Article(id=1322912163517575809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322912162913596032, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793336438302, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1736438400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793336438302, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793336438302, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793336438302, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322912162913596032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1736438400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793336438157, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793340633627, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322929760048906989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322912162913596032, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322929760048906990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, issueId=1322912162913596032, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=35, endPage=38, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322912163781816962, articleId=1322912163517575809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=EN, title=Research on Standardization of Eye Diagnosis Instrument Technology and Equipment Based on Digitalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnId=1256183375241535778, journalTitle=Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, columnName=Digital Traditional Chinese Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Eye diagnosis is amethod of diagnosing diseases by observing the changes in the appearance and morphology of various parts of the eyes,and is an important partof TCM diagnosis. Artificial intelligence(AI)is considered to be one of the top three technologies in the 21st century. It has been widely used in medical health and other fields. With the increasing maturity of the digital technology of TCM,the theory of TCM eye diagnosis is deeply integrated with AI,forming the key technical equipment of TCM eye diagnosis instrument. This article mainly expounds the development status of intelligent TCM,the research on the standardization of TCM data of eye diagnostic instrument and the construction of intelligent auxiliary TCM diagnosis model of eye diagnostic instrument,the basic theory of TCM eye diagnosis is integrated with the knowledge of other disciplines,breakthrough in TCM health data acquisition,flexible control,human-machine coupling,multidimensional information fusion identification and other key technologies,in order to form the relevant standards of TCM diagnosis and treatment equipment series,and establish the industrial innovation base of TCM characteristic medical devices. Further,itwill promote the development of new service formats such as remote diagnosis and treatment of TCM,mobile medical treatment and intelligent medical treatment,promote the digitalization,standardization and internationalization of TCM diagnosis and treatment technology,improve the accessibility of TCM diagnosis and treatment services,and promote the modern integration and development of Chinese and Western medicine.

, authors=Fei NI1, Meng SONG1, Jinqiao QU2, Dongchao YUAN1, Mingqian YANG1, Yanjun CHEN1, Keda LI1, authorsList=Fei NI, Meng SONG, Jinqiao QU, Dongchao YUAN, Mingqian YANG, Yanjun CHEN, Keda LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jinqiao QU, Keda LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322912168861119118, articleId=1322912163517575809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847919539208197, language=CN, title=基于中医数字化的眼诊仪技术装备标准化研究, columnId=1256183387140776248, journalTitle=中华中医药学刊, columnName=数字中医中药, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

眼诊是通过观察眼睛各部位的神色形态变化来诊断疾病的一种方法,是中医望诊的重要组成部分。人工智能被认为是21世纪三大尖端技术之一,现已被广泛应用于医疗健康等领域,随着中医数字化技术的日渐成熟,中医眼诊理论与人工智能深度融合,形成了眼诊仪中医关键技术装备。主要从智能中医的发展现状、眼诊仪中医数据标准化研究与构建眼诊仪智能辅助中医诊断模型三个方面进行阐述,将中医眼诊基础理论与其他学科知识相互融合,突破中医健康数据采集、柔性控制、人机耦合、多维信息融合辨识等关键技术,以期形成中医诊疗装备系列相关标准,建立中医特色医疗器械的产业创新基地,进而推进中医远程诊疗、移动医疗、智能医疗等新型服务业态发展,推动中医传统诊疗技术的数字化、标准化与国际化,提高中医诊疗服务的可及性并促进中西医学现代融合发展。

, authors=倪菲1, 宋梦1, 曲金桥2, 袁东超1, 杨茗茜1, 陈彦君1, 李可大1, authorsList=倪菲, 宋梦, 曲金桥, 袁东超, 杨茗茜, 陈彦君, 李可大, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=曲金桥, 李可大, authorNote=

倪菲(1987-),女,辽宁大连人,副教授,博士,研究方向:中医药标准化。

, correspAuthorsNote=
李可大(1967-),男,辽宁沈阳人,教授,博士研究生导师、博士后合作导师,博士,研究方向:中医药标准化。E-mail:。
曲金桥(1988-),男,辽宁沈阳人,副主任医师,硕士,研究方向:中西医结合防治内分泌疾病。E-mail:。
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基于中医数字化的眼诊仪技术装备标准化研究
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倪菲 1 , 宋梦 1 , 曲金桥 2 , 袁东超 1 , 杨茗茜 1 , 陈彦君 1 , 李可大 1
中华中医药学刊 | 数字中医中药 2025,43(1): 35-38
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中华中医药学刊 |数字中医中药 2025 , 43 (1) : 35 -38
基于中医数字化的眼诊仪技术装备标准化研究
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倪菲(1987-),女,辽宁大连人,副教授,博士,研究方向:中医药标准化。

