Article(id=1322912201228563296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322912162913596032, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793336447292, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1736438400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793336447292, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793336447292, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793336447292, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322912162913596032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1736438400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793336438157, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340633627, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929760048906989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322912162913596032, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929760048906990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322912162913596032, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=64, endPage=68, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322912202902090593, articleId=1322912201228563296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Differences in Biological Traits between Male and Female Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)and Use of SSR Molecular Markers for Early Sex Identification Studied, columnId=1256183365644968140, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Platform of Provincial Project, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To observe the differences in biological traits between male and female Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)and to screen and identify simple sequence repeats(SSR)loci,so as to provide methods and basis for clarifying the differences bet ween male and female Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)and identifying the sexes of Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)in the early stage.

Methods

The differences in biological traitswere observed and analyzed by using the artificial ex-situ planting for 4 years as experimental materials,and the SSR marker identification technology was used to dig out and verify the specific SSR loci ofmale and female Fangji(Stephania tetrandra),and the SSR marker sites that can be used for early identification ofmale and female Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)were screened and obtained.

Results

There was no significant difference in the phenotypic traits of female and male Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)at the 0.05 significant level,and there was no significant difference in the diameter,surface color or cross-section color of male and female Fangji(Stephania tetrandra),but the diameter,surface color or cross-section color of of female Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)were lighter and more brittle and powdery than those of male Fangji(Stephania tetrandra). A total of 38 956marker sites were obtained by mining SSRmolecular marker sites with MISA,including 25 632 loci formale plants and 30 389 loci for female plants.

Conclusion

There were some differences in the phenotypic traits of male and female Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)and the traits of medicinal materials,but there was no significant difference in the overall quality traits. The SSR molecular marker differential loci screened in this study can identify the sex of Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)at an early stage,which can provide an effective basis for the development of Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)planting industry.

, authors=Guoyue YAN1, 2, Zhipeng DONG1, Yanyuan BAI1, 2, Yaoyan LI1, 2, Mengxue SU1, Qing CHEN3, Yangjiao XIE1, 2, authorsList=Guoyue YAN, Zhipeng DONG, Yanyuan BAI, Yaoyan LI, Mengxue SU, Qing CHEN, Yangjiao XIE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yangjiao XIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322912203615122276, articleId=1322912201228563296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=雌雄防己生物性状差异及利用SSR分子标记进行雌雄防己早期性别鉴定研究, columnId=1256183362172142382, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=国家项目点击, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

观察雌雄防己生物性状差异并筛选鉴定雌雄防己的简单重复序列(Simple Sequence Repeats,SSR)位点,为明确防己雌雄差异及早期鉴定防己性别提供方法和依据。

方法

以人工迁地种植4年的防己为实验材料,对其生物性状差异进行观测和分析,并利用SSR分子标记鉴定技术挖掘雌雄防己特异SSR位点并验证,筛选获得可用于早期鉴定雌雄防己的SSR标记位点。

结果

雌性防己株型较大,分枝较多,所测雌雄防己数值型表型性状在0.05显著水平下均无显著差异;粉防己碱和防己诺林碱及药材直径、表面颜色、断面颜色在雌雄防己间差异不显著,但雌性防己药材相较于雄性体轻质脆,粉性更低。用微卫星识别工具(MIcroSAtellite identification tool,MISA)挖掘SSR分子标记位点,共得标记位点38 956个,其中雄性植株获得25632个位点,雌性植株获得30389个位点,通过对比雌雄防己特异SSR位点,共获得98个鉴别防己雌雄的优选位点,经验证基于该类位点两端保守序列设计的引物能够有效鉴定防己性别。

结论

雌雄防己表型性状及药材性状有一定的差异,但整体质量性状差异不明显;研究筛选的SSR分子标记差异基因位点能够在早期鉴定防己的性别,可为防己的种植产业发展提供有效依据。

, authors=闫国跃1, 2, 董志鹏1, 白燕远1, 2, 李耀燕1, 2, 苏梦雪1, 陈清3, 谢阳姣1, 2, authorsList=闫国跃, 董志鹏, 白燕远, 李耀燕, 苏梦雪, 陈清, 谢阳姣, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=谢阳姣, authorNote=

闫国跃(1985-),男,山西临汾人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:民族医药资源保护与利用。

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谢阳姣(1975-),女,湖南桂阳人,研究员,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中药、民族药资源与开发。E-mail:。
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闫国跃(1985-),男,山西临汾人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:民族医药资源保护与利用。

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language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=张虹, 罗会婷, 严灵君, journalName=分子植物育种, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张虹,罗会婷,严灵君,等.“凤丹”根皮转录组SSR位点特征分析[J/OL].分子植物育种,1-12[2024-02-15]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/46.1068.S.20240202.1840.018.html., articleTitle=“凤丹”根皮转录组SSR位点特征分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322912470679028532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912201228563296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=55, issue=3, pageStart=928, pageEnd=936, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=蒋路园, 吴文丽, 张恺恺, journalName=中草药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蒋路园,吴文丽,张恺恺,等.南方红豆杉转录组SSR位点分析及其分子标记开发[J].中草药,2024,55(3):928-936., articleTitle=南方红豆杉转录组SSR位点分析及其分子标记开发, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322912468091142937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912201228563296, awardId=82360749; 81760681, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(82360749; 81760681), 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postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.广西中医药大学科学实验中心,广西 南宁 530200)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322912464991552265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912201228563296, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=06tKv6K13Oyam/ZePlxlyA==, figureFileBig=I0FVzAgpiwQTwzzV7epjhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322912465088021258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912201228563296, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PCR扩增程序, figureFileSmall=06tKv6K13Oyam/ZePlxlyA==, figureFileBig=I0FVzAgpiwQTwzzV7epjhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322912465197073163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912201228563296, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标数值型性状莱文方差等同性检验平均值等同性t检验
F值显著性t值自由度Sig.(双尾)平均值差值标准误差差值差值95%置信区间
下限上限
防己诺林碱假定等方差2.320.131.09113.000.280.110.10-0.090.32
不假定等方差1.0157.860.320.110.11-0.110.33
粉防己碱假定等方差1.040.310.67113.000.500.080.12-0.160.32
不假定等方差0.6357.290.540.080.13-0.180.34
总含量假定等方差1.310.250.96113.000.340.190.20-0.210.59
不假定等方差0.8956.880.380.190.22-0.240.63
直径假定等方差1.010.32-1.62113.000.11-0.290.18-0.650.07
不假定等方差-1.7885.890.08-0.290.16-0.620.03
), ArticleFig(id=1322912465272570636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912201228563296, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

雌雄防己有效成分含量数值型性状独立样本T检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标数值型性状莱文方差等同性检验平均值等同性t检验
F值显著性t值自由度Sig.(双尾)平均值差值标准误差差值差值95%置信区间
下限上限
防己诺林碱假定等方差2.320.131.09113.000.280.110.10-0.090.32
不假定等方差1.0157.860.320.110.11-0.110.33
粉防己碱假定等方差1.040.310.67113.000.500.080.12-0.160.32
不假定等方差0.6357.290.540.080.13-0.180.34
总含量假定等方差1.310.250.96113.000.340.190.20-0.210.59
不假定等方差0.8956.880.380.190.22-0.240.63
直径假定等方差1.010.32-1.62113.000.11-0.290.18-0.650.07
不假定等方差-1.7885.890.08-0.290.16-0.620.03
), ArticleFig(id=1322912465364845325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912201228563296, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状变量出现频率/(%)性状变量出现频率/(%)
雌雄雌雄
表面颜色淡灰黄色33.3335.44质地体重,质坚实58.3378.48
灰黄色22.2221.52体轻,质脆41.6721.52
灰棕色44.4443.04粉性M10.002.53
断面颜色浅白色22.2225.32M216.677.59
灰白色44.4446.84M336.1131.65
浅棕色22.2217.72M433.3336.71
灰棕色11.116.33M513.8921.52
棕色0.003.80
), ArticleFig(id=1322912465457120014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912201228563296, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

雌雄防己非数值型药材性状信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状变量出现频率/(%)性状变量出现频率/(%)
雌雄雌雄
表面颜色淡灰黄色33.3335.44质地体重,质坚实58.3378.48
灰黄色22.2221.52体轻,质脆41.6721.52
灰棕色44.4443.04粉性M10.002.53
断面颜色浅白色22.2225.32M216.677.59
灰白色44.4446.84M336.1131.65
浅棕色22.2217.72M433.3336.71
灰棕色11.116.33M513.8921.52
棕色0.003.80
), ArticleFig(id=1322912465557783311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912201228563296, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标表型性状/(%)雌雄
叶形长尾心42.8634.41
心形46.9444.09
肾形6.125.38
卵形4.0816.13
叶基平46.9432.26
凹42.8646.24
凸10.2021.51
分枝多89.8049.46
少10.2050.54
株型大71.4344.09
中等18.3724.73
小10.2031.18
), ArticleFig(id=1322912465641669392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912201228563296, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

非数型表型性状统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标表型性状/(%)雌雄
叶形长尾心42.8634.41
心形46.9444.09
肾形6.125.38
卵形4.0816.13
叶基平46.9432.26
凹42.8646.24
凸10.2021.51
分枝多89.8049.46
少10.2050.54
株型大71.4344.09
中等18.3724.73
小10.2031.18
), ArticleFig(id=1322912465767498513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912201228563296, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标数值型表型性状莱文方差等同性检验平均值等同性t检验
F值显著性t值自由度Sig.(双尾)平均值差值标准误差差值95%置信区间
下限上限
节长假定等方差0.020.881.54139.000.130.260.17-0.080.60
不假定等方差1.56103.370.120.260.17-0.070.60
叶宽假定等方差0.490.492.00139.000.050.430.220.000.86
不假定等方差1.9692.570.050.430.22-0.010.87
叶长假定等方差0.020.891.18139.000.240.280.24-0.190.75
不假定等方差1.22107.740.230.280.23-0.180.74
叶面积假定等方差0.780.381.82139.000.074.772.63-0.439.96
不假定等方差1.7589.030.084.772.72-0.6310.17
长宽比假定等方差2.310.13-0.86139.000.39-0.020.02-0.070.03
不假定等方差-1.03138.840.31-0.020.02-0.060.02
), ArticleFig(id=1322912465847190290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912201228563296, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

数值型表型性状独立样本检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标数值型表型性状莱文方差等同性检验平均值等同性t检验
F值显著性t值自由度Sig.(双尾)平均值差值标准误差差值95%置信区间
下限上限
节长假定等方差0.020.881.54139.000.130.260.17-0.080.60
不假定等方差1.56103.370.120.260.17-0.070.60
叶宽假定等方差0.490.492.00139.000.050.430.220.000.86
不假定等方差1.9692.570.050.430.22-0.010.87
叶长假定等方差0.020.891.18139.000.240.280.24-0.190.75
不假定等方差1.22107.740.230.280.23-0.180.74
叶面积假定等方差0.780.381.82139.000.074.772.63-0.439.96
不假定等方差1.7589.030.084.772.72-0.6310.17
长宽比假定等方差2.310.13-0.86139.000.39-0.020.02-0.070.03
不假定等方差-1.03138.840.31-0.020.02-0.060.02
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样本性别基因数/(个)独有基因数/(个)独有基因占比/(%)
HNMZ4雄13 535259419.17
AHZSW3雄13 299257319.35
ZJYT6雄10 114161515.97
JXGB2雄11 408190016.65
AHJX2雌14 382308121.42
FJML5雌13 917312722.47
JXSLX1雌14 506263418.16
HNMZ1雌14 370314821.91
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不同性别防己SSR位点数

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样本性别基因数/(个)独有基因数/(个)独有基因占比/(%)
HNMZ4雄13 535259419.17
AHZSW3雄13 299257319.35
ZJYT6雄10 114161515.97
JXGB2雄11 408190016.65
AHJX2雌14 382308121.42
FJML5雌13 917312722.47
JXSLX1雌14 506263418.16
HNMZ1雌14 370314821.91
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序号基因_IDSSR类型SSR重复单元正向引物FPr3(5'-3')反向引物RPr3(5'-3')目的片段长度/(bp)
Gene1BIO_Unigene_31541p3(ACA)8GCAACGCTCCACAGTTTCTTGCCTGTCCTAGCACCTTCAC265
Gene2BIO_Unigene_21006p3(TCT)7CGAGGGCATTGTTCAAGAGTTGCTTCCACAAGTGATGCTC211
Gene3BIO_Unigene_23726p2(TA)12CAAGCGCCTTATGACCTGTAGGCAAGCGAATGGTATTGTT260
Gene4BIO_Unigene_24347p2(CT)9AACGCAACCACCAATTTCTCTAATGGAAGTCAAAAGCCCG169
Gene5BIO_Unigene_21006c(CT)10ccctctcc(CT)6GTTCGCGTGAGACTTGTGAGCGCTCATTGTCGCTCTACTG102
Gene6BIO_Unigene_07846p3(CAA)6ACTCTTTGGCGGCCTTTAATGTTGCTGTTGCTGTTGCTGT207
Gene7BIO_Unigene_07846p3(CGG)5AGTCCTCAGGTGATGATGGCTTGCTTTTGAATCCTCCACC234
Gene8BIO_Unigene_18760p2(AG)12GAAGCGGATTCGAAGAAAAGTGCAACAAGAATGGGAATCA264
Gene9BIO_Unigene_26570p3(ACC)6TCCGGCCTAGACTACTCCCTGAAGTCTTGGCCTGGTTCAA254
Gene10BIO_Unigene_19939p3(ACA)6CTTTTCTCGCAAAATCCCAATCTATGTAGCCGACCCCAAC111
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引物序列

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序号基因_IDSSR类型SSR重复单元正向引物FPr3(5'-3')反向引物RPr3(5'-3')目的片段长度/(bp)
Gene1BIO_Unigene_31541p3(ACA)8GCAACGCTCCACAGTTTCTTGCCTGTCCTAGCACCTTCAC265
Gene2BIO_Unigene_21006p3(TCT)7CGAGGGCATTGTTCAAGAGTTGCTTCCACAAGTGATGCTC211
Gene3BIO_Unigene_23726p2(TA)12CAAGCGCCTTATGACCTGTAGGCAAGCGAATGGTATTGTT260
Gene4BIO_Unigene_24347p2(CT)9AACGCAACCACCAATTTCTCTAATGGAAGTCAAAAGCCCG169
Gene5BIO_Unigene_21006c(CT)10ccctctcc(CT)6GTTCGCGTGAGACTTGTGAGCGCTCATTGTCGCTCTACTG102
Gene6BIO_Unigene_07846p3(CAA)6ACTCTTTGGCGGCCTTTAATGTTGCTGTTGCTGTTGCTGT207
Gene7BIO_Unigene_07846p3(CGG)5AGTCCTCAGGTGATGATGGCTTGCTTTTGAATCCTCCACC234
Gene8BIO_Unigene_18760p2(AG)12GAAGCGGATTCGAAGAAAAGTGCAACAAGAATGGGAATCA264
Gene9BIO_Unigene_26570p3(ACC)6TCCGGCCTAGACTACTCCCTGAAGTCTTGGCCTGGTTCAA254
Gene10BIO_Unigene_19939p3(ACA)6CTTTTCTCGCAAAATCCCAATCTATGTAGCCGACCCCAAC111
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植株编号Gene1Gene2Gene3Gene4Gene5Gene6Gene7Gene8Gene9Gene10
雄11000000000
雄21000000000
雄31000000000
雄41000000000
雄51000000000
雄61000000000
雄71000000000
雄81000000000
雄91000000000
雄101000000000
雌10111111111
雌20111111111
雌30111011111
雌40111111111
雌50101111011
雌60111111101
雌70111011111
雌80111111111
雌90111111110
雌100111111111
), ArticleFig(id=1322912466358895384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, articleId=1322912201228563296, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

差异位点验证结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植株编号Gene1Gene2Gene3Gene4Gene5Gene6Gene7Gene8Gene9Gene10
雄11000000000
雄21000000000
雄31000000000
雄41000000000
雄51000000000
雄61000000000
雄71000000000
雄81000000000
雄91000000000
雄101000000000
雌10111111111
雌20111111111
雌30111011111
雌40111111111
雌50101111011
雌60111111101
雌70111011111
雌80111111111
雌90111111110
雌100111111111
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雌雄防己生物性状差异及利用SSR分子标记进行雌雄防己早期性别鉴定研究
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闫国跃 1, 2 , 董志鹏 1 , 白燕远 1, 2 , 李耀燕 1, 2 , 苏梦雪 1 , 陈清 3 , 谢阳姣 1, 2
中华中医药学刊 | 国家项目点击 2025,43(1): 64-68
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中华中医药学刊 |国家项目点击 2025 , 43 (1) : 64 -68
雌雄防己生物性状差异及利用SSR分子标记进行雌雄防己早期性别鉴定研究
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2.广西壮瑶医药与医养结合人才小高地,广西 南宁 530200, bio={"content":"

闫国跃(1985-),男,山西临汾人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:民族医药资源保护与利用。

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闫国跃(1985-),男,山西临汾人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:民族医药资源保护与利用。

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闫国跃1, 2, 董志鹏1, 白燕远1, 2, 李耀燕1, 2, 苏梦雪1, 陈清3, 谢阳姣1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.广西中医药大学瑶医药学院,广西 南宁 530200
  • 2.广西壮瑶医药与医养结合人才小高地,广西 南宁 530200
  • 3.广西中医药大学科学实验中心,广西 南宁 530200
通讯作者:
谢阳姣(1975-),女,湖南桂阳人,研究员,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中药、民族药资源与开发。E-mail:。
作者简介:

闫国跃(1985-),男,山西临汾人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:民族医药资源保护与利用。

Differences in Biological Traits between Male and Female Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)and Use of SSR Molecular Markers for Early Sex Identification Studied
Guoyue YAN1, 2, Zhipeng DONG1, Yanyuan BAI1, 2, Yaoyan LI1, 2, Mengxue SU1, Qing CHEN3, Yangjiao XIE1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Yao Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
  • 2.Guangxi Talent Highland for Zhuang & Yao Medicine and Combination of Medical Care and Elderly Care, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
  • 3.Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
出版时间: 2025-01-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.012
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目的

观察雌雄防己生物性状差异并筛选鉴定雌雄防己的简单重复序列(Simple Sequence Repeats,SSR)位点,为明确防己雌雄差异及早期鉴定防己性别提供方法和依据。

方法

以人工迁地种植4年的防己为实验材料,对其生物性状差异进行观测和分析,并利用SSR分子标记鉴定技术挖掘雌雄防己特异SSR位点并验证,筛选获得可用于早期鉴定雌雄防己的SSR标记位点。

结果

雌性防己株型较大,分枝较多,所测雌雄防己数值型表型性状在0.05显著水平下均无显著差异;粉防己碱和防己诺林碱及药材直径、表面颜色、断面颜色在雌雄防己间差异不显著,但雌性防己药材相较于雄性体轻质脆,粉性更低。用微卫星识别工具(MIcroSAtellite identification tool,MISA)挖掘SSR分子标记位点,共得标记位点38 956个,其中雄性植株获得25632个位点,雌性植株获得30389个位点,通过对比雌雄防己特异SSR位点,共获得98个鉴别防己雌雄的优选位点,经验证基于该类位点两端保守序列设计的引物能够有效鉴定防己性别。

结论

雌雄防己表型性状及药材性状有一定的差异,但整体质量性状差异不明显;研究筛选的SSR分子标记差异基因位点能够在早期鉴定防己的性别,可为防己的种植产业发展提供有效依据。

防己  /  性状差异  /  SSR分子标记
Objective

To observe the differences in biological traits between male and female Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)and to screen and identify simple sequence repeats(SSR)loci,so as to provide methods and basis for clarifying the differences bet ween male and female Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)and identifying the sexes of Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)in the early stage.

Methods

The differences in biological traitswere observed and analyzed by using the artificial ex-situ planting for 4 years as experimental materials,and the SSR marker identification technology was used to dig out and verify the specific SSR loci ofmale and female Fangji(Stephania tetrandra),and the SSR marker sites that can be used for early identification ofmale and female Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)were screened and obtained.

Results

There was no significant difference in the phenotypic traits of female and male Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)at the 0.05 significant level,and there was no significant difference in the diameter,surface color or cross-section color of male and female Fangji(Stephania tetrandra),but the diameter,surface color or cross-section color of of female Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)were lighter and more brittle and powdery than those of male Fangji(Stephania tetrandra). A total of 38 956marker sites were obtained by mining SSRmolecular marker sites with MISA,including 25 632 loci formale plants and 30 389 loci for female plants.

Conclusion

There were some differences in the phenotypic traits of male and female Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)and the traits of medicinal materials,but there was no significant difference in the overall quality traits. The SSR molecular marker differential loci screened in this study can identify the sex of Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)at an early stage,which can provide an effective basis for the development of Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)planting industry.

Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)  /  trait differences  /  SSR molecular marker
闫国跃, 董志鹏, 白燕远, 李耀燕, 苏梦雪, 陈清, 谢阳姣. 雌雄防己生物性状差异及利用SSR分子标记进行雌雄防己早期性别鉴定研究. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (1) : 64 -68 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.012
Guoyue YAN, Zhipeng DONG, Yanyuan BAI, Yaoyan LI, Mengxue SU, Qing CHEN, Yangjiao XIE. Differences in Biological Traits between Male and Female Fangji(Stephania tetrandra)and Use of SSR Molecular Markers for Early Sex Identification Studied[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (1) : 64 -68 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.012
防己,防己科植物粉防己Stephania tetrandra S. Moore的干燥根,具有祛风止痛,利水消肿等功效,现代药理学研究表明防己具有抗肿瘤、降血压、改善心脑血管系统疾病等多种药理作用[1-3],是中国药典历年来收载的重要中药材品种。防己以根入药,生长缓慢,采挖后再生周期长达10年,随着市场需求的不断增加,野生防己资源已濒临枯竭,其资源保护和自然更替能力及可持续发展利用等问题值得引起关注。本课题组前期对全国野生防己资源的调查发现,防己野生资源雌雄性别比偏倚严重(雌∶雄≈1∶2),且不同产地性别偏倚程度有差异。雌雄异株植物,其雌雄植株生物学性状大多存在差异。陈珂等[4]研究表明银杏雌株的短枝芽饱满,体积大于雄株,另外开花后雄株的叶片也稍大于雌株。吴争荣等[5]发现银杏雌雄株叶片的黄酮含量有较大差异。吴珊等[6]研究显示大麻素在雌株大麻含量明显高于雄株。叶东旭等[7]研究表明杜仲雄株叶中绿原酸含量略高于杜仲雌株叶,杜仲雄株叶中京尼平苷酸含量和京尼平苷含量略低于杜仲雌株叶。可见雌雄异株的药用植物在性状、次生代谢产物含量及经济价值上都可能存在差异。防己为典型的雌雄异株植物,明确不同性别防己生物性状及药材质量是否存在差异,并在早期对其进行性别鉴定,对于防己药材种植产业的发展具有重要意义。
SSR(simple sequence repeats)即简单重复序列,是由分布在基因组中由1~6核苷酸为基本单位重复多次组成的长达几十个核苷酸的串联重复片段构成的,长度一般在200 bp以下[8],广泛分布于真核生物和原核生物的基因组中。SSR作为第2代分子标记技术代表,与其他分子技术相比具有共显性、多态性位点丰富、稳定性强等特点[9-10],且方便快捷、效率高、成本低廉[11],被广泛应用于遗传多样性与种质鉴定、遗传连锁图谱的构建、基因定位与克隆、性状基因位点(QTLs)分析、DNA指纹图谱构建[12]等方面。相对于其他分子标记技术,SSR分子标记具有物种特异性的特点,基于特定物种开发的SSR引物,不能在其他物种上使用,在物种鉴定上优于其它标记。本研究从表型性状、药材性状及有效成分含量等方面综合分析雌雄防己生物学性状差异,并采用SSR分子标记技术筛选雌雄防己特异SSR分子标记位点,为防己药材种植产业发展及对雌雄防己进行早期性别鉴定提供依据。
2018年10月从防己分布区江西、安徽、福建、湖南、广东和浙江6个省采集防己药材样本,采用《中华人民共和国药典》(2015版)规定的防己鉴定方法并经广西大海阳光药业有限公司唐新高级工程师对其进行鉴定,鉴定为防己科植物粉防己(Stephania tetrandra S. Moore)。取直径约1 cm、长约2 cm新鲜细根移植于广西南宁市武鸣区广西大海阳光药业有限公司药材种植区,成活植株共141株,其中雌株49株,雄株92株。2022年夏季观察其表型性状,并取鲜嫩叶提取RNA,进行高通量测序,从测序基因序列中挖掘SSR分子标记。10月采挖药材观察其药材性状并洗净,除去粗皮,晒至半干,切段,个大者再纵切,干燥再粉碎用于测定药材粉防己碱和防己诺林碱两种有效成分含量。
主要仪器:Agilent 1260 Inifinal Ⅱ高效液相色谱仪(包括G7111A四元泵、G7116A 柱温箱、G7129A 自动进样器、G7114AVWD检测器、Control panel化学工作站),电子数显游标卡尺(晶思达,300 mm/0.01 mm),万分之一电子分析天平[奥豪期仪器(常州)有限公司,AR224CN],Veriti 96 PCR仪(Applied Biosystems),DYY-6C电泳仪(北京六一生物科技有限公司),Gel DocTM XR+紫外分析仪(BIO-RAD公司),KingFisher Flex核酸提取仪(Thermo公司),3730XL基因分析仪(Applied Biosystem公司)。
主要试剂:粉防己碱对照品购自中国食品药品检定研究院(批号110711-201609,含量99.2%)、防己诺林碱对照品购自北京中兴嘉仁生物技术有限公司(批号170301-005,含量98%),色谱级乙腈(Fisher公司,USA),水为超纯水(Milli-Q超纯水仪系统,USA),其他试剂均为分析纯。2×Taq PCR Master Mix、琼脂糖和DL2000 DNA Marker,均来自于GeneTech公司;磁珠法基因组DNA提取试剂盒购买于天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;普通引物/荧光标记引物,由天一辉远生物科技有限公司合成;GeneScan 500 LIZSize Standard、POP-7 Polymer和Hi-Di Formamide均来自Applied Biosystem。
参考吴梦丽等的方法进行[13]。以英国园林协会RHS植物比色卡为参照观察防己药材表面颜色(SCol)和断面颜色(Sec);根据药材粉碎后100 g药材粉末过3号筛的百分率确定粉性(M),1级<50%、50%≤2级<60%、60%≤3级<70%、70%≤4级<80%、5级≥80%,分别标记为M1~M5共5个等级,粉性最小为M1,粉性最大为M5;采用单位体积重量及易折断程度判断药材质地(H),用游标卡尺测量直径(D)。分析时,对非数值型性状表面颜色、质地、断面颜色、粉性的出现频率进行统计,对数值型性状进行独立样本T检验。
参考吴梦丽等[13]的方法采用高效液相色谱法进行测定。色谱柱Agilent ZORBAX Extend-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-0.08%三乙胺(75∶25),等度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,紫外检测282 nm,柱温25℃,进样量8 μL,运行时间20 min。
采用目测的方法观察叶形、叶基、分枝、株型;采用直尺测量叶长(宽)和节间长,根据叶长宽计算叶面积。每个指标测量5次,取平均值。
选择雌雄防己各5株,取鲜嫩叶,用RNA提取试剂盒提取样品RNA,委托武汉诺析生物科技有限公司基于Illumina测序技术平台对提取的RNA进行测序,获得测序数据,其中雌雄各有一株测序不理想,最终用于结果分析的植株为雌雄各4株。采用微卫星识别工具(MIcroSAtellite identification tool,MISA)软件对筛选得到的1kb以上的Unigene做SSR分析,分别挖掘每个植株SSR分布信息,统计各植株SSR位点数,比较雌雄防己SSR分布差异,挖掘雌雄差异SSR位点。
从挖掘的雌雄具有差异的位点里,随机选择2~6个碱基的标记位点10个,根据其两端保守序列设计SSR引物,以雌雄各10株DNA为模板,进行PCR扩增,对扩增产物进行1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定后,采用毛细管电泳检测扩增结果,其中有扩增记为1,扩增记为0。
(1)PCR体系:共15 μL,2×Taq PCR Master Mix,7.5 μL;Mix primer,2.0 μL;DNA template,1 μL(50~200 ng);剩余的用ddH2O补齐。实验过程见图1。
(2)PCR扩增产物鉴定:取3 μL荧光PCR产物对其进行1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定,检测PCR条件是否单一、片段大小是否与预期一致。结果条带单一且大小相符的,对照DNA Marker的浓度进行定量,将所有产物稀释至相同的浓度范围,之后安排上机检测。
(3)毛细管电泳检测与数据读取分析:将甲酰胺与相对分子质量内标按250∶1的体积比混匀后,取9 μL加入上样板中,再加入1 μL的PCR扩增产物。然后使用3730XL基因分析仪进行毛细管电泳检测,最后使用GeneMarker软件,导入基因分析仪上的原始结果数据文件,进行数据整理,每对引物导出PDF峰图文件,根据位点信息设置分析Panel,使用GeneScan 500 LIZ Size Standard进行数据分析。根据读取结果,引物有扩增结果的记为1,无扩增结果的记为0。
数值型性状采用SPSS 16.0进行独立样本T检验,非数值型性状采用Excel进行统计分析。
对49株雌性、92株雄性防己数值型性状防己诺林碱、粉防己碱、块根直径进行独立样本T检验的结果见表1。由表1可知,方差齐性检验均为齐性,雌雄防己几个性状的差异均未达到显著水平。
雌雄防己非数值型药材性状分析结果见表2。由表2可知,防己药材表面颜色呈淡灰黄色、灰黄色、灰棕色,断面颜色呈浅白色、灰白色、浅棕色、灰棕色、棕色,雌雄防己药材间各表面颜色和断面颜色所占百分比差异不大。但雄性防己质地较重而坚实,粉性高于雌性防己。
雌雄防己非数型表型性状数据分析结果见表3。由表3可知,防己叶形多心形,雌防己尾部拉长的心形叶较雄防己多,雄防己卵形叶较雌防己多。雌性防己平叶基占比(46.94%)高于雄性防己(32.26%);凸叶基雌性防己占比(10.20%)少于雄性(21.51%)。以整株有效分枝多于5个的统计为多分枝,雌性防己分枝多于5个的占比为(89.80%),远高于雄性(49.46%),分枝数的增多使雌性防己大株型占比高于雄性防己。
雌雄防己数值型表型性状数据分析结果见表4。由表4可知,方差齐性检验均为齐性,显著性检验结果显示,除雌雄防己的叶宽具有显著差异外,节长、叶长、叶面积及长宽比均不具显著差异。
