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Natural drugs have been used in clinic for thousands of years in China, with complete and systematic theories, and are the treasure of the Chinese nation. Among them, flavonoids, polysaccharides, iridoid glycosides, saponins and other natural drugs have been proved to have curative effects on many diseases. Generally, the bioavailability of natural drugs absorbed in the intestine after oral administration is relatively low. As one of the ecosystems regulating the host's adaptation to the environment, the gut microbiota has a two-way effect on the host's internal and external environment, which is usually closely related to the efficacy of natural drugs. In order to understand the mechanism of the effect of drugs that are difficult to absorb, the exploration of targeting the gut microbiota has become a new strategy in recent years. The metabolism of natural drugs is often achieved through the enzymes produced by the gut microbiota, which is closely related to its efficacy and safety. The research of metabolic transformation by the gut microbiota is still limited. So in this review, we mainly discussed the characteristics of major metabolic enzymes derived from gut microbiota and the research progress in the metabolism and transformation of natural drugs, aiming to enrich the information on the metabolism mechanism of natural drugs under the action of gut microbiota and provide evidence for proving that gut microbiota is part of the regulation axis of other organs. It also provides some scientific reference for deepening the understanding and cognition of the metabolism and transformation of natural drugs under the action of intestinal bacteria.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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