.995 80C9H8O33-Hydroxycinnamic acidc C
1710.32183.065 28183.065 190.48181.050 74181.050 630.58(+)155.070 30;140.046 78;123.044 19;95.049 51C9H10O4Syringaldehyded C
1810.48417.117 89417.118 01-0.29415.104 83415.103 463.30(-)253.049 61;135.008 64C21H20O9Sophoraflavone BaR
19p10.84581.186 10581.186 48-0.66579.173 40579.171 932.54(-)255.066 18;153.018 69;135.008 62C27H32O14Liquiritigenin-7,4’-diglucoside or its isomeraR
20*,p11.17419.133 36419.133 66-0.71417.119 51417.119 110.95(-)255.066 64;135.008 64;119.050 02C21H22O9NeoliquiritinaR
21p11.26447.128 54447.128 57-0.07---(+)285.075 38;270.051 94C22H22O10TrifolirhizinaR
22p11.50551.176 45551.175 920.97549.161 25549.161 36-0.19(-)255.066 27;135.008 61;119.050 03C26H30O13Liquiritin apiosideaR
23p11.55579.170 84579.170 830.01577.156 80577.156 280.90(+)543.151 61;525.138 92;337.071 20C27H30O14ViolanthinaR
24*,p11.59419.133 30419.133 66-0.86417.118 93417.119 11-0.44(-)255.066 38;135.008 64;119.050 05C21H22O9LiquiritinaR
2514.10179.070 42179.070 270.83177.055 73177.055 720.03(+)161.059 63;147.044 01;119.049 38C10H10O3ConiferaldehydedC
26p14.32303.049 71303.049 93-0.72---(+)285.039 22;257.044 10;229.049 55C15H10O7QuercetinaC
27p15.02435.128 94435.128 570.84433.114 62433.114 021.39(-)271.061 77;151.003 39C21H22O10Naringenin-7-O-glucosideaR
28*,p15.88147.044 01147.044 06-0.36---(+)119.049 04;103.054 56C9H6O2CoumarineC
2916.48---361.167 21361.165 664.28(-)315.122 59;165.055 48;121.029 33C20H26O6SecoisolariciresinolfC
3016.59207.101 68207.101 570.55---(+)176.083 18;161.059 43;142.035 00C12H14O3Ethyl p-methoxycinnamatefC
31p16.81563.175 90563.175 92-0.03561.163 02561.161 362.97(-)267.066 59;252.042 62C27H30O13GlycyrosideaR
32p17.08551.175 60551.175 92-0.58549.161 93549.161 361.03(-)255.066 44;135.008 59;119.050 04C26H30O13Isoliquiritin apiosideaR
33*,p17.58431.133 36431.133 66-0.69429.119 66429.119 111.28(+)269.080 57;254.056 85C22H22O9OnoninaR
3417.58461.143 86461.144 22-0.78459.130 43459.129 671.66(-)255.066 16;153.019 23;135.008 61C23H24O106″-AcetylliquiritinaR
35p17.76551.175 84551.175 92-0.14549.162 72549.161 362.48(-)255.066 30;119.050 03C26H30O13LicurasideaR
36*,p17.87419.133 18419.133 66-1.15417.119 51417.119 110.95(-)255.065 93;135.008 56;119.050 03C21H22O9IsoliquiritinaR
37p18.62419.133 42419.133 66-0.57417.119 72417.119 111.46(-)255.066 15;135.008 61,119.050 02C21H22O9NeoisoliquiritinaR
3819.00287.091 19287.091 40-0.74285.078 06285.076 854.26(-)270.053 31;149.024 17C16H14O5Licochalcone BaR
39p19.00255.065 22255.065 190.10253.050 81253.050 630.72(-)225.054 35;135.008 45;116.995 75C15H10O47,4'-DihydroxyflavoneaR
40p19.02697.213 07697.212 700.54695.199 22695.198 141.55(-)549.162 17;531.149 72;145.029 28C35H36O15Licorice glycoside BaR
41p19.13727.223 63727.223 260.51725.210 39725.208 712.31(-)549.162 78;531.151 98;255.066 24C36H38O16Licorice glycoside AaR
42p19.16265.143 31265.143 44-0.49263.129 39263.128 881.96(-)219.138 00;203.107 41;189.091 43C15H20O4Sydowic acidcC
43*,p19.42257.080 51257.080 84-1.30255.066 53255.066 280.97(-)135.008 64;119.050 02;91.018 85C15H12O4LiquiritigeninaR
44*,p20.78149.059 75149.059 710.29147.045 06147.045 15-0.62(+)131.049 19;121.028 52;103.054 53C9H8O2Cinnamic acidcC
45p21.32269.079 99269.080 84-3.17267.067 02267.066 282.76(-)252.042 62;195.044 71C16H12O4IsoformononetinaR
46*22.87133.064 73133.064 79-0.47---(+)105.070 21C9H8OCinnamaldehydedC
47p23.66161.059 80161.059 710.55---(+)146.036 27;118.041 56;105.070 24C10H8O26-MethylcoumarineC
48p24.12897.409 85897.411 46-1.79895.398 62895.396 901.92(+)545.347 66;527.337 16C44H64O19Uralsaponin FbR
49p24.41855.397 34855.400 89-4.15853.386 72853.386 340.44(-)351.054 96C42H62O1822-Hydroxy-licoricesaponin G2bR
50p26.45985.460 82985.463 89-3.12983.448 79983.449 33-0.55(-)821.393 01;645.366 39;469.330 63C48H72O21Licoricesaponin A3bR
5128.20163.075 23163.075 36-0.82---(+)145.064 83;135.080 49;107.049 42C10H10O22-MethoxycinnamaldehydedC
52p28.61881.416 26881.416 54-0.32879.402 04879.401 990.06(-)351.053 96C44H64O1822-Acetoxy-glycyrrhizinbR
5328.92469.331 39469.331 240.33---(+)451.321 50;405.315 64C30H44O4GlabrolidebR
54p29.57469.330 60469.331 24-1.37---(+)451.320 53;405.315 43C30H44O4IsoglabrolidebR
55p32.13269.080 60269.080 84-0.90267.066 96267.066 282.53(-)252.042 56;195.044 66C16H12O4FormononetinaR
5633.90821.396 24821.395 411.01819.383 30819.380 862.98(-)351.053 86;191.034 73C42H60O16Licoricesaponin E2bR
57p34.57839.403 38839.405 98-3.10837.391 11837.391 42-0.37(+)645.360 66;487.341 83;469.331 54C42H62O17Licoricesaponin G2 or its isomerbR
58p35.73839.402 34839.405 98-4.33837.391 60837.391 420.22(+)645.358 58;487.341 74;469.331 21C42H62O17Licoricesaponin G2 or its isomerbR
59p36.30297.111 18297.112 14-3.25295.097 81295.097 580.78(-)277.086 00;233.096 48;205.100 39C18H16O4Truxinic acidcC
60*,p37.00823.407 65823.411 06-4.14821.395 87821.396 51-0.77(+)647.380 25;471.347 63;453.336 21C42H62O16Glycyrrhizic acidbR
61p38.45809.429 26809.431 80-3.14807.417 79807.417 240.68(+)633.399 17;439.357 18C42H64O15Licoricesaponin B2bR
62p38.45457.367 89457.367 620.59---(+)439.356 29C30H48O3Oleanolic acidbR
63*,p39.06823.408 63823.411 06-2.95821.396 55821.396 510.04(-)351.054 66;193.034 68;113.024 38C42H62O16Licoricesaponin H2bR
6439.98823.408 14823.411 06-3.54821.397 16821.396 510.79(-)351.052 37;193.034 52;113.024 27C42H62O16Licoricesaponin K2bR
65p40.61779.422 12779.421 231.14777.409 24777.406 683.29(+)647.378 36;471.348 05;453.335 97C41H62O14ApioglycyrrhizinbR
6641.80369.133 21369.133 26-0.14367.120 36367.118 714.50(+)313.070 98;285.075 47;270.052 09C21H20O6GlycycoumarineR
6741.99807.417 36807.416 151.50805.403 08805.401 591.85(-)453.343 66;193.034 19C42H62O15Licoricesaponin C2bR
68p42.50357.169 80357.169 650.42355.155 91355.155 102.29(-)135.044 95;121.029 28C21H24O5Glyasperin Ca R
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基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS技术分析桂枝甘草汤的化学成分及入血成分
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尹然 1, 2 , 于新颖 3 , 魏姗姗 2 , 石崇臻 2 , 赵爽 3 , 王雪 3 , 孙媛方 3 , 韩飞 3
中华中医药学刊 | 省级项目平台 2025,43(2): 198-207
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中华中医药学刊 |省级项目平台 2025 , 43 (2) : 198 -207
基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS技术分析桂枝甘草汤的化学成分及入血成分
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尹然(1979-),女,辽宁锦州人,副教授,博士,研究方向:药物质量控制和中药药效物质基础。

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尹然(1979-),女,辽宁锦州人,副教授,博士,研究方向:药物质量控制和中药药效物质基础。

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尹然1, 2, 于新颖3, 魏姗姗2, 石崇臻2, 赵爽3, 王雪3, 孙媛方3, 韩飞3
作者信息
  • 1.辽宁中医药大学中医脏象理论及应用教育部重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110847
  • 2.辽宁中医药大学药学院,辽宁 大连 116600
  • 3.沈阳药科大学药学院,辽宁 沈阳 110016
通讯作者:
韩飞(1979-),男,山东济宁人,教授,博士,研究方向:中药药效物质基础与作用机制。E-mail:。
作者简介:

尹然(1979-),女,辽宁锦州人,副教授,博士,研究方向:药物质量控制和中药药效物质基础。

Analysis of Chemical Components and Components Migrating to Blood of Guizhi Gancao Decoction(桂枝甘草汤)by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS Method
Ran YIN1, 2, Xinying YU3, Shanshan WEI2, Chongzhen SHI2, Shuang ZHAO3, Xue WANG3, Yuanfang SUN3, Fei HAN3
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications,Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shenyang 110847,Liaoning,China
  • 2.College of Pharmacy,Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Dalian 116600,Liaoning,China
  • 3.School of Pharmacy,Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,Shenyang 110016,Liaoning,China
出版时间: 2025-02-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.041
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目的

采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS)方法分析鉴定桂枝甘草汤的化学成分及大鼠口服后的入血成分。

方法

采用XSelect HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,2.5 μm),乙腈-1%醋酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL/min,柱温35℃,正、负离子模式下检测。根据化合物保留时间、精确分子质量、碎片离子、裂解规律并与对照品比对,分析桂枝甘草汤的化学成分;通过对比空白血浆、含药血浆和桂枝甘草汤样品的色谱及质谱信息,分析入血成分。

结果

在桂枝甘草汤中共鉴定了68个化学成分,包含30个黄酮类、16个三萜类、8个有机酸类、5个醛类、3个香豆素类及6个其他类成分。大鼠口服桂枝甘草汤后,在大鼠血浆中共鉴定出45个吸收入血的原型成分。

结论

建立的UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS方法可对桂枝甘草汤的整体化学成分及其在大鼠体内入血成分进行快速表征,为桂枝甘草汤进一步的药效物质基础与质量控制研究提供依据。

桂枝甘草汤  /  UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS  /  化学成分  /  入血成分  /  鉴定
Objective

To analyze and identify the chemical components of Guizhi Gancao Decoction(桂枝甘草汤)and its components migrating to blood after oral administration to rats using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS method.

Methods

Chromatographic separation was carried out on XSelect HSST3 column(2.1 mm×150 mm,2.5μm)with gradient elution of acetonitrile-1% acetic acid solution as mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The column temperature was 35℃,and the detection was performed in positive and negative ion modes. The chemical components of Guizhi Gancao Decoction were analyzed according to the retention time,precise molecular weight,fragment ions,fragmentation pattern and comparison with the reference substances. By comparing the chromatographic and mass spectrometry information of blank plasma,medicated plasma and Guizhi Gancao Decoction samples,the components migrating to blood were analyzed.

Results

A total of 68 chemical components were identified in Guizhi Gancao Decoction,including 30 flavonoids,16 triterpenoids,8 organic acids,5 aldehydes,3 coumarins and 6 other components. After oral administration of Guizhi Gancao Decoction,a total of 45 prototype components were identified in rat plasma.

Conclusion

The established UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MSmethod can rapidly characterize the whole chemical composition of Guizhi Gancao Decoction and its components migrating to blood in rats,providing a basis for further study on the pharmacodynamic material basis and quality control of Guizhi Gancao Decoction.

Guizhi Gancao Decoction  /  UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS  /  chemical components  /  components migrating to blood  /  identification
尹然, 于新颖, 魏姗姗, 石崇臻, 赵爽, 王雪, 孙媛方, 韩飞. 基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS技术分析桂枝甘草汤的化学成分及入血成分. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (2) : 198 -207 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.041
Ran YIN, Xinying YU, Shanshan WEI, Chongzhen SHI, Shuang ZHAO, Xue WANG, Yuanfang SUN, Fei HAN. Analysis of Chemical Components and Components Migrating to Blood of Guizhi Gancao Decoction(桂枝甘草汤)by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS Method[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (2) : 198 -207 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.041
心血管疾病是临床常见的严重危害人类健康的疾病,包括冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常、高血压、心力衰竭等多种类型。中医药可发挥多层次、多环节、多靶点的综合作用,在心血管疾病的防治中具有独特优势[1-2]。特别是传统经方,其疗效历经几千年的历史和临床实践验证,在治疗心血管疾病方面具有重要价值[3]。桂枝甘草汤(Guizhi Gancao Decoction)出自《伤寒论》,是仲景治疗心阳虚证的经典方剂[3-5],也是国家中医药管理局会同国家药品监督管理局联合发布的《古代经典名方目录(第二批)》中的经典名方之一。该方由桂枝和炙甘草两味药材配伍而成,具有温复心阳的功效[4-5],在临床上主要用于以心阳虚为主的心血管疾病的治疗,如心律失常、冠心病、心绞痛、原发性低血压、心力衰竭、心血管神经官能症等[5-9]。
目前,对于桂枝甘草汤的相关研究报道主要涉及药效学研究[10-15]、少数化学成分定性或定量研究[16-22]等方面。现有的研究表明了桂枝甘草汤具有多种心血管方面的药理作用,但其发挥作用的化学物质基础尚未得到阐明。桂枝甘草汤的化学成分尚缺少全面、整体的分析表征,且其体内的入血成分鉴定研究亦鲜有报道。因此,有必要对桂枝甘草汤的化学成分进行系统的分析鉴定,从而阐释其发挥药效的物质基础。基于此,本实验拟应用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS)技术对桂枝甘草汤中所含有的化学成分进行定性分析,并探讨大鼠给药后其吸收入血的成分,以期为桂枝甘草汤的药效物质基础与质量控制研究提供理论依据。
Vanquish Flex超高效液相色谱仪、Q-Exactive四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱仪(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司);AG285型电子天平(瑞士Mettler Toledo公司);FA2004型电子天平(上海舜宇恒平科学仪器有限公司);KQ-700DE型数控超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司);D3024R高速冷冻离心机[大龙兴创实验仪器(北京)股份公司];SCIENTZ-10N冷冻干燥机(宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司);MTN-2800D氮吹浓缩仪(天津奥特赛恩斯仪器有限公司);GENIUS 3涡旋混合器(德国IKA公司)。
甲醇、乙腈[色谱纯,赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司]、醋酸[质谱纯,赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司]、纯净水(杭州娃哈哈集团有限公司)。
对照品新甘草苷(批号AFCG1654)、异甘草苷(批号AFCC0702)、甘草素(批号AF20050152)、芒柄花苷(批号AZBK1414)均购自成都埃法生物科技有限公司;对照品原儿茶酸(批号M11GB140672)、甘草酸(批号Y02J11L113432)、甘草苷(批号Z02M8X30249)、香豆素(批号Y29M9C57109)、桂皮酸(批号Y11M10C88100)和桂皮醛(批号B16N10C102990)均购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司;甘草皂苷H2(批号CFS202301)购自武汉天植生物技术有限公司;上述对照品的纯度均≥98%。实验用桂枝(产地广西)、炙甘草(产地内蒙古),经沈阳药科大学贾英教授鉴定均为正品。
SPF级雄性SD大鼠,体质量220~240 g,许可证号:SCXK(辽)2020-0001,由沈阳药科大学实验动物中心提供。大鼠实验饲养条件为明暗各12 h,间隔照明控制,室温为(23±3)℃,相对湿度40%~70%,实验前适应性饲养7 d。
色谱柱:XSelect HSST3柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,2.5μm);流动相为乙腈(A)-1%醋酸水溶液(B);梯度洗脱0~20 min 9%~29% A,20~30 min 29%~31% A,30~34 min 31%~38% A,34~45 min 38%~50% A,45~50 min 50%~65% A,50~50.1 min 65%~9% A,50.1~55 min 9%~9% A;流速:0.3 mL/min;柱温:35℃;进样量:5μL。
离子源:加热电喷雾离子源(HESI);正、负离子模式检测;扫描模式:全扫描/数据依赖二级扫描(Full MS/dd-MS2);扫描范围:m/z 100~1500 Da;喷雾电压:+3.8 kV/-3.0 kV;鞘气流速:35 arb;辅助气流速:10 arb;毛细管温度:320℃;加热器温度:350℃;Full MS分辨率:70 000,MS/MS分辨率:17 500;碰撞能:20、40、60 eV。
照桂枝甘草汤处方,称取桂枝6 g、炙甘草3 g,加10倍量水浸泡30 min后,加热回流提取1 h,趁热过滤,残渣再同法提取1次,合并2次滤液,滤液经冷冻干燥制得桂枝甘草汤冻干粉样品。取桂枝甘草汤冻干粉样品约70 mg(约相当于生药0.23 g),精密称定,置于具塞锥形瓶中,加入50%甲醇5 mL,称定质量,超声处理30 min,放冷,再称定质量,用50%甲醇补足减失的质量,摇匀后经0.22μm微孔滤膜滤过,取续滤液作为供试品溶液。
取原儿茶酸、新甘草苷、甘草苷、香豆素、芒柄花苷、异甘草苷、甘草素、桂皮酸、桂皮醛、甘草酸、甘草皂苷H2对照品适量,精密称定,分别置于容量瓶中,以甲醇溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,得各对照品储备液。精密移取各对照品储备液适量,置于同一量瓶中,加水稀释至刻度,摇匀,配制成混合对照品溶液。
取桂枝甘草汤冻干粉样品适量,加纯净水配制成含生药约0.48 g/mL的灌胃药液。取雄性SD大鼠5只,实验前禁食12 h,自由饮水,按大鼠体质量10 mL/kg的剂量单次给药。分别于给药前和给药后0.5、1、2 h于大鼠眼眶静脉丛采集空白和给药后血样,收集于涂有肝素钠的离心管中,4℃下6000 r/min离心10 min,分离出大鼠血浆,于-80℃的冰箱中保存备用。
将各大鼠空白血浆等体积混合,各大鼠给药后0.5、1、2 h的含药血浆等体积混合。分别取混合后的大鼠空白血浆和含药血浆各500μL,加入2 mL乙腈,涡旋混合5 min,离心(12 000 r/min)5 min,取上清液于30℃氮气流下吹干,残渣加100μL 50%甲醇复溶,超声1 min,涡旋1 min,离心(12 000 r/min)5 min,取上清液,即得空白血浆和含药血浆样品溶液。
通过查阅CNKI、SciFinder、Web of Science、ChemicalBook、PubChem和HMDB等平台或数据库,对桂枝甘草汤化学成分的相关信息进行收集整理,构建桂枝甘草汤化学成分数据库。分别取“2.2”项下制得的供试品溶液和混合对照品溶液及“2.4”项下制得的空白血浆和含药血浆样品溶液,按“2.1”项下的分析条件进样检测,得总离子流色谱图(total ion chromatogram,TIC)。利用TraceFinder 4.1、Xcalibur 4.1.31.9软件进行数据处理。
结合所建立的化学成分数据库及相关文献,通过对比各化学成分的色谱保留行为、精确质量数、碎片离子等信息,在桂枝甘草汤中共表征了68个化合物,包括30个黄酮类、16个三萜类、8个有机酸类、5个醛类、3个香豆素类及6个其他类成分;通过与对照品的色谱保留时间和质谱信息进行比较,准确鉴定了11个化合物,分别为原儿茶酸、新甘草苷、甘草苷、香豆素、芒柄花苷、异甘草苷、甘草素、桂皮酸、桂皮醛、甘草酸、甘草皂苷H2。根据未知化合物的高分辨质谱信息,推测了其他57个化合物的结构。桂枝甘草汤正、负离子模式下的TIC图见图1,鉴定的化学成分信息见表1。
在桂枝甘草汤中共鉴定出30个黄酮类化合物,其中4个来源于桂枝,26个来源于炙甘草。以化合物24和33为例说明解析过程。
化合物24的保留时间为11.59 min,在正、负离子扫描模式下检测到其准分子离子峰为[M+H]+m/z 419.133 30和[M-H]-m/z 417.118 93,预测其分子式为C21 H22 O9。在负离子模式下对其进行碰撞裂解,得到相关二级碎片离子m/z 255.066 38[M-H-C6 H10 O5]-、m/z 135.008 64[M-HC6 H10O5-C8H8O]-和m/z 119.050 05[M-H-C6H10 O5-C7 H4 O3]-。推测其准分子离子[M-H]-脱去一分子葡萄糖后得到m/z 255.066 38的碎片离子,其进一步发生RDA裂解,产生m/z 135.008 64和m/z 119.050 05的碎片离子。结合相关文献[23],经对照品比对后,鉴定该化合物为甘草苷(Liquiritin),其裂解途径如图2所示。
化合物33的保留时间为17.58 min,在正、负离子扫描模式下检测到其准分子离子峰为[M+H]+m/z 431.133 36和[M-H]-m/z 429.119 66,预测其分子式为C22 H22 O9,在正离子模式下对其进行碰撞裂解,得到相关二级碎片离子m/z 269.080 57[M+H-C6H10O5]+和m/z 254.056 85[M+HC6 H10 O5-CH3]+。推测其准分子离子[M+H]+脱去一分子葡萄糖后得到m/z 269.080 57的碎片离子,此碎片脱去甲基自由基产生m/z 254.056 85的碎片离子,结合相关文献[24],经对照品比对后,鉴定该化合物为芒柄花苷(Ononin),其裂解途径如图3所示。
在桂枝甘草汤中共鉴定出16个三萜类化合物,主要来源于炙甘草。以化合物50和60为例说明解析过程。
化合物50的保留时间为26.45 min,在正、负离子扫描模式下分别检测到其准分子离子峰[M+H]+m/z 985.460 82和[M-H]-m/z 983.448 79,预测其分子式为C48 H72 O21。在负离子模式下对其进行碰撞裂解,得到相关二级碎片离子m/z 821.393 01[M-H-C6H10 O5]-、m/z 645.366 39[M-HC6 H10 O5-C6 H8 O6]-和m/z 469.330 63[M-H-C6 H10 O5-C6 H8 O6-C6 H8 O6]-。推测其准分子离子[M-H]-脱去一分子葡萄糖后得到m/z821.393 01的碎片离子,继续脱去一分子葡萄糖醛酸得到m/z645.366 39的碎片离子,此碎片离子再脱掉一分子葡萄糖醛酸后得到m/z 469.330 63的碎片离子。结合相关文献[25],推测该化合物为甘草皂苷A3(Licoricesaponin A3),其裂解途径如图4所示。
化合物60的保留时间为37.00 min,在正、负离子扫描模式下分别检测到其准分子离子峰[M+H]+m/z 823.407 65和[M-H]-m/z 821.395 87,预测其分子式为C42 H62 O16。在正离子模式下对其进行碰撞裂解,得到相关二级碎片离子m/z 647.380 25[M+H-C6H8O6]+、m/z 471.347 63[M+HC6 H8 O6-C6 H8 O6]+和m/z 453.336 21[M+H-C6 H8 O6-C6H8O6-H2 O]+。推测其准分子离子[M+H]+连续脱去一分子葡萄糖醛酸后分别得到m/z 647.380 25和m/z 471.347 63的碎片离子,进一步失去一分子H2 O得到m/z 453.336 21的碎片离子。结合相关文献[26],经对照品比对后,鉴定该化合物为甘草酸(Glycyrrhizic acid),其裂解途径如图5所示。
在桂枝甘草汤中共鉴定出8个有机酸类化合物,主要来源于桂枝。以化合物6和44为例说明解析过程。
化合物6的保留时间为3.57 min,在正、负离子扫描模式下分别检测到其准分子离子峰[M+H]+m/z 155.033 98和[M-H]-m/z 153.019 27,预测其分子式为C7 H6 O4。在负离子模式下对其进行碰撞裂解,得到二级碎片离子m/z 109.029 35[M-H-CO2]-。推测其准分子离子[M-H]-脱去一分子CO2后得到m/z 109.029 35的碎片离子。结合相关文献[27],经对照品比对后,鉴定该化合物为原儿茶酸(Protocatechuic acid),其裂解途径如图6所示。
化合物44的保留时间为20.78 min,在正、负离子扫描模式下分别检测到其准分子离子峰[M+H]+m/z 149.059 75和[M-H]-m/z 147.045 06,预测其分子式为C9 H8 O2。在正离子模式下对其进行碰撞裂解,得到相关二级碎片离子m/z 131.049 19[M+H-H2O]+、m/z 121.028 52[M+H-CO]+和m/z 103.054 53[M+H-H2 O-CO]+。推测其准分子离子[M+H]+脱去一分子H2 O后得到m/z 131.049 19的碎片离子,该碎片离子继续脱掉一分子CO得到m/z 103.054 53的碎片离子;准分子离子脱去一分子CO得到m/z 121.028 52的碎片离子。结合相关文献[28],经对照品比对后,鉴定该化合物为桂皮酸(Cinnamic acid),其裂解途径如图7所示。
在桂枝甘草汤中共鉴定出5个醛类化合物,主要来源于桂枝。以化合物17和46为例说明解析过程。
化合物17的保留时间为10.32 min,在正、负离子扫描模式下分别检测到其准分子离子峰[M+H]+m/z 183.065 28和[M-H]-m/z 181.050 74,预测其分子式为C9H10O4。在正离子模式下对其进行碰撞裂解,得到相关二级碎片离子m/z 155.070 30[M+H-CO]+、m/z 140.046 78[M+H-COCH3]+、m/z 123.044 19[M+H-CO-CH3 OH]+和m/z 95.049 51[M+H-CO-CH3OH-CO]+。推测其准分子离子[M+H]+脱去一分子CO后得到m/z 155.070 30的碎片离子,该碎片离子继续裂解脱去一个甲基自由基、一分子CH3 OH后分别得到m/z 140.046 78和m/z 123.044 19的碎片离子,m/z 123.044 19碎片离子脱掉一分子CO得到m/z 95.049 51的碎片离子。结合相关文献[29],推测该化合物为丁香醛(Syringaldehyde),其裂解途径如图8所示。
化合物46的保留时间为22.87 min,在正离子扫描模式下检测到其准分子离子峰[M+H]+m/z 133.064 73,预测其分子式为C9 H8 O。在正离子模式下对其进行碰撞裂解,得到相关二级碎片离子m/z 105.070 21[M+H-CO]+。推测其准分子离子[M+H]+脱去一分子CO后得到m/z 105.070 21的碎片离子。结合相关文献[30],经对照品比对后,鉴定该化合物为桂皮醛(Cinnamaldehyde),其裂解途径如图9所示。
在桂枝甘草汤中共鉴定出3个香豆素类化合物及6个其他类化合物。香豆素类化合物中2个来源于桂枝,1个来源于炙甘草,以化合物28为例说明解析过程。
化合物28的保留时间为15.88 min,在正离子扫描模式下检测到其准分子离子峰[M+H]+m/z 147.044 01,预测其分子式为C9 H6 O2。在正离子模式下对其进行碰撞裂解,得到相关二级碎片离子m/z 119.049 04[M+H-CO]+和m/z 103.054 56[M+H-CO2]+。推测其准分子离子[M+H]+脱去一分子CO、一分子CO2后分别得到m/z 119.049 04和m/z 103.054 56的碎片离子。结合相关文献[31-32],经对照品比对后,鉴定该化合物为香豆素(Coumarin),其裂解途径如图10所示。
其他类化合物如核苷等,主要来源于桂枝,以化合物3为例说明解析过程。
化合物3的保留时间为1.75 min,在正离子扫描模式下检测到其准分子离子峰[M+H]+m/z 268.103 91,预测其分子式为C10 H13 N5 O4。在正离子模式下对其进行碰撞裂解,得到相关二级碎片离子m/z 136.061 77[M+H-C5 H8 O4]+和m/z 119.035 34[M+H-C5 H8 O4-NH3]+。推测其准分子离子[M+H]+脱去一分子核糖后得到m/z 136.061 77的碎片离子,该碎片离子继续丢失NH3得到m/z 119.035 34的碎片离子,结合相关文献[33],推测该化合物为腺苷(Adenosine),其裂解途径如图11所示。
将含药血浆样品和空白血浆样品的谱图进行对比,并结合桂枝甘草汤体外化学成分质谱分析数据,根据色谱和质谱信息,在大鼠血浆中共发现并鉴定了桂枝甘草汤45个吸收入血的原型成分,包括26个黄酮类,12个三萜类,4个有机酸类,2个香豆素类及1个其他类成分。空白血浆及含药血浆样品的TIC图见图12,入血成分信息在表1中标注。
桂枝甘草汤化学成分复杂多样,其药效的发挥是多种化学成分综合作用的结果。为从整体上系统揭示其化学成分信息,本研究采用UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS方法对桂枝甘草汤的化学成分进行定性表征。在正、负离子两种检测模式下,结合Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS提供的分子式、精确分子质量、碎片离子信息以及建立的化合物数据库并参考相关文献,在桂枝甘草汤中共鉴定了68个化学成分,其中25个成分来源于桂枝,43个成分来源于炙甘草。结果表明黄酮类、三萜类、有机酸类、醛类和香豆素类等成分是桂枝甘草汤中主要的化学成分。为发现并表征桂枝甘草汤体内直接发挥作用的物质,本研究对桂枝甘草汤灌胃给药后大鼠体内的入血成分进行分析。实验中为获得较多的入血成分信息,同时消除个体差异的影响,将大鼠给药后0.5、1、2 h的血浆等体积混合后进行检测。结合桂枝甘草汤体外成分进行综合分析,在大鼠含药血浆中共发现桂枝甘草汤45个原型入血成分,包括26个黄酮类、12个三萜类、4个有机酸类、2个香豆素类及1个其他类成分。结果提示,这些被吸收入血的原型成分可能是影响桂枝甘草汤药效发挥的潜在效应物质。
桂枝甘草汤作为古代经典名方,其应用历史悠久,疗效确切,具有重要的研究和应用价值。本研究应用具有高分辨率和高灵敏度性能的UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS技术对桂枝甘草汤化学成分及其在大鼠体内吸收入血成分进行快速定性表征,较全面阐释了桂枝甘草汤的化学物质组成,并初步探讨了桂枝甘草汤吸收入血的效应物质。实验结果可为该经典名方的药效物质基础与质量控制研究、临床应用与进一步开发提供实验参考和理论依据。
  • 辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2021-MS-246)
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.041
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-02-10
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辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2021-MS-246)
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    1.辽宁中医药大学中医脏象理论及应用教育部重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110847
    2.辽宁中医药大学药学院,辽宁 大连 116600
    3.沈阳药科大学药学院,辽宁 沈阳 110016

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韩飞(1979-),男,山东济宁人,教授,博士,研究方向:中药药效物质基础与作用机制。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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