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"Osteoimmunology" is a field that emphasizes the interaction between the immune system and skeletal system cells. Specifically, it explores how dysregulation of the immune system can result in inflammatory stimulation and the release of inflammatory factors, which significantly impact bone metabolism. Periodontitis is an inflammatory destructive disease of periodontal tissue, triggered initially by dental plaque and influenced by host immune inflammatory responses, genetic factors, and environmental factors. Inflammatory response and alveolar bone resorption stand out as prominent features of periodontitis, with immune system imbalance disrupting bone homeostasis, resulting in alveolar bone loss due to the imbalance of bone formation and resorption. Flavonoid natural products exhibit biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, osteogenic promotion, and antimicrobial effects, effectively ameliorating inflammatory damage to periodontal tissues. This paper provides an overview of nine classical inflammatory signaling pathways potentially involved in alveolar bone inflammatory resorption and reviews advancements in the mechanisms of action of 20 flavonoids reported for inhibiting periodontal tissue destruction associated with periodontitis by suppressing inflammatory responses and modulating inflammatory signaling pathways. The aim is to offer theoretical foundations and novel insights to enhance the treatment strategy of periodontitis.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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