Tumor immunotherapy holds immense potential for tumor treatment because it can utilize the patient's immune system to eradicate tumors and prevent tumor recurrence. Nanoparticles are expected to be the optimal carrier for tumor immunotherapy due to their unique advantages. Ca2+, as the second messenger in cells, plays an important role in regulating the immune response in vivo. Recent studies have shown that calcium nanoparticles, such as calcium peroxide (CaO2) nanoparticles, calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles, calcium hydride (CaH2) nanoparticles and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles, can activate anti-tumor immune responses through a variety of mechanisms. In addition, calcium nanoparticles can also be used in combination with other therapies such as photothermal therapy (PTT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), chemotherapy and radiotherapy to synergically fight tumors to exert the "immune+" anti-tumor effect. In this article, we reviewed the recent research progress of calcium nanoparticles in tumor immunotherapy, and looked forward to the challenges of this field.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |