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Infectious diseases are always a hot topic in global public health, and their transmission routes and mechanisms have attracted much attention. From the perspective of transmission routes, mucosal infection routes account for a large proportion, and pathogens can enter human body through the surface mucosa of different organs to cause disease, making the mucosa become the front line of human immune defense. In the structure of human body, the respiratory tract and intestine are the key contact interfaces between the human internal environment and the outside world, and their mucosal immune system plays a crucial role in protecting the body from pathogens. Therefore, the activation of the respiratory tract which is directly exposed to the external environment, and the mucosal immune system of the gastrointestinal tract which is the largest immune organ, can effectively cut off the route of infection, which is of great significance. In this paper, the complex interaction between epithelial cells and immune cells was analyzed from the structural and cellular components of respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract, and the mechanism of antigen activation of mucosal immune response was described. By collecting relevant information on respiratory and intestinal mucosal vaccines and summarizing their advantages, the current challenges in this area are faced, with the intention that new ideas for further exploration and research on the development of effective mucosal vaccines will be hoped for.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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