To conduct a theoretical research of industrial innovation ecosystem to solve the problems in the development of traditional Chinese medicine industry which stem from the lack of innovation motivation and the blockage of the construction of innovation ecosystem.

This paper analyzed the evolution of the system and the changes of the role of the innovation subject in the evolution, and put forward the effective strategic choice path, so as to promote the evolution of traditional Chinese medicine industry innovation ecosystem, and to provide references for improving the innovation and competitiveness of traditional Chinese medicine industry. On the basis of clarifying the composition and interaction mode of the innovation ecosystem of traditional Chinese medicine industry, this paper analyzed the changing characteristics of innovation subjects in the three stages of system innovation evolution 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 in Huangjing (Polygonati Rhizoma) industry of Anhui Province. Innovation individuals led by scientific research, formed by innovation producers such as universities, research and development institutions and R&D enterprises, and changed into innovation groups formed by the service of intermediary institutions, financial institutions, government and other innovation disintegrators, and then changed into innovation community, facilitated by innovation consumers composed of large enterprises and the public.

The research showed that P.rhizoma industry innovation ecosystem in Anhui Province has gone through the 1.0 stage driven by technological innovation and the 2.0 stage guided by policies, but the 3.0 stage driven by market pull has not been completed. The obstacles to its evolution arised from the insufficient product innovation of innovative producers such as R&D-oriented enterprises and hospitals, the imperfect construction of information platforms for innovative decomposers such as intermediary agencies and sales enterprises, and the failure of industrial chain collaboration caused by the absence of innovative consumers such as manufacturing enterprises and growers.

The final formation of the industrial innovation ecosystem 3.0 can only be driven by R&D enterprises promoting product innovation, intermediary agencies improving information platforms, and manufacturing enterprises leading industrial chain collaboration.