OBJECTIVE To analyze the distribution frequency of rs2306283 and rs4149056 polymorphisms in the solute carrier organic anion transporter family 1B1(SLCO1B1) gene and investigate the effect of SLCO1B1 gene on the efficacy and safety of different moderate kinds of statins in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD). METHODS A total of 183 blood samples of patients with CHD were collected, and polymerase chain reaction-fluorescence probe technology was used to detect the polymorphism of SLCO1B1 gene. Blood lipid indicators and blood biochemical indexes before and after statin treatment (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, other statins), such as triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), and urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(Scr), creatine kinase(CK), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), direct bilirubin(DBIL), indirect bilirubin(IBIL), et al, were recorded. The change values of TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, et al, were calculated. The relationships between SLCO1B1 gene polymorphism and the efficacy and safety of different statins in CHD patients were analyzed. RESULTS There was significant difference between Han and Uyghur CHD patients in the distribution frequency of SLCO1B1 A388G genotypes. The difference in LDL-C was significantly increased in SLCO1B1 388AG+GG patients compared with AA(P<0.05). The difference of LDL-C after treatment in 388AA type was significant(P>0.05), and the change of HDL-C in GG type patients treated with rosuvastatin was significantly higher than patients with atorvastatin(P<0.05). The changes of HDL-C in TT genotype patients with other statins were significantly higher than patients with atorvastatin(P<0.05), and the change values of TC and LDL-C in TT genotype patients with atorvastatin were significantly higher than those of the rosuvastatin group (all P<0.05). The ALP levels in SLCO1B1 388AG genotype patients with rosuvastatin were significantly lower than the other statins (P<0.05), and the DBIL levels in GG patients with other statins were significantly higher than the rosuvastatin and atorvastatin (P<0.05). The IBIL, CK levels and the change of ALT in SLCO1B1 521TC patients were higher than TT (all P<0.05). The AST increase in TT genotype patients with atorvastatin was significantly lower than that of other statins (P<0.05), and the IBIL levels in TC genotype patients with rosuvastatin and atorvastatin were significantly lower than the other statins (P<0.05). CONCLUSION There is relevance between SLCO1B1 rs2306283 and rs4149056 gene polymorphisms and efficacy and safety of different statins treatment. SLCO1B1 388G allele enhances the lipid-lowering effect of rosuvastatin, especially on HDL-C. SLCO1B1 521T allele enhances the lipid-lowering effect of atorvastatin, especially for LDL-C and TC, and the 521C allele may increase the risk of myopathy and liver function impairment. There is relevance among SLCO1B1 rs2306283 and rs4149056 gene polymorphisms and efficacy and safety of different statins treatment, which may be a genetic indicator to predict the efficacy and adverse effects of statins.