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倪菲1, 宋梦1, 曲金桥2 , 袁东超1, 杨茗茜1, 陈彦君1, 李可大1
作者信息
  • 1.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847
  • 2.辽宁中医药大学附属医院,辽宁 沈阳 110032
通讯作者:
李可大(1967-),男,辽宁沈阳人,教授,博士研究生导师、博士后合作导师,博士,研究方向:中医药标准化。E-mail:。
曲金桥(1988-),男,辽宁沈阳人,副主任医师,硕士,研究方向:中西医结合防治内分泌疾病。E-mail:。
作者简介:

倪菲(1987-),女,辽宁大连人,副教授,博士,研究方向:中医药标准化。

Research on Standardization of Eye Diagnosis Instrument Technology and Equipment Based on Digitalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Fei NI1, Meng SONG1, Jinqiao QU2 , Dongchao YUAN1, Mingqian YANG1, Yanjun CHEN1, Keda LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, Liaoning, China
  • 2.Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China
出版时间: 2025-01-10 doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.006
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眼诊是通过观察眼睛各部位的神色形态变化来诊断疾病的一种方法,是中医望诊的重要组成部分。人工智能被认为是21世纪三大尖端技术之一,现已被广泛应用于医疗健康等领域,随着中医数字化技术的日渐成熟,中医眼诊理论与人工智能深度融合,形成了眼诊仪中医关键技术装备。主要从智能中医的发展现状、眼诊仪中医数据标准化研究与构建眼诊仪智能辅助中医诊断模型三个方面进行阐述,将中医眼诊基础理论与其他学科知识相互融合,突破中医健康数据采集、柔性控制、人机耦合、多维信息融合辨识等关键技术,以期形成中医诊疗装备系列相关标准,建立中医特色医疗器械的产业创新基地,进而推进中医远程诊疗、移动医疗、智能医疗等新型服务业态发展,推动中医传统诊疗技术的数字化、标准化与国际化,提高中医诊疗服务的可及性并促进中西医学现代融合发展。

中医数字化  /  眼诊仪  /  技术装备  /  标准化

Eye diagnosis is amethod of diagnosing diseases by observing the changes in the appearance and morphology of various parts of the eyes,and is an important partof TCM diagnosis. Artificial intelligence(AI)is considered to be one of the top three technologies in the 21st century. It has been widely used in medical health and other fields. With the increasing maturity of the digital technology of TCM,the theory of TCM eye diagnosis is deeply integrated with AI,forming the key technical equipment of TCM eye diagnosis instrument. This article mainly expounds the development status of intelligent TCM,the research on the standardization of TCM data of eye diagnostic instrument and the construction of intelligent auxiliary TCM diagnosis model of eye diagnostic instrument,the basic theory of TCM eye diagnosis is integrated with the knowledge of other disciplines,breakthrough in TCM health data acquisition,flexible control,human-machine coupling,multidimensional information fusion identification and other key technologies,in order to form the relevant standards of TCM diagnosis and treatment equipment series,and establish the industrial innovation base of TCM characteristic medical devices. Further,itwill promote the development of new service formats such as remote diagnosis and treatment of TCM,mobile medical treatment and intelligent medical treatment,promote the digitalization,standardization and internationalization of TCM diagnosis and treatment technology,improve the accessibility of TCM diagnosis and treatment services,and promote the modern integration and development of Chinese and Western medicine.

digitalization of TCM  /  eye diagnosis instrument  /  technical equipment  /  standardization
倪菲, 宋梦, 曲金桥, 袁东超, 杨茗茜, 陈彦君, 李可大. 基于中医数字化的眼诊仪技术装备标准化研究. 中华中医药学刊, 2025 , 43 (1) : 35 -38 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.006
Fei NI, Meng SONG, Jinqiao QU, Dongchao YUAN, Mingqian YANG, Yanjun CHEN, Keda LI. Research on Standardization of Eye Diagnosis Instrument Technology and Equipment Based on Digitalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine[J]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025 , 43 (1) : 35 -38 . DOI: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.006
人工智能随着新一轮科技革命和产业变革的深入发展,作为国家战略科技主要力量,正在深入各个领域,且不断推动我国的科技创新与民生发展[1]。2019年10月,《中共中央国务院关于促进中医药传承创新发展的意见》中指出要建设以信息化支撑的服务体系,促进中医药与人工智能深度融合。中医药学是打开中华文明宝库的钥匙,更是中国传统文化强大生命力和优秀民族智慧的体现,并经过几千年的临证实践,以系统性理论与“治本”疗效传承千年。智能中医的诞生,有利于优化中医药基层健康服务水平,进而构建中医药智慧传承体系。
当今时代是信息化与数字化社会,每个微小的信息经过数字化分析及大数据提取,都有可能获得前所未有的新信息点,而针对这些信息点进行科学研究和挖掘时,就有可能会突破瓶颈[2]。以中医药理论为基础,利用数字化和计算机技术建立一种可供中医人使用的数据库系统,从而收集并分析中医证素数据,为中医辨证论治提供了一种新方法[3]。
当前,越来越凸显出医工交叉融合的大趋势,生物、信息、智能等学科与现代医学的交叉合作提供了多样化的观测、解构与分析手段,极大提升了诊疗能力。同样,这些学科与中医学的融合也促进了中医药现代化的进程,尤其是人工智能技术的飞速发展,越来越多的研究者深刻地认识到,有机的生命体绝不单纯是细胞、分子和器官叠加的线性关系,而伴随着系统生物学、生物信息学等学科的逐步形成和发展,学界也开始认可人体是一个“复杂网络”的系统[4]。
现代医学与传统中医学的结合之路,是现代科学技术快速发展、交叉融合大背景下的必然趋势。正如人体既是一个有机整体,又由若干部分组成:既是一个个实体,又同时兼具各类不同的功能。中医学的发展,既要注重整体功能,又要注重用现代科学原理阐释其作用机制,只有明晰整体与部分、实体与功能的关系,才能有望实现人工智能与中医学的深度融合,促进智能中医学的繁荣与发展。
2019年4月,《人工智能蓝皮书:中国医疗人工智能发展报告》正式发布。人工智能前沿技术正在快速融入医疗。以影像组学、三维可视化、3D打印、虚拟现实、分子荧光成像、多模态图像实时手术导航等为代表的技术,开启了数字智能化诊疗的新时代[5]。
传统中医学理论主要起源于人用经验,更加侧重于人体的统一性,根据人体系统的性质、关系和结构,将研究对象的各个组成要素有机组织起来构成一个整体[6],研究整体的功能属性,具有综合性、定量性和准确性,属于系统论的发展思路。中医将人体当作有机整体,五脏六腑之间相互联系、相辅相成,从而保证了人体正常的功能;此外,人与自然和谐共处,天人合一以顺应四季交替、节律变化,才能阴平阳秘、六脉调和、尽享天年[7]。
现代医学主要来源解剖学,从人体器官、神经系统、骨骼架构等宏观层次逐步迈向微观领域,医学分科更加精细化,对细胞、基因、蛋白及分子等微观元素的观测、解构和分析,已被广泛应用于现代医学的诊疗过程,这是还原论的发展思路[8]。利用还原分析法将复杂事物解构为若干独立部分,分别研究各部分的属性、特征、结构和功能,然后选其共同属性。具有可用已知的基本规律解释现代医学,简化实际研究对象多样性与复杂性的优势,是科学研究中非常重要的方法之一。还原分析法用于指导临床,精髓在于可明确诊断和精准治疗[9],提高了现代医学的诊疗能力,同时促进了现代医学的繁荣发展,已逐渐成为医学的主流。
