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A new type of ginsenoside was semi-synthesized by D-ribose and ginsenoside DQ using glycosyl trichloroacetimide ester method. Its in vivo and in vitro anti-tumor activity and its mechanism of action were studied, and the metabolic pathways and products were analyzed by serum metabolomics.
Using D-ribose and ginsenoside DQ as raw materials, new ginsenoside derivatives were synthesized by chemical methods, and their structures were identified. The effects on S180 cells, human lung adenocarcinoma SPC-A-1 cells, anti-tumor activity in A549 cells and inhibition to mouse S180 tumor cells were determined by MTT method. Its anti-tumor mechanism was explored based on cell metabolomics analysis.
For the first time, a new ocotillol-type ginsenoside, 12-riboside-pseudoginsengenin DQ (RPDQ), was semi-synthesized by chemical methods, and was identified as (20S, 24S)-12-O-α-D-ribofuranosyl-Dama-20,24-epoxy-3β,12β, 25-triol, the yield is 38.6%, and the purity is 99.1%. MTT detection of RPDQ can significantly inhibit the proliferation of three kinds of tumor cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that RPDQ inhibited solid tumors in tumor-bearing mice, improved the histomorphology of tumor cells, reduced the spleen and thymus indices in tumor-bearing mice and prolonged the survival days of mice. Metabolomics results showed that RPDQ exerted its anti-tumor effects by regulating seven metabolic pathways, including arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism. Sixteen biomarkers were identified through principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) screening, and a network of signaling pathways related to the anti-tumor effects of RPDQ in mice was investigated.
The synthesis of RPDQ provides a reference for the synthesis and activity research of such ginsenoside derivatives. RPDQ shows good anti-tumor activity, which provides a theoretical basis and data support for the further research and development of pseudoginsengenin.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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