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Leveraging: On How Situated Design Animates Public Life
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Zhipeng DUAN
Chinese Landscape Architecture | 2026, 42(3) : 30 - 36
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Chinese Landscape Architecture | 2026, 42(3): 30-36
Construction of People's Garden and People-centered Cities
Leveraging: On How Situated Design Animates Public Life
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Zhipeng DUAN
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    DUAN Zhipeng, male, born in 1995 in Guoyang, Anhui Province, Ph.D., Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, research area: design anthropology, social design, and service design (Halle 06114)

Published: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.19775/j.cla.2026.03.0030
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Drawing on phenomenological theory and concrete cases of socially engaged design, this article seeks to describe an action script termed "Leveraging (Qiaodong)", offering a theoretical perspective for attending to and understanding seemingly localized and small-scale social actions that nonetheless have the potential to generate ongoing change, such as beginning to cultivate a garden on an unused plot of land. Such actions do not usually originate from clearly defined, comprehensive plans. Instead, they emerge in situations where people confront limited conditions, insufficient resources, or complex social problems that cannot be directly resolved. Rather than aiming to "solve" problems, actors initiate actions that are immediately doable and capable of being taken up in the present, gradually reopening possibilities for further action. In the process of continuing to do things, actors often develop a sense of guidance or handiness, which is a feeling of "there are more things to do". This sense does not arise from certainty about outcomes, but from a directional momentum that takes shape through action itself. It helps reorganize attention toward one's surroundings and toward others, sustaining engagement amid uncertainty. Through such processes, localized actions may become noticeable to others, invite participation, and elicit responses, thereby gradually stimulating broader forms of public collaboration and the emergence of public life. The central question of this article is how such seemingly minor, low-threshold actions accumulate social effects over time, reorganize attention, and respond to long-standing social problems that are structurally complex and resistant to direct solutions. Theoretically, this article situates itself within contemporary discussions of co-design, while entering into dialogue with phenomenological traditions associated with Heidegger, Ingold, and Gibson. The discussion is grounded in a series of concrete cases observed or participated in by the author between 2022 and 2024, including socially engaged design initiatives such as community gardening, publicly engaged art projects, and design workshops. The articulation of leveraging as an action script is not intended to introduce a new method for participatory design. Rather, it aims to provide conceptual language for an action mode that is already widely present in everyday life and professional practice, yet often remains under-theorized. By foregrounding leveraging, the article seeks to support readers in becoming more attentive to how one action gives rise to another, and how action unfolds through mutual responsiveness within concrete situations. To elaborate on this script, the article addresses three interrelated questions. The first two concern epistemology: how can we narrate change as it unfolds through action without reducing it to linear causality, and how can small-scale actions in everyday life be taken seriously as forms of design practice? The third question concerns the ethics of action: when social problems cannot be directly solved, should the responsibility of design still be framed in terms of problem-solving, or should it instead be understood as a sustained capacity to respond to concrete lived situations?

landscape architecture  /  leveraging  /  animating  /  public engagement  /  community garden  /  phenomenology
Zhipeng DUAN. Leveraging: On How Situated Design Animates Public Life[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2026 , 42 (3) : 30 -36 . DOI: 10.19775/j.cla.2026.03.0030
Year 2026 volume 42 Issue 3
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doi: 10.19775/j.cla.2026.03.0030
  • Receive Date:2025-12-03
  • Online Date:2026-07-08
  • Published:2026-03-10
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  • Received:2025-12-03
  • Revised:2025-12-22
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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