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OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides(LBP) on opportunistic pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in immunocompromised mice. METHODS Immunocompromised mouse models were constructed using cyclophosphamide, then randomly divided these mice into a pneumonia model group, high-dose LBP group(40 mg·kg-1), medium-dose LBP group(20 mg·kg-1), low-dose LBP group(10 mg·kg-1), and a normal control group. Pneumonia mouse models were constructed by intranasal administration of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) bacterial solution. Mice in LBP-treated groups were administered LBP at corresponding concentrations through gavage once daily for 10 days, while the control and model group mice were given equal volumes of normal saline. During the experiment, the general condition, body weight, and survival rate of the mice were monitored. After the experiment, the lungs, spleen, thymus, and liver of the mice were collected to calculate the organ index. The lung tissue bacterial load and histopathology were analyzed, and the phagocytic capacity of neutrophils, spleen lymphocyte subsets, and proliferative capacity were detected to evaluate the immune function of the mice. Combined with the analysis of inflammation-related cytokines and oxidative stress activity, the mechanism of action was further revealed. RESULTS The general condition, body weight, and survival rate of mice in the model group were significantly decreased, accompanied by a significant downregulation of the neutrophil phagocytic index, a significant reduction in the total number of spleen lymphocytes, total T cells, T helper cells(Th), and B cells, as well as decreased myeloperoxidase(MPO) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, collectively demonstrating the successful preparation of the immunocompromised model. However, after treatment with different doses of LBP, the results showed that LBP could effectively improve the general condition and survival rate of immunocompromised mice with KP-infected pneumonia. The lung index of mice in the LBP treatment groups was significantly lower than that in the model group(P<0.05), indicating reduced lung inflammation. The lung tissue homogenate bacterial load was significantly decreased, and histopathological analysis showed relatively intact alveolar structure, reduced congestion, and decreased inflammatory exudation. At the same time, the total number of lymphocytes, total T cells, Th, and B cells in the treatment groups were increased compared with the model group(P<0.05), with significant differences in the high-dose group. In addition, the LBP groups also showed obviously increased neutrophil phagocytic index and lymphocyte proliferation rate, as well as restored MPO and SOD activity, collectively indicating that LBP has an immune-enhancing effect and exerts an anti-infective effect. Finally, compared with the disordered serum cytokine levels in the model group, LBP showed a dose-dependent downregulation of abnormally elevated inflammatory cytokines interferon(IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, and interleukin(IL)-6 levels. CONCLUSION LBP can effectively improve the general condition and survival rate of immunocompromised mice with KP-infected pneumonia. Specifically, it reduces lung tissue bacterial load, alleviates lung tissue pathological damage, increases lymphocyte count and proliferative capacity, enhances neutrophil phagocytic capacity, corrects imbalanced cytokine levels and oxidative stress levels, etc., collectively improving the immune function and anti-infective ability of immunocompromised mice and exerting immune protection and immunomodulatory effects.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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