中医药具有“原创科技资源”的先天优势,其发展面临前所未有的机遇和挑战。中医药传承创新发展的核心是必须与现代化科技深度融合。中医药技术装备是提升产业核心竞争力的重要切入点,是提升现代化中医健康服务能力的关键[10]。从“十三五”期间的科技计划实施到“十四五”布局,中医药技术装备始终是中医药科技创新发展中的重要组成部分。2017年科技部和国家中医药管理局发布《“十三五”中医药科技创新专项规划》,从“数字化、智能化现代制药装备”“新型中医诊疗信息采集前沿技术”“发展中医康复技术方法和方案,加快中医药仪器与装备研发”等方面对中医药装备研究进行布局,并在“十三五”科技项目实施中进行实际部署。2018年,在相关专家的倡导下科技部重大专项办启动“中医药关键技术装备”专项的调研工作,对中医药关键技术装备的专项研究进行了顶层设计和系统梳理。《“十四五”中医药发展规划》明确提出“推动设立中医药关键技术装备项目”。
新的历史时期给中医药传承发展提出了新的要求,良好的机遇与多样化发展挑战并存。中医药现代化、数字化及标准化是推动中医药传承创新发展的重要内容,紧紧抓住中医药关键技术装备标准及应用就等于抓住了中医药传承发展的战略核心。因此需要将中医药与其他学科知识相互融合,突破中医健康数据采集、柔性控制、人机耦合、多维信息融合辨识等关键技术[11],形成中医诊疗装备系列相关标准,充分利用围绕现有医疗器械的前期基础,建立中医特色医疗器械的产业创新基地,形成技术推广示范,推进中医远程诊疗、移动医疗、智能医疗等新型服务业态发展,推动中医传统诊疗技术的现代化、标准化与国际化,提高中医诊疗服务的可及性,促进中西医学现代融合发展。
《灵枢·大惑论第八十》记载:“五脏六腑之精气,皆上注于目而为之精。”可见目主要依靠三焦、肺及肝等传输的精气的濡养才能视物清晰[12]。因此可以从眼睛的细微变化了解五脏六腑的功能情况,并且通过对其表现出来的某些特定的症状来辨别病位、病性与病情等。中医现代眼诊是通过分析眼科检查仪器的检查结果,再结合中医师临床经验得出辨证论治的过程[13]。中医学与人工智能深度融合后犹如搭上高速发展的列车,而标准化是实现智能化的前提和保障[14]。
眼诊是通过观察眼部的神色形态变化来辅助诊断疾病的一种方法,是中医诊断学的重要内容[15]。2023年由辽宁中医药大学、沈阳创新设计研究院有限公司以及深圳市惠理医疗技术设备有限公司共同研发出眼诊仪技术装备(图1),主要采用无影成像光学技术,完成白睛及脉络图像的实时准确的高清采集和上传。充分考虑到不同人群在进行眼表检查时的配合程度与能力的差异,研发了自动开眼机构,实现自动扒眼功能,解决光学环境和角度位置不一致性的问题,当系统获取到人眼图像后,经过后续处理算法进行人眼定位、归一化、图像增强、特征识别与分类等,将眼部视觉信息转换为相应部位的数字化信息(图2)。
目前中医眼诊数据采集标准化的主要方式为结构化数据采集,其预处理工作量更小并且日效率更高。但中医临证的个体性、变动性和不可预测性给结构化数据的预先定义带来了巨大挑战,为实现数据的规范统一,可能会产生不必要的冗余数据,这成为限制结构化数据标准化最大的瓶颈问题。
在中医诊疗实践过程中,还可借助智能辅助采集系统,在标准化基础上,完成诊疗数据的实时动态采集。智能辅助采集系统的基本模块包括人机交互、数据存储与解析、标准加载与数据更新等部分,通过智能辅助采集系统实现对中医诊疗信息的高效、实时动态和精准采集,从而实现诊疗信息的标准化[16]。详见图3。
此外,针对不同来源的中医临床诊疗信息进行多源数据的标准化,需要将数据进行ETL(extract-transform-load)处理(图4),即通过抽取(extraction)、转化(transformation)和加载(loading),直至实现不同数据源的临床诊疗信息与标准化数据库模式在语法及语义上融合的过程[17]。ETL处理一般包括两个连续的处理过程,每个阶段都需要由经验丰富的专家组完成。第一阶段由熟悉临床诊疗信息载体的专家组成,通过识别与标准化数据库相匹配的数据元素,并建立该元素与标准化数据库元素的映射关系,以完成数据抽取。第二阶段由程序员通过数据转换和数据映射,将原始数据库的数据加载到标准数据库模式中。
特征指从原始数据中提取出来的抽象表达,能够对数据的特点进行描述[18]。中医眼诊信息采集系统获取的是图像数据,采用光学系统先对眼睛进行成像,再经过后端的图像处理技术实现眼部特征提取及关联分析,其特征信息质量直接决定了智能辅助诊断模型准确性、一致性、完整性、可信性、时效性及解释性等多个因素的性能。目前主要诊法包括球结膜微循环诊法、观察视网膜血管、中西医虹膜诊法及血流图诊法等[19]。虹膜诊断是通过观察眼部虹膜的形态变化,如颜色、色斑、结构和瞳孔变化等从而对疾病进行辅助诊断。