采用转录组测序,利用MISA挖掘SSR分子标记位点,共得总标记位点38 956个,其中雄性植株获得25 632个位点,雌性植株30 389个位点,雌性植株SRR位点数多于雄性植株。对各单株标记位点分布特征进行分析,可发现雌性植株基因位点数多于雄株,且各雌株独有基因所占比率高于雄性植株(结果见表5)。仅在雄性植株中有分布的SSR位点为8567个,其中只有1株有分布的位点7425个;2株中有分布的977个;在3株中有分布的162个;所有雄株均有分布的标记只有3个,该3个位点分别为(A)14、(T)10、(ACA)8,该类位点为鉴别防己雄株的优选SSR位点。仅在雌性植株中有分布的SSR位点为13 324个,其中只在1株有分布的位点10 970个;2株中有分布的1789个;在3株中有分布的470个;所有雌株均有分布的标记只有95个,其中,单碱基重复51个,二碱基重复24个,三碱基重复11个,复杂类型的9个,该95个位点为鉴别防己雌株的优选SSR位点。以上结果表明,从雌性植株中筛选性别鉴定分子标记效率更高。
从雌(雄)所有植株均有分布的SSR标记位点中,选择2~6个碱基重复的位点,用于验证其对雌雄植株的鉴定效果,其中,雄性位点选择(ACA)8,雌性鉴定位点选择(TCT)7、(TA)12、(AG)12、(CT)9、(CGG)5、(CAA)6、(ACC)6、(ACA)6、(CT)10ccctctcc(CT)6共10个位点,利用其两端保守序列设计引物,引物表见表6。选雌雄植株各10株,以该20株的DNA为模板,利用设计的引物对进行扩增,扩增结果见表7。从表7中可知,各引物扩增效率均较好,筛选的引物可有效区分雌雄防己。
中药性状鉴别是评价中药质量标准的重要组成部分[14],吴梦丽等[13]的研究认为,粉防己碱和防己诺林碱含量与防己药材性状具有显著相关,其中直径较小、体轻质脆、表面颜色淡灰黄色、断面颜色较深及粉性较小者含量较高。本研究显示,雌雄防己的防己诺林碱、粉防己碱及药材直径差异不显著,不同表面颜色与断面颜色出现频率基本相同,但雌性防己比雄性防己体轻质脆者百分占比率较高,粉性占比较低。依据吴梦丽等[13]的研究结果,雌性防己药材质量具有优于雄性防己药材质量的潜能。
许多药用植物具有无性繁殖能力,但有性繁殖与无性繁殖对药用植物的生长和药材质量具有一定的影响[15-16]。尤其对块根类药材,采用种子繁殖的药材主根较粗,须根较少,所得药材产量较高。喻良文等[17]研究表明有性繁殖的广藿香叶片中挥发油的含量高于组织培养的广藿香;郭争争等[18]研究表明有性繁殖的甘草中甘草酸、甘草苷和甘草总黄酮含量要比无性繁殖甘草的高;巫小宏等[19]的研究结果显示,采用种子繁殖的太子参及以种子繁殖的一代太子参为无性繁殖的材料,其植株感病率远低于多代无性繁殖的植株,产量则显著高于多代无性繁殖的药材,表明有性繁殖和无性繁殖对于药材的产量、质量及抗病性均有较大的影响。无性繁殖与有性繁殖的防己其药材产量和质量是否会存在差异是我们未来研究的方向,如果将来有实验结果表明有性繁殖的防己优于无性繁殖,那么雌性防己的经济价值将高于雄性防己,在早期鉴定防己的性别将变得较为重要。
防己表型性状差异分析结果显示,雌性防己长尾心叶高于雄性防己,卵形叶低于雄性防己,但由于雌雄防己均覆盖各类叶形,无法利用叶形鉴定防己雌雄。随着现代分子生物学的发展,性别鉴定方法更为丰富。SSR分子标记具有物种特异性特点,且该法具有方便快捷、稳定性强、效率高、成本低廉等诸多优点,已被广泛运用到生物的性别鉴定当中[20-23]。本研究通过对比防己雌雄转录组序列中SSR位点分布特征,筛选出仅在雌株或雄株中有分布的SSR位点,并选择10个位点进行验证,发现筛选出的10个位点对防己雌雄植株的鉴定效果较好,可为防己雌雄植株的早期性别鉴定提供技术支持[24-25]。
防己雌雄性别差异对药材的性状有一定的影响,从防己育种和药材人工种植角度考虑,能在早期对防己性别进行鉴别具有重要意义;合适的SSR分子标记能有效鉴定防己性别,可为早期鉴定防己性别提供有效方法。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82360749; 81760681)
  • 广西高校中青年教师科研能力提升项目(2021KY0288)
  • 广西研究生教育创新计划项目(YCSW2022357)
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2025年第43卷第1期
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.012
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-01-10
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国家自然科学基金项目(82360749; 81760681)
广西高校中青年教师科研能力提升项目(2021KY0288)
广西研究生教育创新计划项目(YCSW2022357)
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    1.广西中医药大学瑶医药学院,广西 南宁 530200
    2.广西壮瑶医药与医养结合人才小高地,广西 南宁 530200
    3.广西中医药大学科学实验中心,广西 南宁 530200

通讯作者:

谢阳姣(1975-),女,湖南桂阳人,研究员,硕士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:中药、民族药资源与开发。E-mail:。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zhzyyxk/CN/10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.012
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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