Article(id=1322922805838357073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322922680609014711, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.029, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793338975625, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1739116800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793338975625, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793338975625, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793338975625, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322922680609014711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1739116800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793338945772, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340618065, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929694785536732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322922680609014711, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929694785536733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322922680609014711, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=127, endPage=136, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322922806069043794, articleId=1322922805838357073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Profiling Absorbed Prototypes and Metabolites of Bushen Huoxue Prescription(补肾活血方):A Comprehensive UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS Study with Molecular Network Analysis, columnId=1256183361521967297, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Target on National Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Bushen Huoxue Prescription(补肾活血方,BHP),a traditional Chinese medicine formula,is used for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy(DR). It is composed of four herbal ingredients. However,the absorbed prototypes and metabolites of BHP have not been extensively studied.

Methods

The plasma,liver,heart,spleen,lung,kidney,intestine,stomach,eye,urine and feces of SD rats at different time points were collected after intragastric administration of BHP. The absorbed prototypes and metabolites of BHPin rats were characterized using the UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MSstrategy. The metabolic networks in rats after oral administration of BHP were constructed by molecular network.

Results

Seventy-five absorbed prototypes and 123 metabolites were identified in rats belonging to different groups in BHP,including iridoids,phenylethanol glycosides,tanshinones,ginsenosides,isoflavonoids and other types of compounds. Phenylethanoid glycosides were derived from Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix),which had low bioavailability and were easy to be biotransformed into metabolites such as methylation and glucuronidation,and were more distributed in the kidney. The prototype components of tanshinones and isoflavones were derived from Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)and Gegen(Puerariae Lobatae Radix)respectively,which were easily detected in rat plasma and tissues. The metabolic pathways were mainly hydroxylation,methylation and glucuronidation,and the products were easily distributed in plasma and liver and kidney tissues. Ginsenosides were easily hydrolyzed into protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol in the gastrointestinal tract of rats. After phase I metabolism such as dehydrogenation and deoxidation,the products were more distributed in the spleen.

Conclusion

These findings could reveal the mechanism of action of BHPin DR treatment and provide a method for the discovery of metabolites and metabolic pathways.

, authors=Yu WANG, Wei KUANG, Yuxia HUANG, Mengjun XIE, Mei ZHANG, authorsList=Yu WANG, Wei KUANG, Yuxia HUANG, Mengjun XIE, Mei ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Mengjun XIE, Mei ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322922807100842585, articleId=1322922805838357073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS和分子网络技术研究补肾活血方在大鼠体内的吸收原型和代谢产物, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

补肾活血方由地黄、丹参、人参及葛根组成,目前已证实对糖尿病性视网膜病变有良好的临床疗效。该研究旨在分析此方在大鼠体内的吸收原型和代谢产物,以及这些成分在大鼠体内的分布差异。

方法

SD大鼠灌胃补肾活血方后,收集不同时间点的大鼠血浆、肝、心、脾、肺、肾、肠、胃、眼、尿液及粪便,采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS)采集数据,通过数据库匹配及比对相关文献中的相对分子质量、离子碎片等信息鉴定成分,并结合分子网络技术补充代谢产物。

结果

在大鼠体内共鉴定到75个吸收原型及123个代谢成分,包括苯乙醇苷类、丹参酮类、人参皂苷类、异黄酮类、环烯醚萜类、丹酚酸类等,主要集中于肝和肾中。苯乙醇苷类成分来源于地黄,其生物利用率低,易经过生物转化形成甲基化、葡萄糖醛酸化等代谢物,更多分布于肾中;丹参酮类及异黄酮类原型成分分别来源于丹参和葛根,在大鼠血浆和各组织中易被检测到,其代谢途径以羟基化、甲基化及葡萄糖醛酸化为主,产物易分布于血浆及肝肾组织中。人参皂苷类化合物在大鼠体内易被胃肠道水解为原人参二醇及原人参三醇,经脱氢、脱氧等I相代谢后,产物更多分布于脾。

结论

该研究初步阐明了补肾活血方原型成分及代谢产物的吸收、分布情况,为阐释补肾活血方及地黄、丹参、人参及葛根治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变的药效物质基础提供了科学依据。

, authors=王宇, 匡微, 黄宇霞, 谢孟君, 张梅, authorsList=王宇, 匡微, 黄宇霞, 谢孟君, 张梅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=谢孟君, 张梅, authorNote=

王宇(1999-),女,四川成都人,硕士,研究方向:中药质量控制与评价。

, correspAuthorsNote=
张梅(1963-),女,四川成都人,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中药质量控制与评价。E-mail:。
谢孟君(1995-),四川巴中人,实验师,硕士,研究方向:中药质量控制与评价。E-mail:。
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Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,2017,48(11):2231-2236., articleTitle=Spectrum-effect relationship of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract on HIF-1c of retinal Miller cells in AGEs or hypoxia conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322922816244425379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=40, issue=11, pageStart=1388, pageEnd=1393, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=杜蕊, 邢敏艳, journalName=天津中医药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杜蕊,邢敏艳. 凉血化瘀方佐治糖尿病视网膜病变血热瘀阻证临床疗效及相关机制探讨[J]. 天津中医药,2023,40(11):1388-1393., articleTitle=凉血化瘀方佐治糖尿病视网膜病变血热瘀阻证临床疗效及相关机制探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322922816311534244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=20, issue=9, pageStart=157, pageEnd=161, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=姚红娥, 张梅, 徐秒, journalName=中国实验方剂学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姚红娥,张梅,徐秒,等. 人参皂苷对糖基化终末产物条件下视网膜Müller细胞活力的影响[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志,2014,20(9):157-161., articleTitle=人参皂苷对糖基化终末产物条件下视网膜Müller细胞活力的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322922816374448805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=25, issue=5, pageStart=1025, pageEnd=1028, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=姚红娥, 张梅, 徐秒, journalName=时珍国医国药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姚红娥,张梅,徐秒,等. 人参皂苷提取物对大鼠视网膜Müller细胞的影响[J]. 时珍国医国药,2014,25(5):1025-1028., articleTitle=人参皂苷提取物对大鼠视网膜Müller细胞的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322922816483500710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=6, pageStart=674, pageEnd=684, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=孙美, 李继文, 马金颖, journalName=吉林农业大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙美,李继文,马金颖,等 稀有人参皂苷的生物转化及其降血糖活性研究进展[J]. 吉林农业大学学报,2023,45(6):674-684., articleTitle=稀有人参皂苷的生物转化及其降血糖活性研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322922816575775399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=2, pageStart=54, pageEnd=59, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=邓立萍, 谢孟君, 祝子喻, journalName=中药药理与临床, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邓立萍,谢孟君,祝子喻,等. 葛根总黄酮提取物对糖尿病大鼠视网膜病变的影响分析[J]. 中药药理与临床,2021,37(2):54-59., articleTitle=葛根总黄酮提取物对糖尿病大鼠视网膜病变的影响分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322922816655467176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=44, issue=12, pageStart=2498, pageEnd=2500, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=李高彪, 周云云, 李雨薇, journalName=辽宁中医杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李高彪,周云云,李雨薇,等. 雷晓琴运用化瘀通络法辨治糖尿病视网膜病变经验[J]. 辽宁中医杂志,2017,44(12):2498-2500., articleTitle=雷晓琴运用化瘀通络法辨治糖尿病视网膜病变经验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322922816730964649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=1, pageStart=350, pageEnd=352, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=孙静文, 孙铭良, 袁静云, journalName=中华中医药杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙静文,孙铭良,袁静云,等. 糖尿病视网膜病变与糖尿病肾病发病相关性研究[J]. 中华中医药杂志,2020,35(1):350-352., articleTitle=糖尿病视网膜病变与糖尿病肾病发病相关性研究, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322922814268908172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, awardId=82174273; 81774202; 82305323, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(82174273; 81774202; 82305323), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322922807365083738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322922807373472347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, companyId=1322922807365083738, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources,School of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,Sichuan,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322922807381860956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, companyId=1322922807365083738, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=成都中医药大学药学院西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室,四川 成都 611137)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322922811467113090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Avs/nZuDOxeh/IVm4NMSRA==, figureFileBig=30BmQIOSIYIfevMrPWVINg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922811546804867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, language=CN, label=图1, caption=灌胃补肾活血方的大鼠血浆、肝、肾、脾组织的UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS总离子流图

注:A.血浆;B.肝;C.肾;D.脾。

, figureFileSmall=Avs/nZuDOxeh/IVm4NMSRA==, figureFileBig=30BmQIOSIYIfevMrPWVINg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922811777491588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/tsG5fRCholnzkFutMv1kA==, figureFileBig=bAhPaMLKusctTFx+O/0PxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922811848794757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于标准品鉴定的补肾活血方部分成分的二级图谱及裂解途径

注:A.葛根素;B.二氢丹参酮I;C.毛蕊花糖苷;D.人参皂苷Re;上图均为标准品,下图为样品;RT:保留时间。

, figureFileSmall=/tsG5fRCholnzkFutMv1kA==, figureFileBig=bAhPaMLKusctTFx+O/0PxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922811932680838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=TXBbi5Krl72fpONwX9Mjyg==, figureFileBig=P9P3C7mev+MqM7bOCG5cmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922812008178311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, language=CN, label=图3, caption=补肾活血方的局部分子网络图

