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Compared with other administration methods such as intravenous injection, oral administration is simple and feasible with low medical cost and high safety, and can relieve the pain of patients and enhance humanistic care. However, due to the harsh gastrointestinal environment, many oral drugs cannot reach their target sites with effective concentrations to exert therapeutic effects. Therefore, there are many challenges in developing oral drugs. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, which transport proteins, nucleic acids, miRNA and other bioactive substances to receptor cells for intercellular communication. Recently, a number of researchers have reported that vesicles with structures similar to those secreted by mammalian cells can be extracted from vegetables, fruits and dairy products, and named them as food-derived exosomes (FDEs). FDEs have attracted wide attention due to their low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, non-toxic and environmental properties. This review summarizes the medical application of FDEs as oral preparations, hoping to provide theoretical reference for the development and application of oral preparations based on FDEs.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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