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Outline
Aneuploidy refers to the number of chromosomes in the nucleus that is not an integral multiple of genome, including monosomy, trisomy, tetrasomy, double trisomy, nullsomy, etc., and is closely related to cancer. An aneuge is a substance that induces increase or decrease in the number of chromosomes of daughter cells, that is, a substance that leads to the formation of aneuploidy. The current guidance on genotoxicity testing requires assessment of chemicals' potential to induce aneuploidy. However, the standard battery of genotoxicity does not include an independent test designed specially for aneuploidy test. Micronucleus assay with the staining of kinetochores and FISH provides direct evidence for chromosome or genome mutations. MultiFlow and ToxTracker assays provide mechanistic information and permit genotoxins to be distinguished based on their MoA. At present, there are few data on comprehensive risk assessment of aneugens in germ cells. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to carry out research on the effect of aneugens on germ cells and conduct a comprehensive risk assessment to supplement the gaps of data in this field. This article reviewed the scientific literature on the biological mechanisms, methods used to detect chemical aneugens, risks of aneuploidy and ramifications of exposure to chemical aneugens for human health risk assessment.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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