Article(id=1322922882887721135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322922680609014711, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.034, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793338993995, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1739116800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793338993995, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793338993995, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793338993995, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322922680609014711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1739116800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793338945772, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340618065, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929694785536732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322922680609014711, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929694785536733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322922680609014711, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=158, endPage=164, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322922883206488240, articleId=1322922882887721135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Effect of Electroacupuncture-Guided Exosome miR-210 on Regulation of HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch Signaling Pathway in Angiogenesis after Cerebral Ischemia, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To observe the mechanism of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)/Notch signaling pathway regulated by the secretion of exosome miR-210 in ischemic stroke rats.

Methods

SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group and electroacupuncture group,with 6 rats in each group. In the later stage experiment,SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,exosome group(plasma exosome extracted after injection of electroacupuncture after modeling)and miR-210siRNA group(plasma exosome and miR-210siRNA extracted after injection of electroacupuncture after modeling). HIF-1αinhibitor group(plasma exosomes and HIF-1αinhibitor group extracted after electroacupuncture treatment after modeling),20 in each group. The modified middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)rat model was established in the preliminary experiment,and was reperfused after ischemia for 1 h. The electroacupuncture group was treated with electroacupuncture,and“Shuigou(DU26)”and“Baihui(DU20)”were selected for 30 min for a total of 3 days. The plasma exosomes of the rats in the electroacupuncture group were extracted for injection in the later experimental exosome group,miR-210siRNA group and HIIF-1αinhibitor group. After the experiment was completed,the samples were collected. The nerve function of rats was evaluated by Longa nerve function deficit score before and after the experiment. The concentration of exosomes was measured by BCA and the morphology and size of exosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of exosome signature proteins CD63,CD9 and CD81 were detected by Western blot. HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of cerebral ischemic tissue in rats. The expressions of miR-210mRNA,CD34,HIF-1α,VEGF and Notch mRNA in the exosomes of rats in the early experimental period and those in the striatal brain of rats in the late experimental period were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.

Results

Compared with those of the sham operation group,Longa nerve function scores in the model group were higher(P<0.001). Compared with that of the model group,the Longa nerve function score of rats in the electroacupuncture group was lower(P<0.05). Compared with that in the sham operation group,the exosome concentration in the model group and the electroacupuncture group was higher(P<0.001),and the presence of exosome signature proteins CD63,CD9 and CD81 was true,that is,there were exosomes in the serum extracted by electroacupuncture in the previous experiment. In the later experiment,compared with that of the model group,the percentage of cerebral infarction volume in the exosome group,miR-210siRNA group and HIF-1αinhibitor group decreased(P<0.001)and the neuronal swelling,nucleus atrophy and chromatin staining were improved in the exosome group. Expressions of miR-210mRNA,CD34,HIF-1α,VEGF and Notch mRNA were increased in exosome group,miR-210siRNA group and HIF-1αinhibitor group(P<0.05). Compared with that of the exosome group,the percentage of cerebral infarction volume of rats in miR-210siRNA group and HIF-1αinhibitor group was increased(P<0.001)and the pathological damage of brain tissue of rats in both miR-210siRNA group and HIF-1αinhibitor group was increased. And compared with those in the miR-210siRNA group,the arrangement of nerve cells was more disordered,the number of dense mass was more and the nucleus wrinkled was more serious in the HIF-1αinhibitor group. The expressions of miR-210mRNA,CD34,HIF-1α,VEGF and Notch mRNA were decreased in miR-210siRNA group and HIF-1αinhibitor group(P<0.05).

Conclusion

Electroacupuncture can alleviate nerve function injury in rats,promote the production of exosome miR-210,regulate HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch signaling pathway,promote angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia,and then alleviate cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.

, authors=Zhipeng YUAN, Hequn LYU, Chunlin ZENG, Yaoting FENG, Yongjun PENG, authorsList=Zhipeng YUAN, Hequn LYU, Chunlin ZENG, Yaoting FENG, Yongjun PENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yongjun PENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322922886868115655, articleId=1322922882887721135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=电针调节外泌体miR-210对脑缺血后HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch信号通路的影响, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

观察电针对缺血性脑卒中大鼠分泌外泌体miR-210调控缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)/血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)/Notch信号通路的机制。

方法

前期实验将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、电针组,每组6只。后期实验将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、外泌体组(造模后注射电针治疗后提取的血浆外泌体组),miR-210siRNA组(造模后注射电针治疗后提取的血浆外泌体和miR-210siRNA组),HIF-1α抑制剂组(造模后注射电针治疗后提取的血浆外泌体和HIF-1α抑制剂组),每组20只。前期实验建立改良后改良后大脑中动脉栓塞/再灌注(MCAO)大鼠模型,缺血1h后进行再灌注,电针组进行电针治疗,取穴“水沟”“百会”,电针30 min,共治疗3 d,提取电针组大鼠血浆外泌体用于后期实验外泌体组、miR-210siRNA组、HIF-1α抑制剂组注射。完成实验后进行取材。神经功能缺损评分评估大鼠实验前后神经功能,二辛可酸(BCA)法测定外泌体浓度及透射电镜观察外泌体形态大小,蛋白质印迹(Western blot)法检测外泌体标志性蛋白CD63、CD9、CD81表达,四氮唑比色法(TTC)显示脑梗死灶分布并检查脑梗死体积,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法观察大鼠脑缺血组织病理形态,透射电镜观察大鼠脑缺血侧纹状体区超微形态学变化实时荧光定量PCR法检测前期实验大鼠各组外泌体中miR-210mRNA表达和后期实验大鼠各组纹状体脑组织miR-210mRNA、CD34、HIF-1α、VEGF、Notch mRNA表达。

结果

前期实验中电针组大鼠在干预后神经功能缺损评分显著降低(P<0.001)。在干预后,与模型组相比较,电针组大鼠神经功能缺损评分显著降低(P<0.005)。与假手术组相比,模型组、电针组外泌体浓度升高(P<0.001),外泌体标志性蛋白CD63、CD9、CD81存在属实,即前期实验中提取电针血浆中存在外泌体。后期实验中与模型组相比较,外泌体组、miR-210siRNA组、HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑梗死体积百分比降低(P<0.001),外泌体组神经元肿胀、胞核萎缩、染色质红染情况均得到改善,外泌体组、miR-210siRNA组、HIF-1α抑制剂组miR-210mRNA、CD34、HIF-1α、VEGF、Notch mRNA表达均升高(P<0.05);与外泌体组相比较,miR-210siRNA组、HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑梗死体积百分比升高(P<0.001),miR-210siRNA组和HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑组织病理损伤都有所加重,HIF-1α抑制剂组相比miR-210siRNA组,其神经细胞排列更加紊乱,致密质块数量更多且胞核皱缩情况也更加严重,miR-210siRNA组、HIF-1α抑制剂组miR-210mRNA、CD34、HIF-1α、VEGF、Notch mRNA表达均降低(P<0.05)。

结论

电针可以减轻大鼠神经功能损伤同时促进外泌体miR-210的生成并调控HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch信号通路,促进脑缺血后血管新生,继而减轻了脑缺血再灌注损伤。

, authors=袁之鹏, 吕鹤群, 曾春利, 冯瑶婷, 彭拥军, authorsList=袁之鹏, 吕鹤群, 曾春利, 冯瑶婷, 彭拥军, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=彭拥军, authorNote=

袁之鹏(1998-),男,江苏南京人,硕士在读,研究方向:针灸治疗脑血管病。

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彭拥军(1977-),男,山东宁阳人,主任中医师,博士研究生导师,博士后,研究方向:针灸治疗脑血管疾病及变态反应性疾病。E-mail:。
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袁之鹏(1998-),男,江苏南京人,硕士在读,研究方向:针灸治疗脑血管病。

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Br JCancer,2008,99(8):1204-1209., articleTitle=VEGF and Delta-Notch:interacting signalling pathways in tumour angiogenesis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322922894824710408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, awardId=82174484; 81973932, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(82174484; 81973932), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322922894916985097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省第六期“333高层次人才培养工程”项目, fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322922894992482570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, awardId=Y2022ZR20, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省中医院专项(Y2022ZR20), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322922895051202827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, awardId=k2021rc24, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省中医院高峰学术人才项目(k2021rc24), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322922895122505996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, awardId=XZR2023096, language=CN, fundingSource=南京中医药大学自然科学基金项目(XZR2023096), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322922887082025160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322922887090413769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, companyId=1322922887082025160, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322922887098802378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, companyId=1322922887082025160, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南京中医药大学附属医院,江苏 南京 210029)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322922891062419696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=QwSI9lj3G0O4Ji9JqcIBvA==, figureFileBig=fCtqiNU1h9Nb+vZQWsO9CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922891133722865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各组大鼠神经功能缺损评分比较

注:1)与干预前电针组相比较,P<0.001;2)与干预后模型组相比较,P<0.005。

, figureFileSmall=QwSI9lj3G0O4Ji9JqcIBvA==, figureFileBig=fCtqiNU1h9Nb+vZQWsO9CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922891351826674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=li/ijVBMvkUHKI2yAz2Iug==, figureFileBig=66GJ8DbprTtS6fUUmdZR8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922891481850099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组大鼠血浆外泌体浓度比较

注:1)与假手术组相比较,P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=li/ijVBMvkUHKI2yAz2Iug==, figureFileBig=66GJ8DbprTtS6fUUmdZR8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922891544764660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=s7kRvOmMen/ZuNUwhUk1Ag==, figureFileBig=58uHmI0D7lqxRJv8On2gjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922891620262133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=CN, label=图3, caption=透射电镜下鉴定分离的电针组大鼠外泌体, figureFileSmall=s7kRvOmMen/ZuNUwhUk1Ag==, figureFileBig=58uHmI0D7lqxRJv8On2gjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922891708342518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=AmQV5Ts1e5mPMcU+eQQo4Q==, figureFileBig=cAApaj8kbDu3bPsewkgwzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922891796422903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=CN, label=图4, caption=WB检测各组大鼠外泌体标志物CD63、CD9、CD81结果, figureFileSmall=AmQV5Ts1e5mPMcU+eQQo4Q==, figureFileBig=cAApaj8kbDu3bPsewkgwzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922891888697592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=tlOsK7xtWHKkcZhUcxbG3w==, figureFileBig=GMXpyAkbp4kCz2Gal83SiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922892006138105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各组大鼠脑梗死组织体积比较(TTC染色), figureFileSmall=tlOsK7xtWHKkcZhUcxbG3w==, figureFileBig=GMXpyAkbp4kCz2Gal83SiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922892073246970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=71faj+edQxVfb/773TFS8Q==, figureFileBig=IYMjPJ+8H0fo3SOyxupqEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922892148744443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=CN, label=图6, caption=各组大鼠脑梗死体积比较

注:1)与假手术组相比较,P<0.001;2)与模型组相比较,P<0.001;3)与外泌体组相比较,P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=71faj+edQxVfb/773TFS8Q==, figureFileBig=IYMjPJ+8H0fo3SOyxupqEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922892220047612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=w+Q2gbwUZkgDk3uZRMp4gQ==, figureFileBig=q0O9N4MFsVmAQx4/Ncndvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922892291350781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各组大鼠脑组织形态比较(HE染色), figureFileSmall=w+Q2gbwUZkgDk3uZRMp4gQ==, figureFileBig=q0O9N4MFsVmAQx4/Ncndvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922892366848254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PrANGKcVgSN4BK7E73yQWA==, figureFileBig=8r0Eg+933SQfVm4eRHcFTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922892438151423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=CN, label=图8, caption=各组大鼠缺血侧纹状体区超微形态学比较, figureFileSmall=PrANGKcVgSN4BK7E73yQWA==, figureFileBig=8r0Eg+933SQfVm4eRHcFTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922892505260288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=nv2WuW9YXy8buWSH42gEVg==, figureFileBig=awxt4MzbuvUzSp+ckqzXxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922894182981889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=CN, label=图9, caption=各组大鼠外泌体miR-210mRNA表达比较

注:1)与假手术组相比较,P<0.01;2)与模型组相比较,P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=nv2WuW9YXy8buWSH42gEVg==, figureFileBig=awxt4MzbuvUzSp+ckqzXxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922894250090754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=WPesA0dOz9Pex4E1NRNWkQ==, figureFileBig=kfP3u5b+l2I4KodH66aRKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922894317199619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=CN, label=图10, caption=各组大鼠相关mRNA表达比较

注:1)与假手术组比较,P<0.01;2)与假手术组比较,P<0.05;3)与模型组比较,P<0.01;4)与模型组比较,P<0.05;5)与外泌体组比较,P<0.01;6)与miR-210siRNA组比较,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=WPesA0dOz9Pex4E1NRNWkQ==, figureFileBig=kfP3u5b+l2I4KodH66aRKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922894388502788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物(5'-3')产物长度/(bp)
miR-210上游:CGACGCCCGGGCAGCG145
下游:AGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATT
U6上游:CGCAAGGATGACACGCAAAT150
下游:AAAATATGGAACGCTTCACGAAT
), ArticleFig(id=1322922894459805957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物(5'-3')产物长度/(bp)
miR-210上游:CGACGCCCGGGCAGCG145
下游:AGTGCAGGGTCCGAGGTATT
U6上游:CGCAAGGATGACACGCAAAT150
下游:AAAATATGGAACGCTTCACGAAT
), ArticleFig(id=1322922894606606598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物(5'-3')产物长度/(bp)
CD34上游:CAACCACAGACTTACCCAACCG145
下游:CACTCCTCGGATTCCTGAACAT
HIF-1α上游:TTACAGGATTCCAGCAGACCCA145
下游:GCTGATGCCTTAGCAGTGGTC
VEGF上游:TAAATCCTGGAGCGTTCACTGTG145
下游:TTCGTTTAACTCAAGCTGCCTC
Notch上游:GTGCCTGTCTGAGGTCAACGA146
下游:ACAGTTTGTCCCACTCCACCC
GAPDH上游:GGCAAGTTCAACGGCACAG下游:CGCCAGTAGACTCCACGACAT150
), ArticleFig(id=1322922894711464199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922882887721135, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因引物(5'-3')产物长度/(bp)
CD34上游:CAACCACAGACTTACCCAACCG145
下游:CACTCCTCGGATTCCTGAACAT
HIF-1α上游:TTACAGGATTCCAGCAGACCCA145
下游:GCTGATGCCTTAGCAGTGGTC
VEGF上游:TAAATCCTGGAGCGTTCACTGTG145
下游:TTCGTTTAACTCAAGCTGCCTC
Notch上游:GTGCCTGTCTGAGGTCAACGA146
下游:ACAGTTTGTCCCACTCCACCC
GAPDH上游:GGCAAGTTCAACGGCACAG下游:CGCCAGTAGACTCCACGACAT150
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电针调节外泌体miR-210对脑缺血后HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch信号通路的影响
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袁之鹏 , 吕鹤群 , 曾春利 , 冯瑶婷 , 彭拥军
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(2): 158-164
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (2) : 158 -164
电针调节外泌体miR-210对脑缺血后HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch信号通路的影响
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袁之鹏, 吕鹤群, 曾春利, 冯瑶婷, 彭拥军
作者信息
  • 南京中医药大学附属医院,江苏 南京 210029
通讯作者:
彭拥军(1977-),男,山东宁阳人,主任中医师,博士研究生导师,博士后,研究方向:针灸治疗脑血管疾病及变态反应性疾病。E-mail:。
作者简介:

袁之鹏(1998-),男,江苏南京人,硕士在读,研究方向:针灸治疗脑血管病。

Effect of Electroacupuncture-Guided Exosome miR-210 on Regulation of HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch Signaling Pathway in Angiogenesis after Cerebral Ischemia
Zhipeng YUAN, Hequn LYU, Chunlin ZENG, Yaoting FENG, Yongjun PENG
Affiliations
  • Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu,China
出版时间: 2025-02-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.034
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目的

观察电针对缺血性脑卒中大鼠分泌外泌体miR-210调控缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)/血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)/Notch信号通路的机制。

方法

前期实验将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、电针组,每组6只。后期实验将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、外泌体组(造模后注射电针治疗后提取的血浆外泌体组),miR-210siRNA组(造模后注射电针治疗后提取的血浆外泌体和miR-210siRNA组),HIF-1α抑制剂组(造模后注射电针治疗后提取的血浆外泌体和HIF-1α抑制剂组),每组20只。前期实验建立改良后改良后大脑中动脉栓塞/再灌注(MCAO)大鼠模型,缺血1h后进行再灌注,电针组进行电针治疗,取穴“水沟”“百会”,电针30 min,共治疗3 d,提取电针组大鼠血浆外泌体用于后期实验外泌体组、miR-210siRNA组、HIF-1α抑制剂组注射。完成实验后进行取材。神经功能缺损评分评估大鼠实验前后神经功能,二辛可酸(BCA)法测定外泌体浓度及透射电镜观察外泌体形态大小,蛋白质印迹(Western blot)法检测外泌体标志性蛋白CD63、CD9、CD81表达,四氮唑比色法(TTC)显示脑梗死灶分布并检查脑梗死体积,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法观察大鼠脑缺血组织病理形态,透射电镜观察大鼠脑缺血侧纹状体区超微形态学变化实时荧光定量PCR法检测前期实验大鼠各组外泌体中miR-210mRNA表达和后期实验大鼠各组纹状体脑组织miR-210mRNA、CD34、HIF-1α、VEGF、Notch mRNA表达。

结果

前期实验中电针组大鼠在干预后神经功能缺损评分显著降低(P<0.001)。在干预后,与模型组相比较,电针组大鼠神经功能缺损评分显著降低(P<0.005)。与假手术组相比,模型组、电针组外泌体浓度升高(P<0.001),外泌体标志性蛋白CD63、CD9、CD81存在属实,即前期实验中提取电针血浆中存在外泌体。后期实验中与模型组相比较,外泌体组、miR-210siRNA组、HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑梗死体积百分比降低(P<0.001),外泌体组神经元肿胀、胞核萎缩、染色质红染情况均得到改善,外泌体组、miR-210siRNA组、HIF-1α抑制剂组miR-210mRNA、CD34、HIF-1α、VEGF、Notch mRNA表达均升高(P<0.05);与外泌体组相比较,miR-210siRNA组、HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑梗死体积百分比升高(P<0.001),miR-210siRNA组和HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑组织病理损伤都有所加重,HIF-1α抑制剂组相比miR-210siRNA组,其神经细胞排列更加紊乱,致密质块数量更多且胞核皱缩情况也更加严重,miR-210siRNA组、HIF-1α抑制剂组miR-210mRNA、CD34、HIF-1α、VEGF、Notch mRNA表达均降低(P<0.05)。

结论

电针可以减轻大鼠神经功能损伤同时促进外泌体miR-210的生成并调控HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch信号通路,促进脑缺血后血管新生,继而减轻了脑缺血再灌注损伤。

缺血性脑卒中  /  外泌体  /  miR-210  /  HIF-1α  /  VEGF  /  Notch
Objective

To observe the mechanism of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)/Notch signaling pathway regulated by the secretion of exosome miR-210 in ischemic stroke rats.

Methods

SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group and electroacupuncture group,with 6 rats in each group. In the later stage experiment,SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,exosome group(plasma exosome extracted after injection of electroacupuncture after modeling)and miR-210siRNA group(plasma exosome and miR-210siRNA extracted after injection of electroacupuncture after modeling). HIF-1αinhibitor group(plasma exosomes and HIF-1αinhibitor group extracted after electroacupuncture treatment after modeling),20 in each group. The modified middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)rat model was established in the preliminary experiment,and was reperfused after ischemia for 1 h. The electroacupuncture group was treated with electroacupuncture,and“Shuigou(DU26)”and“Baihui(DU20)”were selected for 30 min for a total of 3 days. The plasma exosomes of the rats in the electroacupuncture group were extracted for injection in the later experimental exosome group,miR-210siRNA group and HIIF-1αinhibitor group. After the experiment was completed,the samples were collected. The nerve function of rats was evaluated by Longa nerve function deficit score before and after the experiment. The concentration of exosomes was measured by BCA and the morphology and size of exosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of exosome signature proteins CD63,CD9 and CD81 were detected by Western blot. HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of cerebral ischemic tissue in rats. The expressions of miR-210mRNA,CD34,HIF-1α,VEGF and Notch mRNA in the exosomes of rats in the early experimental period and those in the striatal brain of rats in the late experimental period were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.

Results

Compared with those of the sham operation group,Longa nerve function scores in the model group were higher(P<0.001). Compared with that of the model group,the Longa nerve function score of rats in the electroacupuncture group was lower(P<0.05). Compared with that in the sham operation group,the exosome concentration in the model group and the electroacupuncture group was higher(P<0.001),and the presence of exosome signature proteins CD63,CD9 and CD81 was true,that is,there were exosomes in the serum extracted by electroacupuncture in the previous experiment. In the later experiment,compared with that of the model group,the percentage of cerebral infarction volume in the exosome group,miR-210siRNA group and HIF-1αinhibitor group decreased(P<0.001)and the neuronal swelling,nucleus atrophy and chromatin staining were improved in the exosome group. Expressions of miR-210mRNA,CD34,HIF-1α,VEGF and Notch mRNA were increased in exosome group,miR-210siRNA group and HIF-1αinhibitor group(P<0.05). Compared with that of the exosome group,the percentage of cerebral infarction volume of rats in miR-210siRNA group and HIF-1αinhibitor group was increased(P<0.001)and the pathological damage of brain tissue of rats in both miR-210siRNA group and HIF-1αinhibitor group was increased. And compared with those in the miR-210siRNA group,the arrangement of nerve cells was more disordered,the number of dense mass was more and the nucleus wrinkled was more serious in the HIF-1αinhibitor group. The expressions of miR-210mRNA,CD34,HIF-1α,VEGF and Notch mRNA were decreased in miR-210siRNA group and HIF-1αinhibitor group(P<0.05).

Conclusion

Electroacupuncture can alleviate nerve function injury in rats,promote the production of exosome miR-210,regulate HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch signaling pathway,promote angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia,and then alleviate cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.

