Tumor immunotherapy is a major breakthrough in the history of tumor therapy. New immunooncological drugs targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CAR-T cells have achieved gratifying clinical efficacy. However, due to the complexity and particularity of tumor immune microenvironment, it is difficult for a single target treatment mode to achieve a lasting response. Recurrence, metastasis and resistance are still difficult for most advanced cancer patients to overcome. Recently, PD-(L)1/TGF-β bispecific antibodies have become a hot spot in the research of tumor immunomodulatory drugs, which contains two functional domains and interacts with PD-(L)1 and TGF-β simultaneously to restore the activity of T cells and enhance the immune response. This paper mainly analyzes the clinical research progress of PD-(L)1/TGF-β bifunctional antibodies, which have been developing rapidly in recent years. We further analyze the existing problems and make an outlook on the prospect of dual-target tumor immunotherapy, in order to provide basis and reference for bifunctional or multifunctional drugs.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |