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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system, characterized by β-amyloid deposition and abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein, while its etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated. The most common presentation of AD is of an elderly individual with progressive problems of memory impairment, cognitive dysfunction, mental symptoms, and loss of living ability. Dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is a highly evolutionary conserved protein kinase, which is related to retardation, neurodegeneration, severe cognitive impairment, and early onset AD. Compelling data have implicated that DYRK1A phosphorylates a variety of substrates on serine or threonine residues, thereby regulating the different cellular processes involved in brain development and function. Thus, DYRK1A might be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of AD, as it is implicated in the formation of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, oxidative stress injury and inflammatory responses. In this paper, we reviews the structure, distribution, and function of DYRK1A, as well as its role in the pathogenesis of AD, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of AD.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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