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To investigate the effect of agarwood line incense (ALI) burning on anxiety and depression and its mechanism.
Chronic unforeseeable mild stress (CUMS) was applied to induce depression-like model and M-chloropheniperazine (MCPP) was applied to induce anxiety model. By using open field test (OFT), light-dark transtition test (LDT), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST), changes of activity after inhaling the incense were measured to evaluate its effects of anti-anxiety and anti-depression. To investigate the mechanism, monoamine neurotransmitters in brain, such as 5-HT, Glu, and GABAA, were observed by ELISA. The protein expression levels of GRN2B, GRM5, GluR1, VGluT1 were evaluated by Western Blot.
Compared with the anxiety model group, the total distance and average velocity significantly reduced (P<0.05), the rest time increased (P<0.05), and the distance and average velocity in the black box reduced (P<0.05) in ALI inhalation group. Compared with the depression model group, the total distance and average velocity significantly increased (P<0.05), the rest time decreased (P<0.05), and the immobile time of TST and FST decreased (P<0.05) in the ALI group. The ALI inhalation increased the levels of 5-HT and GABA (P<0.05), decreased the level of Glu (P<0.05) in the brain tissues of the anxiety model group. ALI decreased the level of GABA (P<0.05), and increased the levels of 5-HT and Glu (P<0.05). ALI increased the protein expression levels of GRN2B, GRM5, GluR1, and VGluT1 in hypothalamus of the rats in anxiety model group. ALI decreased the protein expression of GRM5 and increased the protein expressions of GRN2B, GluR1, and VGluT1 in hypothalamus of the rats in depression model group.
ALI has a significant anxiolytic and anti-depression effects, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of the levels of 5-HT, Glu, GABAA, and the protein expression of GRN2B, GluR1, and VGluT1 in hypothalamus.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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