注:A.异黄酮类代谢物;B.人参皂苷类代谢物;灰色代表未知化合物。

, figureFileSmall=TXBbi5Krl72fpONwX9Mjyg==, figureFileBig=P9P3C7mev+MqM7bOCG5cmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322922812100453000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号t/(min)模式实测值(m/z)理论值(m/z)误差(ppm)MS/MS(m/z)化学式化合物名称来源组织分布
15.23[M-H]-461.166 9461.166 40.912 1315.11,135.05,85.03C20H29O12Forsythoside ERRi
24.30[M-H]-373.115 2373.114 03.091 0211.06,193.05,167.07,149.06,123.04C16H21O10Geniposidic acidRRi
36.06[M-H]-375.129 9375.129 70.648 4151.08,125.06,59.01C16H23O10Mussaenosidic acidRRe,h,i
41.40[M+H]+268.104 2268.104 00.697 9/C10H14N5O4AdenosineRR/SMRR/GRR/PLRd~j
50.51[M+H]+175.119 0175.119 00.378 6116.07,70.07,60.06C6H15N4O2DL-ArginineRR/GRRe,f,h,i
65.45[M-H]-175.060 7175.061 2-3.014 9131.07,157.05,115.04,85.04C7H11O152-Isopropylmalic acidSMRR/GRR/PLRd,h
718.39[M-H]-269.045 8269.045 50.967 2241.05,225.06C15H9O5ApigeninPLRd~f,h~j
810.82[M-H]-129.018 9129.019 3-3.659 1/C5H5O4Mesaconic acidPLRd~f,h~j
90.89[M+H]+123.055 5123.055 31.928 696.04,80.05,53.04C6H7N2ONicotinamideGRR/PLRa,d~j
104.39,3.86[M-H]-137.023 8137.024 44.812 4109.03,93.03C7H5O34-Hydroxybenzoic acidRRa,d~j
1118.69[M-H]-341.102 4341.103 1-1.800 0326.08,282.09C19H17O66-DemethoxytangeretinRRh~j
1215.53[M-H]-193.050 3193.050 6-1.756 5178.03,149.06,134.04C10H9O4ferulic acidRR/SMRR/PLRh
1314.33[M-H]-493.171 5493.171 5-0.114 8313.09C24H29O116-O-p-Vanillyl AjugaolRRi
145.39[M-H]-375.128 2375.129 7-3.826 0213.08,169.09,151.08C16H23O108-Epiloganic acidRRh,i
1514.97[M-H]-623.199 2623.198 11.627 5461.17,315.11,179.03,161.03,135.04C29H35O15*ActeosideRRI,j
160.90[M+H]+165.055 0165.054 62.253 8147.04,119.05C9H9O3P-Coumaric AcidSMRR/PLRa,d~k
170.91[M-H]-191.019 4191.019 7-1.657 5173.01,111.01,129.0287.01C6H7O7*Citric AcidRRa,f,i,j
1818.50[M-H]-299.056 1299.056 1-0.067 0255.03C16H11O6DiosmetinRRI,j
199.17[M-H]-130.086 8130.087 35.243 088.04C6H12NO2DL-LeucineRRf,i,j
2013.82[M-H]-785.252 0785.251 01.333 9623.22,161.02C35H45O20*EchinacosideRRi
210.54[M-H]-179.055 8179.056 1-1.816 289.02,71.02,59.02C6H11O6glucoseRRd,h,i
221.55[M-H]-282.084 5282.084 40.503 2150.04,133.01,180.02C10H12O5N5*GuanosineRRd~j
2317.91[M-HCOO]-201.113 0201.113 2-1.198 2183.11,139.11C10H17O4Jioglutin DRRa,j
2416.42[M-H]-429.198 1429.197 70.721 1249.06C21H33O9Jiocarotenoside A1RRi
254.16[M+HCOO]-393.140 4393.140 2-0.449 3347.13,167.07C16H25O11*LeonurideRRh,j
260.77[M-H]-133.013 7133.014 2-4.320 4115.00,71.01C4H5O5malic acidRRd~k
2712.38[M-H]-183.102 3183.102 7-1.869 0139.07,137.10,123.08C10H15O3RehmapicrogeninRRa,d~j
286.57,8.37[M-H]-593.151 1593.152 01.322 2473.11,413.09,353.07C27H29O15ViceninⅡRRi,j
2924.01[M+H]+279.101 7279.101 60.516 8261.09,251.07,233.08,223.08,205.10C18H15O31,2-DihydrotanshinquinoneSMRRa
302.52[M+H]+127.039 2127.039 01.924 4109.03,81.03C6H7O35-HydroxymethylfurfuralSMRRa,d~k
3124.71[M+H]+297.148 7297.148 50.745 9279.14,269.15,253.16,251.14,238.14C19H21O3*CryptotanshinoneSMRRd,e,g~j
324.29[M-H]-153.018 8153.019 3-3.484 0109.03,108.02C7H5O4*Protocatechuic acidSMRRg,i,j
332.62[M-H]-197.045 0197.045 5-2.861 1179.03,135.04,123.04,73.00C9H9O5DanshensuSMRRd,h~j
3424.01[M+H]+279.101 9279.101 61.172 8261.09,251.07,233.08,223.08,205.10C18H15O3*Dihydrotanshinone ISMRRa,d~f,h~j
3523.67[M-H]-313.145 4313.144 52.725 0269.16,241.16,226.10,213.09C19H21O4NeocryptotanshinoneSMRRa,d~g
3612.72[M-H]-137.023 9137.024 4-3.921 5109.03,93.03C7H5O3*ProtocatechualdehydeSMRRa,d~j
3723.57[M+H]+311.128 1311.127 80.855 6279.10,269.08,265.09,223.08C19H19O4Przewaquinone ASMRRa,h,I,j
3815.88[M-H]-359.076 4359.077 2-2.466 5197.05,179.03,161.02C18H15O8Rosmarinic acidSMRRd,i
3916.32[M-H]-493.112 4493.112 9-1.006 8313.07,295.06,203.03C26H21O10Salvianolic acid ASMRRi
4017.25[M-H]-313.071 4313.071 8-1.021 3283.03C17H13O6Salvianolic acid FSMRRd,h,i
4118.65[M+H]+313.106 7313.107 1-1.054 4295.10,267.10,253.09C18H17O5Tanshindiol A/B/CSMRRa,d,f,h~j
4216.15[M+H]+313.106 4313.107 1-1.931 6295.10,267.10,253.09C18H17O5Tanshindiol A/B/CSMRRa,d,f,h~j
4316.54[M+H]+313.107 0313.107 1-0.177 2295.10,267.10,253.09C18H17O5Tanshindiol A/B/CSMRRa,d,f,h~j
4425.17[M+H]+295.133 2295.132 91.146 9280.11,277.12,266.09,249.13,206.11C19H19O3Tanshinone IIASMRRa,d,e,g~j
4524.05[M+H]+311.128 1311.127 80.855 6265.09,251.07C19H19O4Tanshinone IIBSMRRd,e,g,h,j
4624.50[M-H]-313.145 4313.144 52.822 4295.14,283.13,267.14,255.14,239.11C19H21O4Tanshinone VSMRRa,d~g
4723.91[M-H]-295.096 4295.097 6-3.885 9277.09,265.09,249.09,238.06,209.06C18H15O4TanshinoneⅥSMRRa,d,e,g,h
4823.53[M+H]+341.138 6341.138 40.763 9281.12,263.11,235.11C20H21O5Trijuganone CSMRRd
4914.04[M+HCOO]-491.185 0491.186 4-2.849 5445.11,283.06C32H27O53’-MethoxydaidzinPLRi
5017.01[M+H]+285.075 7285.075 7-0.018 8270.05,253.05C16H13O53′-MethoxydaidzeinPLRa,h~j
511.03[M-H]-191.055 8191.056 1-1.462 5173.01,111.01,85.03C7H11O6Quinic AcidPLRh
5213.05[M+H]+447.128 6447.128 61.017 7429.12,411.11,393.10,381.10,327.09,297.08,267.07C22H23O103'-Methoxy PuerarinPLRa,d~j
5315.22[M-H]-429.120 0429.119 12.144 4309.08,281.08,266.06C22H21O94‘-MethoxypuerarinPLRa,i,j
5416.84[M-H]-283.061 4283.061 20.830 8268.04C16H11O5Biochanin APLRa,d~j
5516.45[M+H]-253.051 0253.050 61.433 7225.06,224.05,208.05,197.06C15H9O4Daidzein isomerPLRa,d~j
5616.66[M+H]-253.051 0253.050 61.373 4225.06,224.05,208.05,197.06C15H9O4*DaidzeinPLRa,d,h~j
5713.48[M+H]+417.116 5417.118 0-3.578 2297.07,255.07C21H21O9*DaidzinPLRa,d~f,h~j
5821.96[M-H]-267.066 5267.066 50.807 6252.04,223.04C16H11O4FormononetinPLRa,d~j
5915.46[M+H]+271.060 2271.060 10.523 0253.05,243.07,215.07,197.06,153.02C15H11O5GenisteinPLRi,j
6018.08[M+H]+271.060 3271.060 10.860 8253.05,243.07,215.07,197.06,153.02C15H11O5Genistein isomerPLRd,e,h
6114.34[M+H]+433.113 0433.112 90.262 9271.06,243.07,215.07,153.07C21H21O10GenistinPLRi,j
624.52[M+H]+247.114 5247.144 11.603 8188.07,146.06,144.08C14H19N2O2LenticinPLRd
6312.19[M+H]+417.118 6417.118 01.323 8399.11,381.10,351.09,321.08,297.08,267.07C21H21O9*PuerarinPLRa,d~j
6414.20[M-H]-605.189 1605.187 62.592 8297.08,253.09C29H33O14Pueroside APLRi
6514.06[M+H]+463.124 1463.123 51.354 1445.11,343.08,313.07C22H22O11TectoridinPLRi,j
6614.49[M-H]-799.268 2799.266 61.966 4623.21,175.04C36H47O20*Cistanoside ARR/GRRi
6724.55[M-H]-945.544 0945.542 81.235 0783.49,621.44,459.38C48H81O18*Ginsenoside RdGRRj
6821.40[M-H]-945.544 3945.542 81.493 2799.45,783.49,637.44,475.38C48H81O18*Ginsenoside ReGRRi,j
6923.16[M+HCOO]-845.497 7845.490 48.600 0799.49,637.43,475.38C43H73O16*Ginsenoside RfGRRi,j
7021.64[M+HCOO]-845.490 5845.490 40.082 0799.49,637.43,475.38C43H73O16Ginsenoside Rg1GRRi,j
7123.47[M-H]-783.491 1783.488 92.770 1637.42,475.38C42H71O13*Ginsenoside Rg2GRRi,j
7225.17[M-H]-783.491 2783.488 92.925 9621.43,459.39C42H71O13Ginsenoside Rg3GRRi,j
7323.94[M-H]-955.492 4955.490 81.704 5793.44,613.37,569.39,453.34C48H75O19Ginsenoside RoGRRi
7419.55[M-H]-931.528 8931.527 21.739 1799.49,637.44,475.38C47H79O18Notoginsenoside R1GRRi
7516.49[M-H]-523.182 4523.182 10.522 8193.05,175.04C25H31O126-O-E-FeruloylajugolRRi
), ArticleFig(id=1322922812196921993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

补肾活血方在血浆及组织中的吸收原型成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号t/(min)模式实测值(m/z)理论值(m/z)误差(ppm)MS/MS(m/z)化学式化合物名称来源组织分布
15.23[M-H]-461.166 9461.166 40.912 1315.11,135.05,85.03C20H29O12Forsythoside ERRi
24.30[M-H]-373.115 2373.114 03.091 0211.06,193.05,167.07,149.06,123.04C16H21O10Geniposidic acidRRi
36.06[M-H]-375.129 9375.129 70.648 4151.08,125.06,59.01C16H23O10Mussaenosidic acidRRe,h,i
41.40[M+H]+268.104 2268.104 00.697 9/C10H14N5O4AdenosineRR/SMRR/GRR/PLRd~j
50.51[M+H]+175.119 0175.119 00.378 6116.07,70.07,60.06C6H15N4O2DL-ArginineRR/GRRe,f,h,i
65.45[M-H]-175.060 7175.061 2-3.014 9131.07,157.05,115.04,85.04C7H11O152-Isopropylmalic acidSMRR/GRR/PLRd,h
718.39[M-H]-269.045 8269.045 50.967 2241.05,225.06C15H9O5ApigeninPLRd~f,h~j
810.82[M-H]-129.018 9129.019 3-3.659 1/C5H5O4Mesaconic acidPLRd~f,h~j
90.89[M+H]+123.055 5123.055 31.928 696.04,80.05,53.04C6H7N2ONicotinamideGRR/PLRa,d~j
104.39,3.86[M-H]-137.023 8137.024 44.812 4109.03,93.03C7H5O34-Hydroxybenzoic acidRRa,d~j
1118.69[M-H]-341.102 4341.103 1-1.800 0326.08,282.09C19H17O66-DemethoxytangeretinRRh~j
1215.53[M-H]-193.050 3193.050 6-1.756 5178.03,149.06,134.04C10H9O4ferulic acidRR/SMRR/PLRh
1314.33[M-H]-493.171 5493.171 5-0.114 8313.09C24H29O116-O-p-Vanillyl AjugaolRRi
145.39[M-H]-375.128 2375.129 7-3.826 0213.08,169.09,151.08C16H23O108-Epiloganic acidRRh,i
1514.97[M-H]-623.199 2623.198 11.627 5461.17,315.11,179.03,161.03,135.04C29H35O15*ActeosideRRI,j
160.90[M+H]+165.055 0165.054 62.253 8147.04,119.05C9H9O3P-Coumaric AcidSMRR/PLRa,d~k
170.91[M-H]-191.019 4191.019 7-1.657 5173.01,111.01,129.0287.01C6H7O7*Citric AcidRRa,f,i,j
1818.50[M-H]-299.056 1299.056 1-0.067 0255.03C16H11O6DiosmetinRRI,j
199.17[M-H]-130.086 8130.087 35.243 088.04C6H12NO2DL-LeucineRRf,i,j
2013.82[M-H]-785.252 0785.251 01.333 9623.22,161.02C35H45O20*EchinacosideRRi
210.54[M-H]-179.055 8179.056 1-1.816 289.02,71.02,59.02C6H11O6glucoseRRd,h,i
221.55[M-H]-282.084 5282.084 40.503 2150.04,133.01,180.02C10H12O5N5*GuanosineRRd~j
2317.91[M-HCOO]-201.113 0201.113 2-1.198 2183.11,139.11C10H17O4Jioglutin DRRa,j
2416.42[M-H]-429.198 1429.197 70.721 1249.06C21H33O9Jiocarotenoside A1RRi
254.16[M+HCOO]-393.140 4393.140 2-0.449 3347.13,167.07C16H25O11*LeonurideRRh,j
260.77[M-H]-133.013 7133.014 2-4.320 4115.00,71.01C4H5O5malic acidRRd~k
2712.38[M-H]-183.102 3183.102 7-1.869 0139.07,137.10,123.08C10H15O3RehmapicrogeninRRa,d~j
286.57,8.37[M-H]-593.151 1593.152 01.322 2473.11,413.09,353.07C27H29O15ViceninⅡRRi,j
2924.01[M+H]+279.101 7279.101 60.516 8261.09,251.07,233.08,223.08,205.10C18H15O31,2-DihydrotanshinquinoneSMRRa
302.52[M+H]+127.039 2127.039 01.924 4109.03,81.03C6H7O35-HydroxymethylfurfuralSMRRa,d~k
3124.71[M+H]+297.148 7297.148 50.745 9279.14,269.15,253.16,251.14,238.14C19H21O3*CryptotanshinoneSMRRd,e,g~j
324.29[M-H]-153.018 8153.019 3-3.484 0109.03,108.02C7H5O4*Protocatechuic acidSMRRg,i,j
332.62[M-H]-197.045 0197.045 5-2.861 1179.03,135.04,123.04,73.00C9H9O5DanshensuSMRRd,h~j
3424.01[M+H]+279.101 9279.101 61.172 8261.09,251.07,233.08,223.08,205.10C18H15O3*Dihydrotanshinone ISMRRa,d~f,h~j
3523.67[M-H]-313.145 4313.144 52.725 0269.16,241.16,226.10,213.09C19H21O4NeocryptotanshinoneSMRRa,d~g
3612.72[M-H]-137.023 9137.024 4-3.921 5109.03,93.03C7H5O3*ProtocatechualdehydeSMRRa,d~j
3723.57[M+H]+311.128 1311.127 80.855 6279.10,269.08,265.09,223.08C19H19O4Przewaquinone ASMRRa,h,I,j
3815.88[M-H]-359.076 4359.077 2-2.466 5197.05,179.03,161.02C18H15O8Rosmarinic acidSMRRd,i
3916.32[M-H]-493.112 4493.112 9-1.006 8313.07,295.06,203.03C26H21O10Salvianolic acid ASMRRi
4017.25[M-H]-313.071 4313.071 8-1.021 3283.03C17H13O6Salvianolic acid FSMRRd,h,i
4118.65[M+H]+313.106 7313.107 1-1.054 4295.10,267.10,253.09C18H17O5Tanshindiol A/B/CSMRRa,d,f,h~j
4216.15[M+H]+313.106 4313.107 1-1.931 6295.10,267.10,253.09C18H17O5Tanshindiol A/B/CSMRRa,d,f,h~j
4316.54[M+H]+313.107 0313.107 1-0.177 2295.10,267.10,253.09C18H17O5Tanshindiol A/B/CSMRRa,d,f,h~j
4425.17[M+H]+295.133 2295.132 91.146 9280.11,277.12,266.09,249.13,206.11C19H19O3Tanshinone IIASMRRa,d,e,g~j
4524.05[M+H]+311.128 1311.127 80.855 6265.09,251.07C19H19O4Tanshinone IIBSMRRd,e,g,h,j
4624.50[M-H]-313.145 4313.144 52.822 4295.14,283.13,267.14,255.14,239.11C19H21O4Tanshinone VSMRRa,d~g
4723.91[M-H]-295.096 4295.097 6-3.885 9277.09,265.09,249.09,238.06,209.06C18H15O4TanshinoneⅥSMRRa,d,e,g,h
4823.53[M+H]+341.138 6341.138 40.763 9281.12,263.11,235.11C20H21O5Trijuganone CSMRRd
4914.04[M+HCOO]-491.185 0491.186 4-2.849 5445.11,283.06C32H27O53’-MethoxydaidzinPLRi
5017.01[M+H]+285.075 7285.075 7-0.018 8270.05,253.05C16H13O53′-MethoxydaidzeinPLRa,h~j
511.03[M-H]-191.055 8191.056 1-1.462 5173.01,111.01,85.03C7H11O6Quinic AcidPLRh
5213.05[M+H]+447.128 6447.128 61.017 7429.12,411.11,393.10,381.10,327.09,297.08,267.07C22H23O103'-Methoxy PuerarinPLRa,d~j
5315.22[M-H]-429.120 0429.119 12.144 4309.08,281.08,266.06C22H21O94‘-MethoxypuerarinPLRa,i,j
5416.84[M-H]-283.061 4283.061 20.830 8268.04C16H11O5Biochanin APLRa,d~j
5516.45[M+H]-253.051 0253.050 61.433 7225.06,224.05,208.05,197.06C15H9O4Daidzein isomerPLRa,d~j
5616.66[M+H]-253.051 0253.050 61.373 4225.06,224.05,208.05,197.06C15H9O4*DaidzeinPLRa,d,h~j
5713.48[M+H]+417.116 5417.118 0-3.578 2297.07,255.07C21H21O9*DaidzinPLRa,d~f,h~j
5821.96[M-H]-267.066 5267.066 50.807 6252.04,223.04C16H11O4FormononetinPLRa,d~j
5915.46[M+H]+271.060 2271.060 10.523 0253.05,243.07,215.07,197.06,153.02C15H11O5GenisteinPLRi,j
6018.08[M+H]+271.060 3271.060 10.860 8253.05,243.07,215.07,197.06,153.02C15H11O5Genistein isomerPLRd,e,h
6114.34[M+H]+433.113 0433.112 90.262 9271.06,243.07,215.07,153.07C21H21O10GenistinPLRi,j
624.52[M+H]+247.114 5247.144 11.603 8188.07,146.06,144.08C14H19N2O2LenticinPLRd
6312.19[M+H]+417.118 6417.118 01.323 8399.11,381.10,351.09,321.08,297.08,267.07C21H21O9*PuerarinPLRa,d~j
6414.20[M-H]-605.189 1605.187 62.592 8297.08,253.09C29H33O14Pueroside APLRi
6514.06[M+H]+463.124 1463.123 51.354 1445.11,343.08,313.07C22H22O11TectoridinPLRi,j
6614.49[M-H]-799.268 2799.266 61.966 4623.21,175.04C36H47O20*Cistanoside ARR/GRRi
6724.55[M-H]-945.544 0945.542 81.235 0783.49,621.44,459.38C48H81O18*Ginsenoside RdGRRj
6821.40[M-H]-945.544 3945.542 81.493 2799.45,783.49,637.44,475.38C48H81O18*Ginsenoside ReGRRi,j
6923.16[M+HCOO]-845.497 7845.490 48.600 0799.49,637.43,475.38C43H73O16*Ginsenoside RfGRRi,j
7021.64[M+HCOO]-845.490 5845.490 40.082 0799.49,637.43,475.38C43H73O16Ginsenoside Rg1GRRi,j
7123.47[M-H]-783.491 1783.488 92.770 1637.42,475.38C42H71O13*Ginsenoside Rg2GRRi,j
7225.17[M-H]-783.491 2783.488 92.925 9621.43,459.39C42H71O13Ginsenoside Rg3GRRi,j
7323.94[M-H]-955.492 4955.490 81.704 5793.44,613.37,569.39,453.34C48H75O19Ginsenoside RoGRRi
7419.55[M-H]-931.528 8931.527 21.739 1799.49,637.44,475.38C47H79O18Notoginsenoside R1GRRi
7516.49[M-H]-523.182 4523.182 10.522 8193.05,175.04C25H31O126-O-E-FeruloylajugolRRi
), ArticleFig(id=1322922813895615114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号t/(min)模式实测值(m/z)理论值(m/z)误差(ppm)MS/MS(m/z)化学式化合物名称来源组织分布
M12.81[M-H]-153.055 1153.055 7-4.037 6123.04C8H9O3HydroxytyrosolRRc
M22.42[M-H]-179.034 6179.035 0-2.350 7135.04C9H7O4Caffeic acidRRc,d,i,j
M36.55[M-H]-355.067 6355.067 11.569 0179.03,175.02,135.04,113.02C15H15O10Glucuronidated caffeic acidRRb,h
M46.62[M-H]-258.991 6258.991 8-0.611 3179.03,135.04C9H7O7SSulfonated caffeic acidRRa,b,i,j
M58.15[M-H]-273.007 4273.007 5-0.336 4193.05C10H9O7SSulfonated caffeic acid+CH3RRa,b,e,f,h
M64.66[M-H]-181.050 2181.050 6-2.125 8137.06,135.04C9H9O4Dihydroxycaffeic acidRRb,i,j
M710.40[M-H]-165.055 2165.055 7-3.281 9121.06,119.05C9H9O33-hydroxyphenylpropionic acidRRa~f,h~j
M86.45[M-H]-245.012 7245.012 50.666 7165.05,121.06C9H9O6SSulfonated 3-hydroxyphenylpropionicRRa~k
M93.99[M-H]-163.039 5163.040 1-3.730 3119.05C9H7O3Dehydroxy caffeic acidRRb,c,h
M107.03[M-H]-193.050 3193.050 6-1.756 5178.03,134.04C10H9O4Methyl caffeic acidRRb,c,h
M112.95[M-H]-149.060 1149.060 8-4.686 0121.03,101.02C9H9O23-phenylpropionic acidRRc
M123.37[M-H]-329.087 4329.087 8-1.224 5175.02,153.05,123.05,113.02C14H17O9Glucuronidated hydroxytyrosolRRb
M1316.81[M-H]-651.230 0651.229 40.824 4475.18,193.05C31H39O15Dimethyl acteosideRRc,i
M1415.77[M-H]-637.214 5637.213 81.169 3461.17,193.05,161.02,135.04C30H37O15Methyl acteosideRRc
M151.50,3.30[M-H]-233.012 6233.012 50.111 6153.06,123.04C8H9O6SSulfonated hydroxytyrosolRRa~d,g,h
M164.89[M-H]-343.103 5343.103 5-0.002 3167.07,113.02C15H19O9Glucuronidated hydroxytyrosol+CH3RRb,i,j
M175.40[M-H]-247.028 2247.028 20.065 6167.07,113.02C9H11O6SSulfonated hydroxytyrosol+CH3RRb
M187.19[M-H]-341.086 9341.087 8-2.791 9175.02,165.05,113.02C15H17O9Glucuronidated homovanillinRRa,b,h~j
M193.96[M-H]-181.050 3181.050 6-2.041 5137.06C9H9O4Homovanillic acidRRb~f,h~j
M203.20[M-H]-357.083 3357.082 71.575 4/C15H17O10Glucuronidated homovanillic acidRRb,h
M213.14,5.34[M-H]-261.007 8261.007 51.402 0181.05,137.06C9H9O7SSulfonated homovanillic acidRRb,c,h,I,j
M228.29[M+H]+345.096 6345.098 0-4.022 0327.09,309.20,281.12C18H17O7Demethyl and trihydroxyl tanshinone IIBSMRRc
M2320.81[M+H]+301.143 3301.143 4-0.415 4283.13C18H21O4Demethy and dihydroxyl miltironeSMRRb,c
M2420.18[M+H]+313.071 0313.070 71.214 8269.15,253.05C17H13O6Demethy and dihydroxyl tanshinol BSMRRc
M2521.75[M+H]+313.143 9313.143 41.452 2269.15,154.13C19H21O4Hydroxyl cryptotanshinoneSMRRa~d,h~j
M2616.20[M+H]+355.117 2355.117 6-1.289 1337.11,309.11,313.11,295.10C20H19O6Hydroxyl methyltanshinonateSMRRb,d
M2713.35[M+H]+489.140 0489.139 11.667 5327.09,313.11,295.06C24H25O11Glucuronidated tanshindiol A/B/CSMRRc
M2824.16[M+H]+339.122 3339.122 7-1.137 4321.11,279.10,251.11C20H19O5Methyl tanshinonateSMRRc
M2914.50[M+H]+343.081 3343.082 3-3.083 1325.07,297.08,279.07C18H15O7Demethy and carboxyiated tanshindiol A/B/CSMRRc,i,j
M3023.70[M+H]+297.148 4297.148 5-0.383 8253.16,238.14,225.16,211.11,209.10C19H21O3Hydroxyl dehydromiltironeSMRRa,b,d,e,g
M3123.30[M+H]+297.148 8297.148 50.848 6279.14,251.14,237.09C19H21O3Dihydro tanshinone IIASMRRc,d
M3214.78[M+H]+309.076 0309.075 70.772 6291.06,265.09,235.08,207.08,179.09C18H13O5Dihydroxyl tanshinone ISMRRc
M3322.88[M+H]+309.112 2309.112 10.349 8265.12,247.11,223.08,195.08C19H17O4Hydroxyl and dehydro tanshinone IIASMRRc,i
M3423.49[M+H]+309.112 3309.112 10.646 0265.12,247.11,223.08,195.08C19H17O4Hydroxyl and methyl dihydrotanshinone ISMRRa,b,d~j
M3521.86[M+H]+295.060 5295.060 11.411 3267.07,239.07C17H11O5Demethyl and dihydroxyl tanshinone ISMRRc
M3622.90[M+H]+295.096 6295.096 50.554 8251.11,223.08,195.12,169.06C18H15O4Hydrated tanshinone ISMRRb
M3713.82[M+H]+329.101 6329.103 1-4.369 4311.09,283.10,265.09C18H17O6Demethyl and dihydroxyl tanshinone IIBSMRRc,i,j
M3819.55[M+H]+299.129 2299.127 84.766 7281.08,253.07C18H19O4Demethyl and hydroxyl cryptotanshinoneSMRRb
M3918.71[M-H]-311.092 6311.091 43.826 1267.10,223.07C18H15O5Hydroxyl tanshinol BSMRRa,c,h,i,j
M4021.79[M-H]-325.072 4325.071 82.020 5297.07,295.06,268.04,267.07C18H13O6Demethyl and carboxyiated tanshinol BSMRRb
M4118.92[M+H]+343.118 3343.117 62.134 5325.11C19H19O6Dihydroxyl tanshinone IIBSMRRb,c
M4223.06[M+H]+372.180 7372.180 50.390 1354.17,311.13,283.13,326.18C21H25O5NNeocryptotanshinone glycine conjugateSMRRb,c
M4322.55[M-H]-471.127 9471.128 6-1.366 1295.10C24H23O10Glucuronidated tanshinol BSMRRb
M4422.30[M+H]+331.155 0331.154 02.923 0313.14,295.13C19H23O5Hydroxyl and methyl salvianonolSMRRb,d
M4516.14[M+H]+487.124 6487.124 60.226 1311.09C24H23O11Hydroxyl and glucuronidated tanshinol BSMRRb
M4622.57[M+H]+293.081 0293.080 80.644 1275.07,263.07,249.09,235.08C18H13O4Hydroxyl tanshinone ISMRRa~c
M4723.26[M+H]+285.148 6285.148 50.349 2229.09,225.09,181.10C18H21O3Demethyl and hydroxyl miltironeSMRRb,d,i
M4823.34[M+H]+473.181 1473.180 60.955 1297.15,269.15,241.12,213.09,199.08C25H29O9Glucuronidated cryptotanshinoneSMRRc,i,j
M4916.13[M+H]+267.101 3267.101 6-0.945 3249.11,221.12C17H15O3Decarbonylated hydrated tanshitone ISMRRb
M5023.23[M+H]+287.164 4287.164 20.897 1269.15,251.14,241.12,213.09C18H23O3Decarbonylated neocryptotanshinoneSMRRa,g
M5124.44[M+H]+315.159 6315.159 11.557 1297.15,279.14,268.11,254.09,251.14C19H23O4Hydrated cryptotanshinoneSMRRa~e,h,i
M5224.55[M+H]+277.086 1277.085 90.721 1249.09,221.10C18H13O3Dehydrated tanshinol BSMRRc
M5316.25[M+H]+473.144 5473.145 3-1.731 9297.08,279.07C24H25O10Hydroxyl and glucuronidated danshenxinkun BSMRRc
M5415.64[M+H]+327.086 9327.087 4-1.614 0309.08,281.08,265.09,291.07C18H15O6Hydroxyl and dehydro tanshindiol A/B/CSMRRc,i,j
M5520.92[M+H]+327.123 7327.123 8-0.147 3309.08,299.13,281.11,263.11,235.08C19H19O5Hydroxyl tanshinone IIBSMRRb
M5622.83[M+H]+345.133 5345.134 4-2.631 6327.12,309.11,281.11C19H21O6Hydrated and hydroxyl tanshinone IIBSMRRb
M5720.63[M+H]+301.143 2301.143 4-0.618 1283.13C18H21O4Demethyl neocryptotanshinoneSMRRb,c
M587.91[M+H]+593.149 8593.150 1-0.430 2417.12,399.11,297.08C27H29O15Glucuronidated puerarinPLRb
M5919.45[M-H]-287.093 0287.092 50.901 2272.07,152.01,124.02C16H15O5Methyl and tetrahydro genisteinPLRb,i
M6014.47[M+H]+447.090 6447.092 2-3.468 1271.06,243.07,215.07,153.02C21H19O10Glucuronidated genisteinPLRa,b,d,h
M617.97[M+H]+433.113 3433.112 90.756 2415.10,397.05,379.08,367.08,295.07C21H21O10Hydroxyl puerarinPLRa~c,i,j
M6216.92,15.46,22.97[M-H]-283.061 5283.061 21.154 2268.04,267.03,240.04C16H11O5Methyl genisteinPLRa~j
M638.48[M+H]+595.165 6595.165 7-0.163 2433.11,271.06C27H31O15Glucuronidated genistinPLRc,i
M6414.75[M+H]+315.086 7315.086 31.224 4297.08,283,06,167.09C17H15O6Dimethy and hydroxyl genisteinPLRc
M6516.63[M+H]+301.070 9301.070 70.655 1286.05,269.04,241.05C16H13O6Hydroxyl and methy genisteinPLRb,c
M6621.44,21.62[M+H]+299.091 5299.091 40.408 5284.07,243.10,239.07C17H15O5dihydroxyl genisteinPLRb,c,i
M6713.94[M-H]-337.037 5335.038 7-3.680 9257.08,215.11,135.04,81.07C15H13O7SSulfonated equol+hydroxylPLRb
M6815.16[M-H]-417.119 8417.119 11.694 0241.09,175.03,113.02C21H21O9Glucuronidated equolPLRa,b,d,e,h~j
M6915.45[M-H]-417.119 9417.119 11.986 6257.08,241.09,175.03,113.02C21H21O9Glucuronidated equolPLRb,h,j
M7016.04[M-H]-417.119 8417.119 11.694 0399.11,241.09,175.03,113.02C21H21O9Glucuronidated equolPLRb
M718.43[M+H]+497.075 0497.074 80.257 6479.07,461.05,417.12C21H21O12SSulfonated puerarinPLRc,h
M726.98[M+H]+579.171 3579.170 80.852 5417.12,297.08,267.07C27H31O14Puerarin glycosylationPLRb,c,i,j
M738.87[M+H]+579.170 9579.170 80.114 8417.12,255.07C27H31O14Daidzin glycosylationPLRc
M7412.77[M+H]+431.097 7431.097 30.959 4255.07,227.07,199.08C21H19O10Glucuronidated daidzeinPLRa~d,h
M7513.15[M+H]+431.098 0431.097 31.596 5255.07,227.07,199.08C21H19O10Glucuronidated daidzeinPLRa~j
M768.30[M+H]+433.113 7433.112 91.742 6257.08C21H21O10Glucuronidated and dihydro daidzeinPLRa,b,i,j
M7715.04[M-H]-337.039 6337.038 72.476 3257.08,215.00,135.04C15H13O7SSulfonated and hydroxyl equolPLRc
M7815.77[M+H]+257.081 1257.080 80.971 7163.04,137.02,123.04C15H13O4Dihydro daidzeinPLRb,c,h~j
M7916.64[M-H]-271.060 6271.061 21.430 5165.02C15H11O5Dihydro and hydroxyl daidzeinPLRb,c,i
M8018.59[M-H]-257.082 2257.081 90.860 2151.04,147.04,109.03C15H13O4Tetrahydro isodaidzeinPLRb,c,h~j
M8118.89[M-H]-257.082 2257.081 90.978 9239.07,163.04,147.04,109.03C15H13O4Tetrahydro daidzeinPLRb~d,h~j
M8221.90[M+H]+269.081 0269.080 80.474 7254.06,237.06,213.09C16H13O4Methyl daidzeinPLRb~f,h~j
M8315.13[M+H]+243.101 8243.101 60.844 4133.07,123.04,107.05C15H15O3EquolPLRa,b,d,g,h~j
M8417.28[M+H]+243.101 8243.101 60.969 9133.07,123.04,107.05C15H15O3Isomer of equolPLRa~e,h,i
M8514.41[M-H]-351.018 6351.018 01.635 1271.06,269.05C15H13O6SSulfonated genisteinPLRi,j
M8615.86[M-H]-321.044 0321.043 80.637 8241.09,121.032 01.00,135.04C15H13O6SSulfonated equolPLRc,d
M8716.35[M-H]-321.043 4321.043 8-1.453 4241.09,121.032 01.00,135.04C15H13O6SSulfonated equolPLRg
M8815.72[M-H]-337.039 4337.038 81.933 0257.08,135.04,137.02,121.03C15H13O7SSulfonated and tetrahydro daidzeinPLRb,d
M8916.00[M-H]-337.038 7337.038 8-0.149 5257.08,135.04,137.02,121.03C15H13O7SSulfonated and tetrahydro daidzeinPLRb,c,g
M9015.19[M-H]-337.039 0337.038 80.846 5257.08,135.04,137.02,121.03C15H13O7SSulfonated and tetrahydro daidzeinPLRa~c,h
M9116.35[M-H]-349.002 7349.002 40.929 4269.05,225.06,197.06C15H9O8SSulfonated and hydroxyl daidzeinPLRc
M9214.38[M-H]-335.024 0335.023 12.657 1255.07,253.05,135.01C15H11O7SSulfonated and dihydro daidzeinPLRc
M9314.64[M-H]-335.024 0335.023 12.930 4255.07,253.05,135.01C15H11O7SSulfonated and dihydro daidzeinPLRb,d,h~j
M9411.40[M-H]-333.008 2333.007 52.198 6253.05,225.06,197.06,135.01C15H9O7SSulfonated daidzeinPLRa~d,h~j
M9515.43[M-H]-333.007 8333.007 51.099 9253.05,225.06,197.06,135.01C15H9O7SSulfonated daidzeinPLRa~d,h~j
M9621.47[M-H]-281.045 9281.045 61.251 6253.05,225.06,197.06,135.01C16H9O5daidzein+COPLRb,c,I,j
M9725.40[M+H]+461.402 4461.398 97.548 3443.39,425.38,407.37C30H53O3PPDGRRc
M9824.55[M+H]+477.392 7477.393 8-2.444 3459.38,441.37,423.36C30H53O4PPTGRRc
M9923.67,25.37[M+H]+493.388 2493.388 8-1.026 7475.38,457.37C30H53O5Hydroxyl PPTGRRc
M10024.15[M+H]+487.343 9487.341 84.312 3469.33,457.37,441.33C30H47O5PPD+2O-6HGRRc,i,j
M10124.20[M+H]+473.364 3473.362 53.765 3455.35,425.34C30H49O4PPD+O-4HGRRc,i,j
M10224.18[M+H]+455.353 3455.352 02.854 2437.34.425.34C30H47O3PPD-6HGRRb,c,d,f,i.j
M10324.11[M+H]+443.391 4443.388 46.903 9425.38,407.37C30H51O2PPD-O-2HGRRc,j
M10421.46[M+H]+441.372 9441.372 70.492 9423.36,287.23C30H49O2PPD-O-4HGRRb,c,I,j
M10523.53[M+H]+441.373 1441.372 70.907 7423.36,287.24C30H49O2PPD-O-4HGRRb,c,I,j
M10625.42[M+H]+441.372 5441.372 7-0.406 0423.36,287.24C30H49O2PPD-O-4HGRRb,c,I,j
M10724.20[M+H]+437.341 8437.341 40.891 1419.33,361.29,283.21C30H45O2M106-4HGRRb,c,I,j
M10824.55[M+H]+425.379 4425.377 83.837 5407.37C30H49OPPD-2O-4HGRRc,h,j
M10925.59[M+H]+425.378 1425.377 80.609 1407.37C30H49OPPD-2O-4HGRRc,j
M11026.17[M+H]+425.378 3425.377 81.254 8407.37C30H49OPPD-2O-4HGRRc,j
M11121.61[M+H]+423.362 4423.362 10.527 0405.35C30H47OM110-2HGRRb,c
M11225.40[M+H]+423.362 4423.362 10.527 0405.35C30H47OM110-2HGRRb,c
M11318.57[M+H]+639.447 1639.446 70.625 5621.44,603.42,441.37,423.36,405.35C36H63O9Glucuronidated and dihydro PPDGRRc
M11421.51[M+H]+603.424 2603.425 5-2.214 4441.37,423.36,405.35C36H59O7M113-4H-2OGRRc,I,j
M11518.71[M-H]-653.427 6653.427 00.811 2/C36H61O10(OH+PPT)-GlcGRRc
M11619.06[M-H]-612.394 3612.393 90.555 3525.36,473.36,391.29C33H58O7NSPPT cysteine ConjugationGRRc
M11720.85[M-H]-610.378 6610.378 30.498 2523.35,471.35,389.27C33H56O7NSDihydro M100GRRc
M11823.03[M-H]-505.354 1505.353 51.192 2461.36,391.29,373.28,347.26C30H49O6PPT Dioxygenation with dehydrogenationGRRc
M11918.67[M-H]-507.369 2507.369 10.235 8391.29C30H51O6Dihydro M102GRRc
M12018.50[M-H]-523.365 8523.364 03.356 3505.35,487.34,407.28C30H51O7PPT TrioxygenationGRRc
M12125.81[M+H]+429.373 8429.372 72.496 7411.36,183.12C29H49O2PPD-CH2-O-2HGRRc~j
M12226.72[M+H]+445.368 4445.367 61.697 1283.03C29H49O3PPD-2H-CH2GRRc,f,g,I,j
M12325.08[M-H]-931.529 5931.527 21.608 1885.52,621.44,459.38C47H79O18PPD+Glc+Glc+XylGRRc
), ArticleFig(id=1322922814050804363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322922805838357073, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

补肾活血方在血浆、组织、尿液及粪便中的代谢物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号t/(min)模式实测值(m/z)理论值(m/z)误差(ppm)MS/MS(m/z)化学式化合物名称来源组织分布
M12.81[M-H]-153.055 1153.055 7-4.037 6123.04C8H9O3HydroxytyrosolRRc
M22.42[M-H]-179.034 6179.035 0-2.350 7135.04C9H7O4Caffeic acidRRc,d,i,j
M36.55[M-H]-355.067 6355.067 11.569 0179.03,175.02,135.04,113.02C15H15O10Glucuronidated caffeic acidRRb,h
M46.62[M-H]-258.991 6258.991 8-0.611 3179.03,135.04C9H7O7SSulfonated caffeic acidRRa,b,i,j
M58.15[M-H]-273.007 4273.007 5-0.336 4193.05C10H9O7SSulfonated caffeic acid+CH3RRa,b,e,f,h
M64.66[M-H]-181.050 2181.050 6-2.125 8137.06,135.04C9H9O4Dihydroxycaffeic acidRRb,i,j
M710.40[M-H]-165.055 2165.055 7-3.281 9121.06,119.05C9H9O33-hydroxyphenylpropionic acidRRa~f,h~j
M86.45[M-H]-245.012 7245.012 50.666 7165.05,121.06C9H9O6SSulfonated 3-hydroxyphenylpropionicRRa~k
M93.99[M-H]-163.039 5163.040 1-3.730 3119.05C9H7O3Dehydroxy caffeic acidRRb,c,h
M107.03[M-H]-193.050 3193.050 6-1.756 5178.03,134.04C10H9O4Methyl caffeic acidRRb,c,h
M112.95[M-H]-149.060 1149.060 8-4.686 0121.03,101.02C9H9O23-phenylpropionic acidRRc
M123.37[M-H]-329.087 4329.087 8-1.224 5175.02,153.05,123.05,113.02C14H17O9Glucuronidated hydroxytyrosolRRb
M1316.81[M-H]-651.230 0651.229 40.824 4475.18,193.05C31H39O15Dimethyl acteosideRRc,i
M1415.77[M-H]-637.214 5637.213 81.169 3461.17,193.05,161.02,135.04C30H37O15Methyl acteosideRRc
M151.50,3.30[M-H]-233.012 6233.012 50.111 6153.06,123.04C8H9O6SSulfonated hydroxytyrosolRRa~d,g,h
M164.89[M-H]-343.103 5343.103 5-0.002 3167.07,113.02C15H19O9Glucuronidated hydroxytyrosol+CH3RRb,i,j
M175.40[M-H]-247.028 2247.028 20.065 6167.07,113.02C9H11O6SSulfonated hydroxytyrosol+CH3RRb
M187.19[M-H]-341.086 9341.087 8-2.791 9175.02,165.05,113.02C15H17O9Glucuronidated homovanillinRRa,b,h~j
M193.96[M-H]-181.050 3181.050 6-2.041 5137.06C9H9O4Homovanillic acidRRb~f,h~j
M203.20[M-H]-357.083 3357.082 71.575 4/C15H17O10Glucuronidated homovanillic acidRRb,h
M213.14,5.34[M-H]-261.007 8261.007 51.402 0181.05,137.06C9H9O7SSulfonated homovanillic acidRRb,c,h,I,j
M228.29[M+H]+345.096 6345.098 0-4.022 0327.09,309.20,281.12C18H17O7Demethyl and trihydroxyl tanshinone IIBSMRRc
M2320.81[M+H]+301.143 3301.143 4-0.415 4283.13C18H21O4Demethy and dihydroxyl miltironeSMRRb,c
M2420.18[M+H]+313.071 0313.070 71.214 8269.15,253.05C17H13O6Demethy and dihydroxyl tanshinol BSMRRc
M2521.75[M+H]+313.143 9313.143 41.452 2269.15,154.13C19H21O4Hydroxyl cryptotanshinoneSMRRa~d,h~j
M2616.20[M+H]+355.117 2355.117 6-1.289 1337.11,309.11,313.11,295.10C20H19O6Hydroxyl methyltanshinonateSMRRb,d
M2713.35[M+H]+489.140 0489.139 11.667 5327.09,313.11,295.06C24H25O11Glucuronidated tanshindiol A/B/CSMRRc
M2824.16[M+H]+339.122 3339.122 7-1.137 4321.11,279.10,251.11C20H19O5Methyl tanshinonateSMRRc
M2914.50[M+H]+343.081 3343.082 3-3.083 1325.07,297.08,279.07C18H15O7Demethy and carboxyiated tanshindiol A/B/CSMRRc,i,j
M3023.70[M+H]+297.148 4297.148 5-0.383 8253.16,238.14,225.16,211.11,209.10C19H21O3Hydroxyl dehydromiltironeSMRRa,b,d,e,g
M3123.30[M+H]+297.148 8297.148 50.848 6279.14,251.14,237.09C19H21O3Dihydro tanshinone IIASMRRc,d
M3214.78[M+H]+309.076 0309.075 70.772 6291.06,265.09,235.08,207.08,179.09C18H13O5Dihydroxyl tanshinone ISMRRc
M3322.88[M+H]+309.112 2309.112 10.349 8265.12,247.11,223.08,195.08C19H17O4Hydroxyl and dehydro tanshinone IIASMRRc,i
M3423.49[M+H]+309.112 3309.112 10.646 0265.12,247.11,223.08,195.08C19H17O4Hydroxyl and methyl dihydrotanshinone ISMRRa,b,d~j
M3521.86[M+H]+295.060 5295.060 11.411 3267.07,239.07C17H11O5Demethyl and dihydroxyl tanshinone ISMRRc
M3622.90[M+H]+295.096 6295.096 50.554 8251.11,223.08,195.12,169.06C18H15O4Hydrated tanshinone ISMRRb
M3713.82[M+H]+329.101 6329.103 1-4.369 4311.09,283.10,265.09C18H17O6Demethyl and dihydroxyl tanshinone IIBSMRRc,i,j
M3819.55[M+H]+299.129 2299.127 84.766 7281.08,253.07C18H19O4Demethyl and hydroxyl cryptotanshinoneSMRRb
M3918.71[M-H]-311.092 6311.091 43.826 1267.10,223.07C18H15O5Hydroxyl tanshinol BSMRRa,c,h,i,j
M4021.79[M-H]-325.072 4325.071 82.020 5297.07,295.06,268.04,267.07C18H13O6Demethyl and carboxyiated tanshinol BSMRRb
M4118.92[M+H]+343.118 3343.117 62.134 5325.11C19H19O6Dihydroxyl tanshinone IIBSMRRb,c
M4223.06[M+H]+372.180 7372.180 50.390 1354.17,311.13,283.13,326.18C21H25O5NNeocryptotanshinone glycine conjugateSMRRb,c
M4322.55[M-H]-471.127 9471.128 6-1.366 1295.10C24H23O10Glucuronidated tanshinol BSMRRb
M4422.30[M+H]+331.155 0331.154 02.923 0313.14,295.13C19H23O5Hydroxyl and methyl salvianonolSMRRb,d
M4516.14[M+H]+487.124 6487.124 60.226 1311.09C24H23O11Hydroxyl and glucuronidated tanshinol BSMRRb
M4622.57[M+H]+293.081 0293.080 80.644 1275.07,263.07,249.09,235.08C18H13O4Hydroxyl tanshinone ISMRRa~c
M4723.26[M+H]+285.148 6285.148 50.349 2229.09,225.09,181.10C18H21O3Demethyl and hydroxyl miltironeSMRRb,d,i
M4823.34[M+H]+473.181 1473.180 60.955 1297.15,269.15,241.12,213.09,199.08C25H29O9Glucuronidated cryptotanshinoneSMRRc,i,j
M4916.13[M+H]+267.101 3267.101 6-0.945 3249.11,221.12C17H15O3Decarbonylated hydrated tanshitone ISMRRb
M5023.23[M+H]+287.164 4287.164 20.897 1269.15,251.14,241.12,213.09C18H23O3Decarbonylated neocryptotanshinoneSMRRa,g
M5124.44[M+H]+315.159 6315.159 11.557 1297.15,279.14,268.11,254.09,251.14C19H23O4Hydrated cryptotanshinoneSMRRa~e,h,i
M5224.55[M+H]+277.086 1277.085 90.721 1249.09,221.10C18H13O3Dehydrated tanshinol BSMRRc
M5316.25[M+H]+473.144 5473.145 3-1.731 9297.08,279.07C24H25O10Hydroxyl and glucuronidated danshenxinkun BSMRRc
M5415.64[M+H]+327.086 9327.087 4-1.614 0309.08,281.08,265.09,291.07C18H15O6Hydroxyl and dehydro tanshindiol A/B/CSMRRc,i,j
M5520.92[M+H]+327.123 7327.123 8-0.147 3309.08,299.13,281.11,263.11,235.08C19H19O5Hydroxyl tanshinone IIBSMRRb
M5622.83[M+H]+345.133 5345.134 4-2.631 6327.12,309.11,281.11C19H21O6Hydrated and hydroxyl tanshinone IIBSMRRb
M5720.63[M+H]+301.143 2301.143 4-0.618 1283.13C18H21O4Demethyl neocryptotanshinoneSMRRb,c
M587.91[M+H]+593.149 8593.150 1-0.430 2417.12,399.11,297.08C27H29O15Glucuronidated puerarinPLRb
M5919.45[M-H]-287.093 0287.092 50.901 2272.07,152.01,124.02C16H15O5Methyl and tetrahydro genisteinPLRb,i
M6014.47[M+H]+447.090 6447.092 2-3.468 1271.06,243.07,215.07,153.02C21H19O10Glucuronidated genisteinPLRa,b,d,h
M617.97[M+H]+433.113 3433.112 90.756 2415.10,397.05,379.08,367.08,295.07C21H21O10Hydroxyl puerarinPLRa~c,i,j
M6216.92,15.46,22.97[M-H]-283.061 5283.061 21.154 2268.04,267.03,240.04C16H11O5Methyl genisteinPLRa~j
M638.48[M+H]+595.165 6595.165 7-0.163 2433.11,271.06C27H31O15Glucuronidated genistinPLRc,i
M6414.75[M+H]+315.086 7315.086 31.224 4297.08,283,06,167.09C17H15O6Dimethy and hydroxyl genisteinPLRc
M6516.63[M+H]+301.070 9301.070 70.655 1286.05,269.04,241.05C16H13O6Hydroxyl and methy genisteinPLRb,c
M6621.44,21.62[M+H]+299.091 5299.091 40.408 5284.07,243.10,239.07C17H15O5dihydroxyl genisteinPLRb,c,i
M6713.94[M-H]-337.037 5335.038 7-3.680 9257.08,215.11,135.04,81.07C15H13O7SSulfonated equol+hydroxylPLRb
M6815.16[M-H]-417.119 8417.119 11.694 0241.09,175.03,113.02C21H21O9Glucuronidated equolPLRa,b,d,e,h~j
M6915.45[M-H]-417.119 9417.119 11.986 6257.08,241.09,175.03,113.02C21H21O9Glucuronidated equolPLRb,h,j
M7016.04[M-H]-417.119 8417.119 11.694 0399.11,241.09,175.03,113.02C21H21O9Glucuronidated equolPLRb
M718.43[M+H]+497.075 0497.074 80.257 6479.07,461.05,417.12C21H21O12SSulfonated puerarinPLRc,h
M726.98[M+H]+579.171 3579.170 80.852 5417.12,297.08,267.07C27H31O14Puerarin glycosylationPLRb,c,i,j
M738.87[M+H]+579.170 9579.170 80.114 8417.12,255.07C27H31O14Daidzin glycosylationPLRc
M7412.77[M+H]+431.097 7431.097 30.959 4255.07,227.07,199.08C21H19O10Glucuronidated daidzeinPLRa~d,h
M7513.15[M+H]+431.098 0431.097 31.596 5255.07,227.07,199.08C21H19O10Glucuronidated daidzeinPLRa~j
M768.30[M+H]+433.113 7433.112 91.742 6257.08C21H21O10Glucuronidated and dihydro daidzeinPLRa,b,i,j
M7715.04[M-H]-337.039 6337.038 72.476 3257.08,215.00,135.04C15H13O7SSulfonated and hydroxyl equolPLRc
M7815.77[M+H]+257.081 1257.080 80.971 7163.04,137.02,123.04C15H13O4Dihydro daidzeinPLRb,c,h~j
M7916.64[M-H]-271.060 6271.061 21.430 5165.02C15H11O5Dihydro and hydroxyl daidzeinPLRb,c,i
M8018.59[M-H]-257.082 2257.081 90.860 2151.04,147.04,109.03C15H13O4Tetrahydro isodaidzeinPLRb,c,h~j
M8118.89[M-H]-257.082 2257.081 90.978 9239.07,163.04,147.04,109.03C15H13O4Tetrahydro daidzeinPLRb~d,h~j
M8221.90[M+H]+269.081 0269.080 80.474 7254.06,237.06,213.09C16H13O4Methyl daidzeinPLRb~f,h~j
M8315.13[M+H]+243.101 8243.101 60.844 4133.07,123.04,107.05C15H15O3EquolPLRa,b,d,g,h~j
M8417.28[M+H]+243.101 8243.101 60.969 9133.07,123.04,107.05C15H15O3Isomer of equolPLRa~e,h,i
M8514.41[M-H]-351.018 6351.018 01.635 1271.06,269.05C15H13O6SSulfonated genisteinPLRi,j
M8615.86[M-H]-321.044 0321.043 80.637 8241.09,121.032 01.00,135.04C15H13O6SSulfonated equolPLRc,d
M8716.35[M-H]-321.043 4321.043 8-1.453 4241.09,121.032 01.00,135.04C15H13O6SSulfonated equolPLRg
M8815.72[M-H]-337.039 4337.038 81.933 0257.08,135.04,137.02,121.03C15H13O7SSulfonated and tetrahydro daidzeinPLRb,d
M8916.00[M-H]-337.038 7337.038 8-0.149 5257.08,135.04,137.02,121.03C15H13O7SSulfonated and tetrahydro daidzeinPLRb,c,g
M9015.19[M-H]-337.039 0337.038 80.846 5257.08,135.04,137.02,121.03C15H13O7SSulfonated and tetrahydro daidzeinPLRa~c,h
M9116.35[M-H]-349.002 7349.002 40.929 4269.05,225.06,197.06C15H9O8SSulfonated and hydroxyl daidzeinPLRc
M9214.38[M-H]-335.024 0335.023 12.657 1255.07,253.05,135.01C15H11O7SSulfonated and dihydro daidzeinPLRc
M9314.64[M-H]-335.024 0335.023 12.930 4255.07,253.05,135.01C15H11O7SSulfonated and dihydro daidzeinPLRb,d,h~j
M9411.40[M-H]-333.008 2333.007 52.198 6253.05,225.06,197.06,135.01C15H9O7SSulfonated daidzeinPLRa~d,h~j
M9515.43[M-H]-333.007 8333.007 51.099 9253.05,225.06,197.06,135.01C15H9O7SSulfonated daidzeinPLRa~d,h~j
M9621.47[M-H]-281.045 9281.045 61.251 6253.05,225.06,197.06,135.01C16H9O5daidzein+COPLRb,c,I,j
M9725.40[M+H]+461.402 4461.398 97.548 3443.39,425.38,407.37C30H53O3PPDGRRc
M9824.55[M+H]+477.392 7477.393 8-2.444 3459.38,441.37,423.36C30H53O4PPTGRRc
M9923.67,25.37[M+H]+493.388 2493.388 8-1.026 7475.38,457.37C30H53O5Hydroxyl PPTGRRc
M10024.15[M+H]+487.343 9487.341 84.312 3469.33,457.37,441.33C30H47O5PPD+2O-6HGRRc,i,j
M10124.20[M+H]+473.364 3473.362 53.765 3455.35,425.34C30H49O4PPD+O-4HGRRc,i,j
M10224.18[M+H]+455.353 3455.352 02.854 2437.34.425.34C30H47O3PPD-6HGRRb,c,d,f,i.j
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M10523.53[M+H]+441.373 1441.372 70.907 7423.36,287.24C30H49O2PPD-O-4HGRRb,c,I,j
M10625.42[M+H]+441.372 5441.372 7-0.406 0423.36,287.24C30H49O2PPD-O-4HGRRb,c,I,j
M10724.20[M+H]+437.341 8437.341 40.891 1419.33,361.29,283.21C30H45O2M106-4HGRRb,c,I,j
M10824.55[M+H]+425.379 4425.377 83.837 5407.37C30H49OPPD-2O-4HGRRc,h,j
M10925.59[M+H]+425.378 1425.377 80.609 1407.37C30H49OPPD-2O-4HGRRc,j
M11026.17[M+H]+425.378 3425.377 81.254 8407.37C30H49OPPD-2O-4HGRRc,j
M11121.61[M+H]+423.362 4423.362 10.527 0405.35C30H47OM110-2HGRRb,c
M11225.40[M+H]+423.362 4423.362 10.527 0405.35C30H47OM110-2HGRRb,c
M11318.57[M+H]+639.447 1639.446 70.625 5621.44,603.42,441.37,423.36,405.35C36H63O9Glucuronidated and dihydro PPDGRRc
M11421.51[M+H]+603.424 2603.425 5-2.214 4441.37,423.36,405.35C36H59O7M113-4H-2OGRRc,I,j
M11518.71[M-H]-653.427 6653.427 00.811 2/C36H61O10(OH+PPT)-GlcGRRc
M11619.06[M-H]-612.394 3612.393 90.555 3525.36,473.36,391.29C33H58O7NSPPT cysteine ConjugationGRRc
M11720.85[M-H]-610.378 6610.378 30.498 2523.35,471.35,389.27C33H56O7NSDihydro M100GRRc
M11823.03[M-H]-505.354 1505.353 51.192 2461.36,391.29,373.28,347.26C30H49O6PPT Dioxygenation with dehydrogenationGRRc
M11918.67[M-H]-507.369 2507.369 10.235 8391.29C30H51O6Dihydro M102GRRc
M12018.50[M-H]-523.365 8523.364 03.356 3505.35,487.34,407.28C30H51O7PPT TrioxygenationGRRc
M12125.81[M+H]+429.373 8429.372 72.496 7411.36,183.12C29H49O2PPD-CH2-O-2HGRRc~j
M12226.72[M+H]+445.368 4445.367 61.697 1283.03C29H49O3PPD-2H-CH2GRRc,f,g,I,j
M12325.08[M-H]-931.529 5931.527 21.608 1885.52,621.44,459.38C47H79O18PPD+Glc+Glc+XylGRRc
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基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS和分子网络技术研究补肾活血方在大鼠体内的吸收原型和代谢产物
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王宇 , 匡微 , 黄宇霞 , 谢孟君 , 张梅
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(2): 127-136
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (2) : 127 -136
基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS和分子网络技术研究补肾活血方在大鼠体内的吸收原型和代谢产物
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王宇, 匡微, 黄宇霞, 谢孟君 , 张梅
作者信息
  • 成都中医药大学药学院西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室,四川 成都 611137
通讯作者:
张梅(1963-),女,四川成都人,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中药质量控制与评价。E-mail:。
谢孟君(1995-),四川巴中人,实验师,硕士,研究方向:中药质量控制与评价。E-mail:。
作者简介:

王宇(1999-),女,四川成都人,硕士,研究方向:中药质量控制与评价。

Profiling Absorbed Prototypes and Metabolites of Bushen Huoxue Prescription(补肾活血方):A Comprehensive UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS Study with Molecular Network Analysis
Yu WANG, Wei KUANG, Yuxia HUANG, Mengjun XIE , Mei ZHANG
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources,School of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,Sichuan,China
出版时间: 2025-02-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.029
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目的

补肾活血方由地黄、丹参、人参及葛根组成,目前已证实对糖尿病性视网膜病变有良好的临床疗效。该研究旨在分析此方在大鼠体内的吸收原型和代谢产物,以及这些成分在大鼠体内的分布差异。

方法

SD大鼠灌胃补肾活血方后,收集不同时间点的大鼠血浆、肝、心、脾、肺、肾、肠、胃、眼、尿液及粪便,采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS)采集数据,通过数据库匹配及比对相关文献中的相对分子质量、离子碎片等信息鉴定成分,并结合分子网络技术补充代谢产物。

结果

在大鼠体内共鉴定到75个吸收原型及123个代谢成分,包括苯乙醇苷类、丹参酮类、人参皂苷类、异黄酮类、环烯醚萜类、丹酚酸类等,主要集中于肝和肾中。苯乙醇苷类成分来源于地黄,其生物利用率低,易经过生物转化形成甲基化、葡萄糖醛酸化等代谢物,更多分布于肾中;丹参酮类及异黄酮类原型成分分别来源于丹参和葛根,在大鼠血浆和各组织中易被检测到,其代谢途径以羟基化、甲基化及葡萄糖醛酸化为主,产物易分布于血浆及肝肾组织中。人参皂苷类化合物在大鼠体内易被胃肠道水解为原人参二醇及原人参三醇,经脱氢、脱氧等I相代谢后,产物更多分布于脾。

结论

该研究初步阐明了补肾活血方原型成分及代谢产物的吸收、分布情况,为阐释补肾活血方及地黄、丹参、人参及葛根治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变的药效物质基础提供了科学依据。

补肾活血方  /  吸收原型  /  代谢产物  /  组织分布  /  分子网络技术  /  超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱
Objective

Bushen Huoxue Prescription(补肾活血方,BHP),a traditional Chinese medicine formula,is used for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy(DR). It is composed of four herbal ingredients. However,the absorbed prototypes and metabolites of BHP have not been extensively studied.

Methods

The plasma,liver,heart,spleen,lung,kidney,intestine,stomach,eye,urine and feces of SD rats at different time points were collected after intragastric administration of BHP. The absorbed prototypes and metabolites of BHPin rats were characterized using the UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MSstrategy. The metabolic networks in rats after oral administration of BHP were constructed by molecular network.

Results

Seventy-five absorbed prototypes and 123 metabolites were identified in rats belonging to different groups in BHP,including iridoids,phenylethanol glycosides,tanshinones,ginsenosides,isoflavonoids and other types of compounds. Phenylethanoid glycosides were derived from Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix),which had low bioavailability and were easy to be biotransformed into metabolites such as methylation and glucuronidation,and were more distributed in the kidney. The prototype components of tanshinones and isoflavones were derived from Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)and Gegen(Puerariae Lobatae Radix)respectively,which were easily detected in rat plasma and tissues. The metabolic pathways were mainly hydroxylation,methylation and glucuronidation,and the products were easily distributed in plasma and liver and kidney tissues. Ginsenosides were easily hydrolyzed into protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol in the gastrointestinal tract of rats. After phase I metabolism such as dehydrogenation and deoxidation,the products were more distributed in the spleen.

Conclusion

These findings could reveal the mechanism of action of BHPin DR treatment and provide a method for the discovery of metabolites and metabolic pathways.

Bushen Huoxue Prescription(补肾活血方)  /  absorbed prototypes  /  metabolites  /  tissue distribution  /  molecular network  /  UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS
王宇, 匡微, 黄宇霞, 谢孟君, 张梅. 基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS和分子网络技术研究补肾活血方在大鼠体内的吸收原型和代谢产物. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (2) : 127 -136 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.029
Yu WANG, Wei KUANG, Yuxia HUANG, Mengjun XIE, Mei ZHANG. Profiling Absorbed Prototypes and Metabolites of Bushen Huoxue Prescription(补肾活血方):A Comprehensive UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS Study with Molecular Network Analysis[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (2) : 127 -136 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.029
中药复方活性成分分析,需考虑成分只有达到一定血药浓度后才可能发挥疗效[1-2],且发挥生物活性可能是其代谢物[3-4]。此外,吸收入血的成分会随血液循环分布到各组织中发挥药效作用。因此,深入探究体内吸收和代谢成分,以及成分的组织分布特点至关重要。中药化学成分复杂多样,其体内鉴定常被内源性物质干扰,且多级的生物转化过程使得代谢物表征充满挑战。超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS)技术凭借精确的二级质谱信息和高通量筛选能力,在体内外鉴定中发挥着显著优势。而mzcloud、mzVault及全球天然化合物社交分子网络(global natural products social molecular networking,GNPS)等数据库为解析海量质谱数据提供了强大支持。GNPS是一种可视化谱图的数据库,基于MS/MS质谱碎片的相似性将结构相似的化合物聚集成簇,极大地促进了复杂代谢成分的深度分析[5-6]。
补肾活血方(专利号:200910308470.3)以糖尿病性视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)的“肾虚血瘀”为基本病机,结合中医药配伍机制及临床疗效进行药味加减后,由地黄、丹参、人参及葛根组成。地黄甘润质寒,能够生津养阴,清热凉血,归心、肝、肾经;丹参味苦微寒,具有补虚兼有活血化瘀的功效,归心、肝经;人参性甘,既善补气,又能生津,归脾、肺、心经。葛根甘凉,有清热生津之功,归脾、胃经。四药合用达到治疗肝肾虚损和目窍失养的作用。多项临床及现代药理研究表明,补肾活血方具有良好的防治DR的作用[7-9]。目前,已从补肾活血方中鉴定出了160余种化合物[10],包括环烯醚萜类、苯丙素类、丹参酮类、丹酚酸类、人参皂苷类和异黄酮类等。然而对补肾活血方成分在体内的吸收、分布和代谢研究相对较少,仍然难以明确其药效物质基础。因此,本研究利用UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS结合分子网络技术,对灌胃补肾活血方后的大鼠体内(血浆、组织、尿液和粪便)的原型成分及代谢成分进行鉴定,并对这些成分在大鼠肝、肾、脾、眼等组织的分布情况进行了研究,以阐释补肾活血方及地黄、丹参、人参及葛根治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变的药效物质基础。
UltiMateTM 3000超高效液相色谱仪和Vanquish型高分辨质谱仪(赛默飞世尔科技公司)、RG-160AT高速冷冻离心机(上海卢湘仪离心机仪器有限公司)、超纯水净化系统(安维迪生命科学(浙江)有限公司)、涡旋仪(美国Scientific Industries公司)、KQ3200E超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司)、EZ-2 PLUS真空离心浓缩仪(英国Genevac公司)。
四味药材均购自成都荷花池中药材市场(四川成都),经成都中医药大学裴瑾教授鉴定为玄参科植物地黄Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.的干燥块根、唇形科植物丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.的干燥根、五加科植物人参Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.的干燥细支根或须根、豆科植物野葛Pueraria lobate(Wilid.)Ohwi.的干燥根。
毛蕊花糖苷(批号:MUST-21122712)、二氢丹参酮I(批号:MUST-21102911)、原儿茶酸(批号:MUST-22041413)、益母草苷(批号:MUST-21121010)、人参皂苷Re(批号:MUST-21111816)购自成都曼思特生物科技有限公司。松果菊苷(批号:DSTDS003801)、隐丹参酮(批号:DSTDY001101)、人参皂苷Rd(批号:DSTDR001502)、人参皂苷Rb1(批号:DSTDR001502)、葛根素(批号:DSTDG000201)、大豆苷(批号:DSTDD001901)、人参皂苷Rg2(批号:DSTDR001001)购自成都德思特生物技术有限公司。鸟苷(批号:CHB180118)、原儿茶醛(批号:CHB180928)购自成都克洛玛生物科技有限公司。无水柠檬酸(批号:AF21071151)、肉苁蓉苷A(批号:AF20110801)购自成都埃法生物科技有限公司。大豆苷元(批号:PS0278-0020)购自成都普思生物科技股份有限公司。甲醇和乙腈均为色谱级(美国赛默飞世尔科技公司)。甲酸为质谱级(Rhawn公司)。其他试剂均为分析级。
雄性SD大鼠(200~220 g)21只(华阜康生物科技有限公司)饲养于成都中医药大学动物房,实验动物许可证号为[SYXK(Jing)-2019-0008]。饲养温度为20~26℃,湿度为55%±15%,光照/黑暗周期各12 h,所有老鼠都可以自由获取食物和水。动物研究方案获得成都中医药大学动物伦理委员会批准(审查号:2023033)。
将地黄剪碎;其他3味药粉碎,粉末过3号筛。取人参、葛根、生地黄和丹参按照1∶2∶2∶2的比例称取,加水煎煮2次,每次1 h,第1次加8倍水,第2次加6倍水,合并2次滤液,摇匀,转移到蒸发皿,水浴锅加热蒸发至1 g/mL。
SD大鼠适应环境并喂食7 d,随后被随机分成7组(n=3)。A~B组为空白组,C~G组为给药组。给药组给予11.67 g/kg剂量补肾活血方,空白组以相同剂量蒸馏水。连续灌胃3 d,末次给药前禁食12 h。
末次灌胃后,将A组和G组大鼠放至代谢笼中以获取24 h内的尿液和粪便。B~F组分别在0、0.25、0.5、1、2 h进行腹主动脉取血,之后迅速获取大鼠眼、肝、心、脾、肺、肾、肠和胃。大鼠血液置于肝素钠管中,以转速3500 r/min、温度4℃离心10 min后取上层血浆。大鼠组织样品以生理盐水润洗后黏干。所有生物样品于-80℃保存,备用。
均匀混合所有时间点的样品进行后续操作:向200μL血浆中加入4倍甲醇,涡旋混匀后于4℃,12 000 r/min离心10 min(后续离心参数同此)。上清液于自动浓缩仪中旋转浓缩至干,加200μL甲醇后超声、涡旋复溶,再次离心取上清液即得血浆供试品。向0.2 g组织样品中加入800μL甲醇,匀浆,后续操作同血浆样品。尿液样品操作步骤同血浆。粪便样品风干后碾碎混合均匀,取其中1 g加入10 mL甲醇,超声溶解后离心,上清液浓缩至干,加200μL甲醇复溶,涡旋5 min,离心后上清液为粪便样品。均匀取各个样品10μL混合,制成QC样。
UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS分析在Vanquish UHPLC和Q-Exactive Orbitrap MSsystem(Thermo Scientific,Massachusetts,USA)上进行,该系统配备加热电喷雾离子源(ESI)。采用ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8μm),柱温为35°C,保护柱(ZORBAX SB-C18,2.1 mm×50mm,1.8 μm)(Agilent Technologies,Mississauga,ON,Canada)。流动相为(A)0.1%甲酸-水溶液和(B)0.1%甲酸-甲醇,流速为0.3 mL/min(0~5min,5%~15% B;5~10 min,15% B;10~15 min,15%~45% B;15~20 min,45% B;20~25 min,45%~100% B;25~30 min,100% B,进样量为5μL。采用电喷雾离子源正、负离子分别扫描模式进行检测。喷雾电压3.5 kV(+)/2.5 kV(-),离子传输管和辅助气加热温度分别为300℃和350℃,鞘气和辅助气流速分别为40 arb和15 arb。扫描模式为一级质谱全扫描结合自动触发二级质谱扫描模式(Full MS/dd-MS2),一级分辨率35 000,二级分辨率17 500,扫描范围m/z 100~1500,碰撞能量梯度为20、40、60 eV。
利用Xcalibur 4.6软件采集质谱数据,Compund Discovery 3.0软件对质谱信息进行提取和数据处理。未知化合物通过天然产物未知化合物鉴定模板进行分子式拟合,同时结合数据库(mzVault和mzCloud)进行匹配(match score>80,error<5.0 ppm)。并利用Xcalibur质谱解析软件对原型成分进行鉴别,通过标准品,文献中描述的主要诊断产物离子和中性损失片段进行对比,确认化合物检测的准确性。
使用MSConvert软件将原始数据(.raw)转换为mzXML格式,上传至GNPS,参数设置如下:母离子和子离子质量偏差小于0.02 Da,匹配峰大于6,余弦得分大于0.70,topK设置为10,形成补肾活血方体内成分分子网络。下载可视化集群网络图,随后运用Cytoscape 3.9.1进行可视化分析。根据同类化合物簇节点之间的相似性,以鉴定的原型成分为母体化合物,对比质谱信息、标准品、文献、数据库对可能的代谢产物进行预测。
基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS技术分析了给药后不同时间点混合大鼠血浆和组织样品,按照2.5数据分析与处理策略,通过对比补肾活血方化学成分库、标准品图谱及相关文献中的相对保留时间、一级图谱、精确分子质量、二级碎片等信息,鉴定出了75个体内吸收成分,在血浆、肝、心、脾、肺、肾、眼、小肠、胃分别检出了26、36、26、27、21、41、3、64、45个成分,详细信息见表1,部分样品的总离子流图见图1。
通过与标准品及参考文献的比较,鉴定出4个苯乙醇苷类物质。这类化合物主要来源于补肾活血方君药地黄,主要结构由苯乙醇、咖啡酸和糖组成。通过比对标准品毛蕊花糖苷的色谱保留时间和质谱特征,确认保留时间为14.97 min的色谱峰为毛蕊花糖苷,二级质谱见插页ⅩⅩⅨ图2A。根据精确质量推测其裂解途径为准分子离子峰m/z 623.199 16([C29H36 O15-H]-),碰撞中酰苷键断裂,中性丢失咖啡酰基产生特征碎片离子m/z 461.17([C20 H30 O12-H]-)。脱去的咖啡酰基继续脱水产生特征碎片离子m/z 161.02([C9 H6 O3-H]-),碎片与文献[11]描述一致。最终,峰1、20、66也被鉴定为此类物质。
补肾活血方中含有君药丹参,其主要由脂溶性的丹参酮类成分居多。结合标准品和参考文献,在大鼠体内共鉴定出13个丹参酮类化合物。这类化合物在正离子模式下响应较好,主要裂解特征为脱羟基和丢失水分子。以化合物34为例,通过对比标准品保留时间和裂解碎片,确认保留时间24.01 min的色谱峰为二氢丹参酮Ⅰ,二级质谱见插页ⅩⅩⅨ图2B。根据精确质量推测其裂解途径为准分子离子峰m/z([C15 H14 O3+H]+),特征碎片离子261.09([C15 H14 O3+HH2 O]+),233.10[C15 H14 O3+H+H2 O-CO]+,205.10[C15 H14 O3+H-H2 O-2CO]+。碎片与文献[12]描述一致,峰29、31、35、37、41~48被鉴定为丹参酮类化合物。
人参皂苷是人参的主要有效成分之一,可根据苷元结构分为原人参三醇型(protopanaxatriol,PPT)、原人参二醇型(protopanaxadiol,PPD)和齐墩果酸型人参皂苷。PPT与PPD皂苷负离子模式下,大多形成甲酸加合离子,二级裂解时通常优先丢失糖配基,并获得苷元离子信息,其中原人参三醇型皂苷苷元离子为m/z475.38,原人参二醇型皂苷苷元离子为m/z 459.38。中性丢失162.05 Da,146.06 Da和132.04 Da分别对应葡萄糖、鼠李糖和木糖/阿拉伯糖。以化合物68为例,结合标准品保留时间和裂解碎片,确认保留时间为21.40 min的色谱峰为人参皂苷Re,二级质谱见插页ⅩⅩⅨ图2C。根据精确质量推测其裂解途径为准分子离子峰m/z 945.543 95[C48 H82 O18-H]-依次丢失一个鼠李糖得到m/z 799.49、一个葡萄糖得到m/z 637.43、一个葡萄糖得到三醇型特征离子m/z 475.38。碎片与文献[13]描述一致。类似地,还鉴定出了2个人参二醇型(峰67、72)和3个人参三醇型皂苷(峰69、70、71)。
葛根是补肾活血方的佐使药,其主要成分由异黄酮构成,从大鼠体内共鉴定出14个异黄酮类化合物。结构母核是以C6-C3-C6为骨架的2-苯基色原酮,自然界中主要以游离黄酮苷元、与糖结合的黄酮苷两种形式存在。在正负扫描模式的一级质谱图中,异黄酮苷元均给出准分子离子峰[M+H]+、[M-H]-,几乎无碎片离子,有利于推断其分子质量。而且易丢失中性碎片CO(28 Da)、CO2(44 Da)、H2 O(18 Da)、CH3(15 Da)等离子。以化合物63为例,结合标准品保留时间和裂解碎片,确认保留时间为12.19 min的色谱峰为葛根素,二级质谱见插页ⅩⅩⅨ图2D。根据精确质量推测其裂解途径为准分子离子峰m/z([C21 H20 O9+H]+),准分子离子丢失一系列H2O形成碎片离子m/z 399.11,m/z 381.10,发生糖降解及丢失1分子H2 O后形成的碎片离子m/z 297.08[M+HH2O-C4H6O3]+.碎片与文献[14]描述一致。同样,化合物49、50、52~61、65被鉴定为异黄酮类化合物。
了解补肾活血方原型成分进入体内后的代谢产物对于阐明补肾活血方的有效物质基础和作用机制至关重要。在分子网络的分类结果指导下,结合相关文献报道的代谢规律,进一步通过Compound Discover 3.2对质谱数据进行分析,最终从大鼠血浆、各组织、尿液和粪便中鉴定出异黄酮类代谢产物,人参皂苷类代谢产物,丹参酮类代谢产物、苯乙醇苷类代谢产物,共123个。在血浆、肝、心、脾、肺、肾、眼、小肠、胃、尿液和粪便中分别检出了25、23、13、11、12、33、1、49、46、71、87个化合物,具体鉴定结果见表2。
在负离子模式下,异黄酮类代谢物聚成一簇,见插页ⅩⅩⅩ图3A。节点253.051 1保留时间为16.57,经Xcalibur拟合其元素组成为C15 H10 O4。与标准品大豆苷元保留时间一致。MS/MS图谱显示253.05(C15 H10 O4),225.06(C14 H9O3),224.05(C14H8O3),209.06(C14H9O2)与标准品及文献报道一致,因此被鉴定为大豆苷元。将此节点作为核心节点推导其代谢物,以节点M96(281.046 0),M94(333.007 9),M91(349.002 6)为例。节点M96的保留时间为21.47,相对分子质量比大豆苷元多28 Da,经Xcalibur拟合其元素组成C16 H10 O5,MS/MS图谱显示281.05(C16H9O5),253.05(C15H10 O4),225.06(C14H9O3),与大豆苷元碎片一致,因此推断节点M96为大豆苷元的羧化产物。节点M94的保留时间为15.43,相对分子质量比大豆苷元多80 Da,经Xcalibur拟合其元素组成C16 H10 O7S。MS/MS图谱显示333.01(C15H9O7S),253.05(C15 H10 O4),225.06(C14 H9O3),与大豆苷元一致。因此,推断节点M94为大豆苷元的磺酸化产物。节点M91保留时间为16.35,相对分子质量比大豆苷多96,经Xcalibur拟合其元素组成C15 H10 O8 S。MS/MS图谱显示349.00(C15 H9O8S),269.05(C15 H9O5),225.06(C14 H9O3),推测为大豆苷元的磺酸化和羟基化产物。
在正离子模式下,人参皂苷类的代谢物聚成一簇,见插页ⅩⅩⅩ图3B。节点461.399 2的保留时间为25.40,经Xcalibur拟合其元素组成为C30 H52 O3。MS/MS图谱显示461.40(C30 H53O3),443.39(C30 H51 O2),425.38(C30 H49 O)和407.37(C30 H47)二级碎片,与文献[15]一致,因此被确认为PPD。将此节点作为核心节点推导其代谢物,以节点M103(443.388 5),M104(441.373 5),M109(425.377 8)为例。节点M103的保留时间为24.11,比PPD少18 Da,经Xcalibur拟合其元素组成为C30 H51 O2。它和PPD拥有相同MS/MS碎片425.28和407.37。因此,推测其为PPD的水解产物。节点M104的保留时间为21.46,经Xcalibur拟合其元素组成为C30 H49 O2。准分子离子峰及二级碎片均比节点A少2 Da,因此,推测节点B为PPD水解及脱双氢代谢产物。节点M109的保留时间为24.55,比PPD少36Da,经Xcalibur拟合其元素组成为C30H49O,与PPD拥有相同碎片407.37。因此被推断为PPD的双水解代谢产物。
苯乙醇苷类原型成分集中在胃肠道,而在血浆和组织中未被检出。据文献报道,毛蕊花糖苷口服利用度极低(仅为0.12%),在体内容易被水解[11]。由此推测,这类物质首先在胃肠道发生生物转化,生成羟基酪醇[16]和咖啡酸[17]发挥生物活性。此后,羟基酪醇继续代谢生成甲基化、葡萄糖醛酸化和磺酸化产物。咖啡酸在体内多发生氢化、去羟基化和磺酸化反应。苯乙醇苷类代谢物主要分布在肾中,暗示其更多通过尿液排泄。
丹参酮类是丹参中一类脂溶性活性成分。在血浆和各个组织中均能检测到原型成分,说明丹参酮口服后可直接被吸收,发挥生物活性作用[12]。在大鼠的体内、尿液和粪便检测到多个丹参酮的代谢物,并明确了这些代谢物的代谢途径,主要为甲基化/去甲基化、羟基化、羧化、葡萄糖醛酸化等,集中分布在血浆和肝中,说明其成分更多通过粪便排泄。
人参皂苷在大鼠体内主要以活性代谢物PPD和PPT形式存在,然后发生进一步代谢。在大鼠体内检测到多个PPD和PPT的代谢物,主要途径为I相代谢,包括单氧合、脱氢和脱氧。在大鼠粪便中也发现了PPD的葡萄糖醛酸化产物,据文献报道[15],当PPD的I相代谢饱和、药物开始在体内积累时,可能进行Ⅱ相代谢。人参皂苷类代谢物主要分布在脾、肺、肝和肾中,说明其更多通过粪便排泄。
补肾活血方含有丰富的异黄酮类成分,包括葛根素、大豆苷和大豆苷元。此类成分分布在大鼠血浆及各个组织中很容易发生葡糖糖醛酸化反应,生成Ⅱ相代谢产物。此外,在体内还观察到了氢化、羟基化、甲基化和磺酸化等代谢途径。经过代谢,异黄酮类成分都最终转化成雌马酚[18],在血浆、肝、肾、肺及胃肠道均被检测到。雌马酚可能是补肾活血方潜在的活性成分。这类化合物主要分布在血浆和肝肾中,说明异黄酮类成分更多通过尿液排泄。
根据补肾活血方化学成分库、标准品信息及相关文献报道的相对保留时间、一级质谱及裂解规律,鉴定出了补肾活血方的75个体内吸收成分,包括4个苯乙醇苷类、13个丹参酮类、6个人参皂苷类及14个异黄酮类等。苯乙醇苷类化合物来源于地黄,这类成分具有抗氧化、抗炎及保肝作用[11,19],可通过抑制糖基化终末产物干预下视网膜Müller细胞中低氧诱导因子-1α的表达[20]以达到防治DR的目的。丹参酮类化合物来源于丹参,可抑制炎症反应,调控血管内皮生长因子表达从而抑制视网膜新生血管生成,改善微循环,保护视网膜[21-23]。人参皂苷类成分具有降低糖基化终末产物干预下视网膜Müller细胞膜的通透性,增强其细胞活力的作用[24-25];此外,还可以保护胰岛细胞,改善胰岛素抵抗,具有降血糖、抗炎及抗氧化等作用[26],在糖尿病及其并发症的治疗中受到广泛关注。异黄酮类成分来源于葛根,能够抑制糖基化终末产物及视网膜血管内皮生长因子的表达以防治DR[27]。由此推断,补肾活血方主要通过调节血糖水平及微循环、通过炎症反应、氧化应激等通路发挥防治DR的作用。
组织分布实验表明,除胃肠道以外,补肾活血方原型及代谢成分更多集中在肝肾组织中,分别检出了62和74个成分,其中,以丹参酮类、异黄酮类及异黄酮代谢物成分居多。地黄原型成分在各组织难以检测到,然而在肾中检测到大量经代谢后的苯乙醇苷类成分,推测地黄主要通过胃肠道生物转化后的成分发挥药理活性。中医观点[28-29]认为DR的核心病机在于血瘀,其发病机理主要在于肝肾亏虚,气阴两虚所导致的目络不得濡养。“肝开窍于目,目得血而能视”,因此DR病变脏腑在肝。由此推测,补肾活血方活性成分经胃肠道吸收入血后很快分布于肝肾组织中发挥药效作用。此外,糖代谢的主要器官在于肝,肝功能障碍常发生在许多患糖尿病人群中。因此预示着补肾活血方入肝肾成分可能是发挥药效的活性成分,值得进一步探讨其药效价值。值得注意的是,在血浆和大多数组织中未发现人参皂苷类原型成分,而在脾中检测到了一些人参皂苷类的代谢物。据文献报道[15],人参皂苷类成分进入胃肠道后,被胃酸和肠道细菌去糖基化,以PPD和PPT及其代谢物形式存在。中医“肝脾相关”理论认为“土得木而达”,DR则是“肾虚及肝”“肝病及脾”的传变过程。因此,推测人参皂苷及其代谢物主要从益肾固本,疏肝健脾的角度防治DR。此外,葛根中异黄酮类成分经过体内生物转化后会转变成具有生物活性的最终代谢产物-雌马酚[14]。由此可见,中药复方进入体内经过吸收,分布,代谢,排泄一系列过程后,成分发生了很大改变,发挥药效的成分可能是原型成分,也可能是代谢成分。
综上所述,本研究基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS和分子网络技术探讨了补肾活血方在大鼠体内的吸收原型及代谢产物,并明确了这些成分在组织中的分布差异,初步阐释了补肾活血方及地黄、丹参、人参及葛根治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变的物质基础。研究方法快速简便,可为其他复方制剂的物质基础研究提供参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82174273; 81774202; 82305323)
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2025年第43卷第2期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.02.029
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-02-10
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国家自然科学基金项目(82174273; 81774202; 82305323)
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    成都中医药大学药学院西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室,四川 成都 611137

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张梅(1963-),女,四川成都人,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中药质量控制与评价。E-mail:。
谢孟君(1995-),四川巴中人,实验师,硕士,研究方向:中药质量控制与评价。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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