ischemic stroke  /  exosome  /  miR-210  /  HIF-1α  /  VEGF  /  Notch
袁之鹏, 吕鹤群, 曾春利, 冯瑶婷, 彭拥军. 电针调节外泌体miR-210对脑缺血后HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch信号通路的影响. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (2) : 158 -164 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.034
Zhipeng YUAN, Hequn LYU, Chunlin ZENG, Yaoting FENG, Yongjun PENG. Effect of Electroacupuncture-Guided Exosome miR-210 on Regulation of HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch Signaling Pathway in Angiogenesis after Cerebral Ischemia[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (2) : 158 -164 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.034
脑卒中[1]是全球发病率、致死致残率最高的疾病之一,其致死致残率高居世界疾病排名前2位。脑卒中分为缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑卒中,具有起病迅速、病程漫长、治疗措施受限的特点,其中缺血性脑卒中占全球卒中发病总数的62.4%。目前临床中首选静脉溶栓[2]治疗缺血性脑卒中,虽然疗效显著,但由于其严格的时间窗口限制,并有可能发生脑缺血再灌注损伤(CIRI)进一步加重脑组织损伤,因此探究脑卒中新的治疗方法具有重要意义。
血管新生[3](angiogenesis)是指在原有的血管基础上,内皮细胞出现增殖、迁移和重塑,以出芽的方式生成新的血管从而满足局部组织的生物学功能需要的过程。一系列研究[4-6]发现脑卒中发生后脑部缺血区域的血管新生可以增加新的侧支循环,阻止受到损伤的神经元进一步加重,也可以为神经结构塑造良好的微环境,有利于神经功能的恢复。缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)/血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)/Notch信号通路是脑缺血后调控血管新生的重要通路,研究[7]发现VEGF位于Notch信号的上游,而缺氧后HIF-1α[8]又能够诱导VEGF的表达,促进血管新生。REN L J等[9]发现通过外泌体包含的miR-210可以显著上调Notch信号分子的表达,促进血管新生;RAHMATI M等[10]发现miR-210与HIF-1α的表达存在关联,有望成为诊断和预测缺血性脑卒中的全新方式。因此基于外泌体miR-210介导的HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch信号通路可能是调节血管新生影响缺血性脑卒中神经细胞恢复的重要节点。大量临床研究[11-14]表明,电针可以增加脑部缺血区新生血管数量,增加脑血流量;还可以促进侧支循环的建立,影响神经血管单元的重建,改善神经功能。相关动物实验[15]也表明电针通过促进血管生长因子的表达,从而起到调节血管新生的良性作用。组内前期课题实验研究[16]结果显示,大鼠脑缺血后,经电针治疗,miR-210的表达显著增加,VEGF表达亦上升。但电针调控外泌体miR-210表达水平和HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch信号通路的关系还需要进一步研究。因此本研究基于外泌体miR-210调控的HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch信号通路探讨电针促进脑缺血后血管新生过程中相关因子的变化,为临床上电针治疗缺血性脑卒中提供相关理论依据。
实验使用SPF级成年雄性健康SD大鼠,6~8周龄,体质量200~250 g,均购自扬州大学,生产许可证号:SCXK(苏)2017-0007,使用许可证号:SYXK(苏)2017-0069。大鼠均饲养于20~25℃,湿度55%,每日光照12 h,环境安静且自由饮食饮水环境中。适应性喂养1周后,由研究员通过个人计算机使用随机数字表法进行分组,共分为假手术组、模型组、电针组,每组6只。本实验方案已通过南京中医药大学附属医院实验动物研究伦理审查,伦理号:2021DW-40-01。
实验使用SPF级成年雄性健康SD大鼠,6~8周龄,体质量200~250 g,大鼠来源、饲养条件同前期实验。由研究员通过个人计算机使用随机数字表法进行分组,共分为假手术组、模型组、外泌体组(造模后注射电针治疗后提取的血浆外泌体组),miR-210 siRNA组(造模后注射电针治疗后提取的血浆外泌体和miR-210 siRNA组),HIF-1α抑制剂组(造模后注射电针治疗后提取的血浆外泌体和HIF-1α抑制剂组),每组30只。
主要仪器:低速台式离心机(TDL-50B,上海安亭科学仪器厂),超低温冷冻储存箱(DW-HL328,中科美菱低温科技有限公司),AB Step One plus实时荧光PCR系统(Applied Biosystems AB,美国),凝胶成像仪稳压DNA电泳仪(Tanon,中国),Tanon-1600凝胶成像系统(Tanon,中国),脑立体定位仪(北京金源科创科技有限公司),电针治疗仪(G6805-Ⅱ,SMIF,中国上海),一次性针灸针(0.25 mm×15 mm,苏州医疗用品厂有限公司),GDS8000凝胶扫描系统(UVP,美国)。
主要试剂:无水乙醇(川东化工,中国),异氟烷(H20020267,鲁南贝特制药有限公司),PBS粉末(中山,北京),BCA试剂盒(71285-M,Millipore),TaKaRa MiniBEST U-niversal RNA提取试剂盒(9767,takara,日本),PrimeScriptTMⅡ1st Strand cDNA反转录试剂盒(6210A,takara,日本),AceQ®qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix(Q111-02,Vazyme,中国),TTC溶液(Sigma,美国),DEPC处理水(B501005,生工,中国)。
参考文献[17]制备MCAO大鼠模型,实验大鼠使用1%戊巴比妥钠按照40 mg/kg腹腔注射麻醉后,仰卧固定在手术台,使用75%酒精消毒颈部,于颈部正中处切口,分离后充分暴露右侧颈总动脉(CCA),并对其近心端进行结扎,同时结扎颈外动脉(ECA),用动脉夹夹闭颈内动脉(ICA),于CCA分叉处放置一根未收紧线结的丝线,并在此线结下端剪开切口,插入制备好的栓线,收紧线结,松开动脉夹,将栓线送入颅内,遇阻力后停止,插线成功即为脑缺血开始,缺血1 h后实行再灌注。
造模成功标准:使用激光多普勒血流仪监测,脑缺血开始[17]时血流仪可检测到皮层脑血流骤然下降至造模前15%以下,代表局部脑缺血模型制备成功。
实验中电针组于造模成功后5 min,使用75%酒精消毒穴位所在皮肤,使用一次性针灸针针灸大鼠的“水沟”“百会”,穴位定位参照文献[18],向后斜刺3 mm。使用G6805-Ⅱ型电针治疗仪,电针水沟、百会穴,示波器监测电流强度为0.8~1.3 mA,采用疏密波,疏波频率3.65 Hz,持续1.16 s:密波频率6.35 Hz,持续2.06 s,电针治疗时间30 min,每天1次,共治疗3 d。
前期实验干预完成后,各组实验鼠同一时间进行称重,使用1%戊巴比妥钠麻醉后,剪开颈部皮肤,分离静脉后用一次性采血针采血至含有乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)或肝素钠抗凝的真空管中,放入离心机中3000 r/min离心20 min,用移液器将血浆上清液转移至EP管中,用2000 r/min,4℃离心20 min去除细胞碎片,再经过10 000 r/min,4℃离心30 min,去除粒径大于200 nm的颗粒,将上清液经0.22μm孔径的滤膜过滤,过滤后使用超高速离心机给予110 000 r/min,4℃离心1 h,然后用20 mL的PBS的重悬离心所得的颗粒,并洗涤1次,再次给予110 000 r/min,4℃离心1 h,然后用100 mL的PBS的重悬离心所得的外泌体,放置于-80℃冰箱保存。
在对假手术组、模型组、电针组所得外泌体进行成分差异性鉴定后,通过实验实时荧光定量PCR发现电针组外泌体miR-210分泌明显上升,因此后期实验中选取电针组血浆外泌体进行处理。
外泌体组大鼠建模成功5 min后,根据文献[19]于右侧脑室矢状旁1 mm,冠状缝后1.5 mm,进针深度1.5 mm处注射前期实验所得电针治疗后提取的血浆外泌体20μL;miR-210siRNA组大鼠建模成功5 min后,于右侧脑室矢状旁1 mm,冠状缝后1.5 mm,进针深度1.5 mm处注射前期实验所得电针治疗后提取的血浆外泌体及miR-210 siRNA质粒20μL;HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠建模成功5 min后,于右侧脑室矢状旁1 mm,冠状缝后1.5 mm,进针深度1.5 mm处注射前期实验所得电针治疗后提取的血浆外泌体及HIF-1α抑制剂20μL。术后室温维持在20~25℃。
后期实验中5组大鼠同一时间称重,使用1%戊巴比妥钠麻醉。大鼠断头取脑,将其中6只放入平皿中,放置于-20℃冰箱保存用于TTC染色检测,6只脑组织放入-80℃冰箱保存用作后续QPCR检测。
每组随机选择3只大鼠用生理盐水和4%多聚甲醛进行心脏灌注后断头取脑,将其中6只脑组织放入4%多聚甲醛中固定保存用作后续HE检测,3只脑组织分离右侧纹状体区并切成为1 mm3的正方体放入2.5%戊二醛中保存用作后续透射电镜观察。
所有大鼠于再灌注24 h后进行神经功能缺损评分。评分细则如下。0分:大鼠无任何不对称活动;1分:提起尾巴时左前爪不能完全伸展;2分:在1分的基础上合并左前肢活动障碍;3分:左前肢紧贴胸部;4分:自由活动时向左侧转弯;5分:伴明显左前爪后推动作;6分:只能围绕原点旋转;7分:左侧肢体完全不能支撑身体,只可左侧偏躺。
使用BCA试剂盒检测前期实验所得的外泌体,严格按照试剂盒使用说明进行工作液配置、稀释、孵育,用水较零,在20 min内检测完所有样品,根据标准曲线计算出外泌体样品的蛋白浓度。将电针组血浆外泌体单独取出,通过PBS稀释后固定在载样铜网上,进行反差增强及包埋样本后在70 kV下观察拍摄电镜照片并保存。
取前期实验所得外泌体通过裂解液提取总蛋白,使用BCA试剂盒测定蛋白浓度。上样20μg,电泳(浓缩胶:80 V,15 min;分离胶:120 V,50 min),结束后转移到聚二偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜上,用Tween-20缓冲盐溶液(TBST)冲洗,5%脱脂牛奶室温密封1 h后,一抗(兔来源CD63、CD9、CD81,1∶1000)4℃孵育过夜。洗膜后二抗(HRP标记山羊抗兔IgG,1∶1000)室温孵育1.5 h,TBST洗膜,使用ECL曝光液进行曝光检测。
将大脑取出置于-80℃冰箱中5 min,之后以2 mm为厚度进行切片,完成后将切片置于1%TTC染液中,于37℃恒温水箱内孵育15 min,后将染色完成的切片取出置于4%多聚甲醛中固定24 h,使用相机拍照,并通过Image J 1.51软件进行计算脑梗死面积,梗死面积占比(%)=(梗死面积÷切片总面积)×100%。
取出4%多聚甲醛固定完成的组织,乙醇梯度脱水,二甲苯透明,进行组织石蜡制作,将石蜡切片后使用二甲苯进行脱蜡,乙醇梯度复水,苏木素—伊红染色后使用中性树脂封片,在光学显微镜下观察脑缺血组织病理形态变化并拍照采集图像。
将取材中获得的1 mm3正方体组织于2.5%戊二醛中4℃固定2~4 h,后用0.1 mol/L磷酸漂洗液漂洗3次,每次15 min,后将样品置于1%锇酸4℃固定2 h;样品依次入乙醇中梯度脱水,每次15 min,100%环氧丙烷3次,每次5 min,环氧丙烷+包埋液(2∶1)浸透2 h,环氧丙烷+包埋液(1∶2)浸透3 h,纯包埋液室温过夜,更换后室温3~4 h,于包埋板上包埋。后于60℃烘箱48 h聚合,粗修后切片,切片厚度70 nm,铜网捞片,3%醋酸铀饱和酒精溶液染色8 min,70%酒精清洗3次,ddH2O清洗3次;2.7%枸橼酸铅溶液染色8 min;ddH2O清洗3次,滤纸稍吸干。采用透射电子显微镜观察并采集图像。
前期实验:取离心获得的外泌体,Trizol法提取总RNA,使用Prime-ScriptTMⅡ1st Strand cDNA反转录试剂盒将RNA反转录成cDNA,通过AceQ系统进行实时荧光定量PCR检测。反应体系:上游引物0.4μL、下游引物0.4μL、2×SYBR预混液5μL、模板cDNA1μL、50×ROX参比染料0.2μL,ddH2O定容至10 μL。反应程序:95℃预变性5 min,95℃变性10 s,60℃退火延伸30 s,40个循环,溶解曲线采集(95℃,15 s;60℃,1 min;95℃,15 s)。以U6作为内参,结果采用2-ΔΔCt法计算,引物序列见表1。
后期实验:取出-80℃保存的脑组织样本,重复前期实时荧光定量PCR法。反应体系:上游引物0.4μL、下游引物0.4 μL、2×SYBR预混液5μL、模板cDNA1μL、50×ROX参比染料0.2μL,ddH2O定容至10μL。反应程序:94℃预变性5 min,94℃变性10 s,60℃退火延伸30 s,40个循环,溶解曲线采集(95℃,15 s;60℃,1 min;95℃,15 s)。以GAPDH作为内参,结果采用2-ΔΔCt法计算,引物序列见表2。
数据采用GraphPad Prism8.0.1软件进行统计分析。进行正态性检验后且符合正态分布的计量资料用均数±标准误()表示,方差齐时,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用LSD法;若数据不符合正态分布或方差不齐时,组间比较采用多组独立样本秩和检验,组间比较采用成组秩和检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
假手术组大鼠神经功能正常,评分均为0。电针组大鼠在干预后神经功能缺损评分显著降低(P<0.001)。在干预后,与模型组相比较,电针组大鼠神经功能缺损评分显著降低(P<0.005)。相关结果见插页ⅩⅩⅪ图1。
假手术组、模型组、电针组所提取血浆均检测到外泌体,与假手术组相比,模型组、电针组外泌体浓度升高(P<0.001)。见插页ⅩⅩⅪ图2。
电针组血浆外泌体在透射电镜下形态一般为20~100 nm圆形或椭圆形的小囊泡结构,其表面具有一层胞膜结构,厚度在3~5 nm,可在其中观察到多种生物分子,但由于在超速离心过程中会对外泌体造成一定的影响,使外泌体的结构变化不是特别的典型。见插页ⅩⅩⅪ图3。
由于CD63、CD9、CD81均为外泌体特异性标志性蛋白,从定性角度分析上述标志物均有表达,即证实前期实验中所得血浆中存在外泌体,后期实验注射血浆中外泌体存在属实。见图4。
假手术组大脑正常组织呈红色,无梗死灶;模型组、外泌体组、miR-210siRNA组、HIF-1α抑制剂组均出现白色脑梗死灶。经由数据处理后可得,与假手术组相比较,模型组大鼠脑梗死体积百分比显著升高(P<0.001);与模型组相比较,外泌体组、miR-210siRNA组、HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑梗死体积百分比降低(P<0.001);与外泌体组相比较,miR-210siRNA组、HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑梗死体积百分比升高(P<0.001)。见插页ⅩⅩⅫ图5、插页ⅩⅩⅪ图6。
在光学显微镜下观察各组大鼠脑组织后可发现,假手术组脑组织结构正常且清晰完整,无细胞肿胀或充血,同时可观测到大鼠神经细胞排布整齐,神经元胞浆丰盈,胞核居中,核仁染色深。模型组可见大量神经细胞消失且排布紊乱,细胞形态肿胀,细胞膜破裂,胞核皱缩,染色质浓缩红染,形成致密质块,并同时可见凋亡小体。与模型组相比,外泌体组神经元肿胀、胞核萎缩、染色质红染情况均得到改善。与外泌体组相比,miR-210siRNA组和HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑组织病理损伤都有所加重,而HIF-1α抑制剂组相比miR-210siRNA组,其神经细胞排列更加紊乱,致密质块数量更多且胞核皱缩情况也更加严重,如插页ⅩⅩⅩⅢ图7。
在透射电镜下可观察到假手术组细胞结构清晰,细胞膜状态光滑完整,细胞器数量大小正常,染色质均匀,细胞核完整,细胞整体状态良好。模型组可观察到细胞受到明显损伤,细胞膜破裂,细胞器可见明显扩张,细胞核固缩,可见密集束以及空泡形成。与模型组相比,外泌体组细胞膜破裂、胞核萎缩、细胞器扩张情况得到改善,细胞状态有所好转,与外泌体组相比,电镜观察下可见miR-210siRNA组和HIF-1α抑制剂组的细胞病理损伤都有所加重,但比模型组细胞状态好。HIF-1α抑制剂组相比miR-210siRNA组,其细胞状态更差。如插页ⅩⅩⅩⅣ图8。
前期实验中可发现,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠所提取外泌体中miR-210 mRNA表达升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比较,电针组大鼠所提取外泌体中miR-210 mRNA表达升高(P<0.01)。见插页ⅩⅩⅪ图9。
后期实验中可发现,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑组织miR-210mRNA表达升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,外泌体组大鼠脑组织miR-210 mRNA表达升高(P<0.01);与外泌体组比较,miR-210 siRNA组和HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑组织miR-210 mRNA表达降低(P<0.01);与miR-210 siRNA组相比较,HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑组织miR-210 mRNA表达升高(P<0.05)。
与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑组织CD34 mRNA表达升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,外泌体组大鼠脑组织CD34 mRNA表达升高(P<0.05);与外泌体组比较,miR-210 siRNA组和HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑组织CD34 mRNA表达降低(P<0.01);与miR-210 siRNA组相比较,HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑组织CD34 mRNA表达升高(P<0.05)。
与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑组织HIF-1αmRNA表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,外泌体组大鼠脑组织HIF-1αmRNA表达升高(P<0.01);与外泌体组比较,miR-210 siRNA组和HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑组织HIF-1αmRNA表达降低(P<0.01);与miR-210 siRNA组相比较,HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑组织HIF-1αmRNA表达升高(P<0.05)。
与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑组织VEGF mRNA表达升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,外泌体组大鼠脑组织VEGF mRNA表达升高(P<0.01);与外泌体组比较,miR-210 siRNA组和HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑组织VEGF mRNA表达降低(P<0.01);与miR-210 siRNA组相比较,HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑组织VEGF mRNA表达升高(P<0.05)。
与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑组织Notch mRNA表达升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,外泌体组大鼠脑组织Notch mRNA表达升高(P<0.01);与外泌体组比较,miR-210 siRNA组和HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑组织Notch mRNA表达降低(P<0.01);与miR-210 siRNA组相比较,HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑组织Notch mRNA表达升高(P<0.05)。见插页ⅩⅩⅩⅤ图10。
缺血性脑卒中属于中医“中风病”范畴,多因风、火、痰、瘀为患,病机总属阴阳失调、气血逆乱。主要表现为突然昏仆、半身不遂、偏身麻木等。经文献数据[20-21]挖掘后可知,在临床治疗急性缺血性脑卒中,百会、水沟为督脉中取穴频率最高的两个穴位。研究[22]认为中风后针刺百会可升阳固脱、镇惊息风、醒脑开窍。百会[23]为三阳五会之穴,为诸阳之会,可通达阴阳脉络,连贯周身经穴,调节机体阴阳平衡。百会[24]其下为脑之所在,是调神要穴,因而补益脑髓,应用于各种脑部疾病。
本次研究结果显示,与模型组相比较,电针组大鼠Longa神经功能评分降低,说明电针百会、水沟可以减轻大鼠神经功能损伤;实验中在电镜下成功观察到外泌体形态并且在电针血浆中成功检测到外泌体特异性标志性蛋白[25]CD63、CD9、CD81,前期实验中在实时荧光定量PCR实验中对各组外泌体进行成分差异性鉴定发现与模型组相比较,电针组大鼠所提取外泌体中miR-210 mRNA表达升高,说明电针可以促进MCAO大鼠外泌体miR-210生成。佐证了电针具有促进外泌体miR-210表达的特异性作用。进而验证后期实验中所使用的电针血浆中含有足量外泌体miR-210,故可以推测通过电针MCAO大鼠模型可以促进外泌体miR-210的生成进而减轻大鼠神经功能损伤。
后期实验中加入的miR-210siRNA可以通过互补mRNA分子杂交干扰miR-210表达,HIF-1α抑制剂也可以通过抑制HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch通路来阻碍血管新生的保护作用。本实验结果显示,与模型组相比较,外泌体组、miR-210siRNA组、HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑梗死体积百分比降低,与外泌体组相比较,miR-210siRNA组、HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠脑梗死体积百分比升高,说明外泌体miR-210可减少大鼠脑梗死体积,但同时也提示外泌体miR-210可能不是电针血浆减轻脑梗死损伤的唯一途径,在抑制HIF-1α表达后,可发现大鼠脑梗死面积提升,故可以推测HIF-1α应该是电针血浆电针减轻脑梗死损伤的途径之一。
HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch通路激活形成复合物,在急性脑缺血缺氧发生后,通过激活梗死周围的内源性保护机制,促进血管新生,已被认为是血管新生的重要通路。CD34[26-27]是目前公认的血管标志物,作为一种高度糖基化Ⅰ型跨膜蛋白,是与新生小血管密切相关的标志物。HIF-1α[28]是一种通过结合下游缺氧反应性靶基因,介导细胞内转录反应,使机体产生缺氧适应性的转录因子。VEGF[29]被认为是目前已知促血管生成的最强生长因子,是血管新生是否发生的重要标志。Notch[30]作为一种高度保守的信号通路,在脑神经干细胞的存活、增生与分化中发挥重要作用。近年来有多项研究[31-33]在试图探究HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch的通路机制,研究[8]显示HIF-1α在缺血性脑卒中发生后30 min后表达开始增加,在12 h达到高峰,VEGF在30 min后表达开始增加,24 h达到高峰,两者表达存在显著相关性。有学者[34]发现应用HIF-1α抑制剂后,细胞VEGF表达显著降低,并提出HIF-1α可能是VEGF的上游调控基因。THURSTON G等[35]研究发现VEGF可以激活Notch信号通路,从而调节血管内皮细胞的增殖和分裂。本实验结果表示在电镜下可见模型组神经元肿胀,胞核萎缩,外泌体组、miR-210siRNA组、HIF-1α抑制剂组神经细胞损伤减轻,HIF-1α抑制剂组相比miR-210siRNA组,其细胞状态更差。故可以推测外泌体miR-210和HIF-1α都可以一定程度上调节血管新生促进缺血性脑卒中神经细胞恢复。实时荧光定量PCR数据显示外泌体组大鼠纹状体脑组织miR-210 mRNA较模型组表达升高;miR-210 siRNA组和HIF-1α抑制剂组大鼠纹状体脑组织miR-210 mRNA较外泌体组表达降低,且miR-210 siRNA组大鼠纹状体脑组织miR-210 mRNA表达降低更加明显,提示HIF-1α很有可能是miR-210的下游因子。外泌体组大鼠纹状体脑组织CD34 mRNA表达较模型组升高,miR-210 siRNA组和HIF-1α抑制剂组则显著逆转了大鼠纹状体脑组织CD34 mRNA表达水平。同时外泌体组相比较模型组显著提高了HIF-1α、VEGF、Notch1的mRNA水平,miR-210 siRNA组和HIF-1α抑制剂组则抑制了HIF-1α、VEGF、Notch1的mRNA水平。证明电针促进外泌体miR-210的表达,从而调控HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch信号通路,促进脑缺血后血管新生,保护了脑神经元细胞。故可以推测在缺血性脑卒中发生后及时通过电针治疗,电针通过引导外泌体miR-210的表达,从而调控HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch信号通路,促进脑缺血后血管新生,继而减轻了脑缺血再灌注损伤。
综上所述,电针可以减轻大鼠神经功能损伤同时引导进外泌体miR-210的生成并调控HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch信号通路,促进脑缺血后血管新生,减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤。血管新生是一个动态化的过程,本研究仅在缺血性脑卒中再灌注发生5 min进行的电针干预,以求探究缺血性脑卒中发生后的72 h的电针促进血管新生过程,在后期的研究中应当设立多个时间点,动态观察电针调控血管新生的作用。并且可以增加miR-210和HIF-1α兴奋剂的组别,进一步探讨缺血性脑卒中急性期和康复期电针所发挥的作用和机制。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82174484; 81973932)
  • 江苏省第六期“333高层次人才培养工程”项目
  • 江苏省中医院专项(Y2022ZR20)
  • 江苏省中医院高峰学术人才项目(k2021rc24)
  • 南京中医药大学自然科学基金项目(XZR2023096)
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2025年第43卷第2期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.034
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-02-10
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国家自然科学基金项目(82174484; 81973932)
江苏省第六期“333高层次人才培养工程”项目
江苏省中医院专项(Y2022ZR20)
江苏省中医院高峰学术人才项目(k2021rc24)
南京中医药大学自然科学基金项目(XZR2023096)
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    南京中医药大学附属医院,江苏 南京 210029

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彭拥军(1977-),男,山东宁阳人,主任中医师,博士研究生导师,博士后,研究方向:针灸治疗脑血管疾病及变态反应性疾病。E-mail:。
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