随着人工智能的不断发展,构建智能辅助中医诊断模型在医疗健康领域中越来越广泛[20]。深度神经网络可以自动提取抽象特征,建立图像、文本、传感器等原始数据与中医病证之间的关联。进行深度学习之前,首先需要将不同类别的原始数据进行标准化处理,使其能够输出到神经网络中[21]。
中医眼诊仪智能辅助诊断模型的构建主要在于寻找映射关系函数,根据数据类型,辅助诊断可以归结为分类问题或者回归问题[22]。在确定中医眼诊智能辅助诊断模型需要解决问题的类型后,则据此选择相应的机器学习算法并利用所采集的数据进行模型训练。根据输入特征不同,所构建的智能辅助诊断模型可分为机器学习模型和深度学习模型。
基于机器学习的中医眼诊仪智能辅助诊断模型,通常采用四诊设备进行直接采集或人工手动计算提取眼部特征信息[23]。人工提取的特征信息通常具有良好的物理意义及临床可解释性,但为了避免提取的特征出现信息损失和特征冗余等问题,需要对特征信息进行分析和筛选,从而提升智能辅助诊断模型的精准度。而基于深度学习的端到端(end-to-end)智能辅助诊断模型,用于直接构建从原始数据到辨证之间的模型[24],整个过程需要通过复杂庞大的神经网络直接从数据中学习抽象特征,常用的深度模型有卷积神经网络(CNN)和循环神经网络(RNN)等[25]。深度学习的本质是通过大量参数实现对任意函数的近似值,其计算复杂度相对较高,常需要大量的训练数据[26]。中医眼诊仪智能辅助诊断模型构建的算法可根据输入特征信息类型进行选择,若特征多为连续型数值,则使用网络型模型,如神经网络、逻辑回归、支持向量机等:若特征信息多为离散型数值,则使用树结构模型,如决策树、随机森林等:若特征复杂或未提取特征且数据量足够大时,则使用深度学习算法。
本文通过基于白睛图像分析的中医眼诊数字化方法的研究以及智能辅助中医诊断模型构建的研究,对眼诊仪中医关键技术装备标准化研究等问题进行了探讨,积极开展了人工智能与中医眼诊之间的交叉研究。基于中医数字化开展眼诊仪关键技术装备标准化方面的研究,一方面能够为实现患者疾病信息客观采集和分析提供巨大技术支撑,同时另一方面也能够为中医眼诊基础以及临床的持续性研究提供保障,这对于促进中医眼诊的发展具有极大推动作用。本文在研究了人工智能与中医深度融合的同时也深感中医眼诊的数字化研究还有很多相关的问题有待进一步深入研究和探讨,比如中医眼诊方法、内容和相关术语的规范化研究、眼部信息标准化采集方法的研究、大样本临床数据库构建研究以及中医眼诊的协同研究平台构建研究等,尤其是构建中医理论与客观化特征关系,以促进中医诊断客观化产品质量评价的规范化、标准化,成为目前限制中医关键技术装备发展亟须解决的问题[27]。但是,随着中医眼诊仪相关研究步伐的加快,中医眼诊的科学内涵将会得到充分的揭示与发展,其与人工智能的深度融合也将会更加广泛。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1712001)
  • 辽宁省科学技术厅联合基金面上资助计划项目(2023-MSLH-194)
  • 辽宁省教育厅高校基本科研项目(LJ242410162011)
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doi: 10.13193/j.issn.1673-7717.2025.01.006
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-01-10
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基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1712001)
辽宁省科学技术厅联合基金面上资助计划项目(2023-MSLH-194)
辽宁省教育厅高校基本科研项目(LJ242410162011)
作者信息
    1.辽宁中医药大学,辽宁 沈阳 110847
    2.辽宁中医药大学附属医院,辽宁 沈阳 110032

通讯作者:

李可大(1967-),男,辽宁沈阳人,教授,博士研究生导师、博士后合作导师,博士,研究方向:中医药标准化。E-mail:。
曲金桥(1988-),男,辽宁沈阳人,副主任医师,硕士,研究方向:中西医结合防治内分泌疾病。E-mail:。
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小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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