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OBJECTIVE To explore the in vivo pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of zinc in different valence forms of arsenic in young rats after arsenic exposure in young rats, thus to provide scientific data to support the risk control and protection of arsenic exposure in young children. METHODS Twenty-four 3-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: a single-dose arsenic trioxide (ATO) group, a zinc pre-administration group, and an ATO+zinc co-treatment group. The rats were treated accordingly to their group assignments. High-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP/MS) was used to measure the arsenic species and concentrations in plasma at different time points, as well as the arsenic accumulation in various organs. Pharmacokinetic parameters for different arsenic species were analyzed using DAS 2.0 software. RESULTS The pharmacokinetics of arsenic in plasma showed that 15 min after administration, the maximum concentration of trivalent arsenic (AsⅢ) in plasma was highest in the ATO single-dose group, followed by the zinc pre-administration group, and then the ATO+zinc co-treatment group. The zinc pre-administration group reached lower levels 2 h after administration, earlier than the ATO group. Parameters such as ρmax, tmax, and t1/2 indicated that zinc supplementation accelerated the oxidation of AsⅢ to pentavalent arsenic (AsⅤ). The increase in the primary methylation index (SMI), the proportion of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA%), and the proportion of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA%), along with a significant decrease in the proportion of inorganic arsenic (iAs%), suggested enhanced methylation capacity. Tissue distribution measurements showed that zinc supplementation reduced the total arsenic (TAs) concentration in the brain, lungs, kidneys, testes, liver, and spleen. Notably, the brain, lungs, kidneys, and testes showed significantly lower TAs concentrations compared with the ATO single-dose group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Zinc can effectively reduce the bioaccumulation of arsenic metabolites in the body by increasing the metabolic rates of AsⅢ and AsⅤ in plasma and organs, enhancing the methylation efficiency to achieve the protection against arsenic toxicity.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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