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With the continuous progress of biotechnology and drug research and development, small molecule drugs play an increasingly important role in the treatment of nervous system diseases because of their unique physical and chemical properties and biological effects. However, most of the previous studies tried to increase the brain exposure and retention time of the subjects, while ignoring the brain transport and efflux clearance pathways. In this paper, the recent research progress on the efflux clearance pathway of small molecule drugs in the brain was reviewed, focusing on the involvement of blood-brain barrier transport, metabolic enzymes in the brain, and aquaporin-4(AQP4) pathway, in order to further understand the efflux clearance pathway of small molecule drugs in the brain, which will not only help optimize the efficacy of existing drugs and reduce the adverse reactions caused by drug accumulation. It can also provide new ideas and directions for the research and development of drugs for neurological diseases in the future.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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