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Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes offer an ideal cellular resource for studying heart diseases, conducting drug screening, developing in vitro heart models, and exploring potential cell therapies. However, human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes are characterized by immaturity with limited specific gene expression, low Ca2+ processing levels, and underdeveloped structural, metabolic, and electrophysiological features. These limitations significantly impede the application of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
To review the academic progress and clinical application of promoting the maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes by in vitro synthetic microenvironment.
CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline databases were searched, with “human pluripotent stem cells, human myocardial cells, hPSC-CMs, mature, OA, human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, hPSC-CMs” as English search terms and “human pluripotent stem cells, cardiomyocytes, mature, OA, hPSC-CMs” as Chinese search terms. All relevant literature published from January 2002 to July 2024 was retrieved and 82 articles were included in the review.
(1) In recent years, in vitro synthetic microenvironments have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent intrinsic properties such as stiffness, plasticity, nanoscale morphology, and chemical functionality. (2) Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes can be used as an effective platform for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. (3) Mechanical stimulation, electrical stimulation, addition of biochemical molecules, and three-dimensional culture methods are effective methods to promote the maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, which can further promote the clinical application of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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