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Neoantigens are a class of specific polypeptides produced by gene mutations in tumor cells, which can be expressed and processed in cells. They are subsequently presented to the cell surface by major histocompatibility complexes and recognized by T cells, thus activating the body's immune system and initiating a series of immune responses. Due to the rapid development of sequencing technology and artificial intelligence prediction methods, neoantigen-based tumor immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach for future cancer treatment. In the era of precision medicine, neoantigen-based personalized tumor vaccines and adoptive T cell transfer therapy have shown encouraging results in the treatment of malignant melanoma, brain glioma and other tumors. Furthermore, the combination of neoantigens with other immunotherapies shows significant potential for application. However, as a new personalized treatment approach, its development and regulation are facing numerous challenges. In this article, we briefly introduce the research progress and regulatory status of neoantigens in order to provide reference for the research and development and regulation of neoantigens in China.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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