Toxicologic pathology is one of the most valuable disciplines contributing to the advancement of animal and human health. The gold standard of the toxicologic pathology evaluation in toxicity studies during nonclinical safety evaluation of drugs is considered to be the histopathological examination of paraffin-embedded, hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections. Digital toxicologic pathology, artificial intelligence (AI), and in particular machine learning (ML) are globally disruptive, rapidly growing sectors of technology whose impact on the field of histopathology is quickly being realized. The development and application of increasing numbers of algorithms in the histopathological field have demonstrated that AI pathology platforms are now poised to truly impact the future of digital toxicologic pathology, precision medicine, and personalized medicine. However, as with all great technological advances, there are implementation and adoption challenges. The development of AI and ML, application of AI in toxicologic pathology, application of ML in digital toxicologic pathology, and impact of AI on digital toxicologic pathology were reviewed in the paper, in order to provide some references for applying AI and ML in toxicologic pathology in China.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |