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Hippophae rhamnoides L. is a high-quality medicinal and edible plant with rich nutritional values and a wide range of biological activities. It has been used to improve hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, liver injury and prevent cardiovascular diseases. Sea buckthorn polysaccharides (SBPs) are one of the most important bioactive components of Hippophae rhamnoides L.. The preperation methods of SBPs include hot water extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and flash extraction. Different preperation methods lead to different configurations and biological activities of SBPs. Furthermore, these biological activities are related to the chemical structure of SBPs, including the relative molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bond and three-dimensional structure. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that SBPs possess various activities, including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant activity, as well as the regulation of blood sugar and lipid metabolism disorder, which will exhibit excellent development value in functional food and medicament. However, few studies on the structure-function relationship of SBPs have been reported. In this paper, the preperation methods, structure characterization, pharmacological activities and the utilization of SBPs were systematically reviewed, the structure-activity relationship and application prospect were discussed, which will provide a theoretical basis for a further research and development and utilization of SBPs.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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