Histopathology data of toxicology studies during nonclinical safety evaluation of drugs are critical during the drug discovery and development process that is necessary for regulatory bodies to assess drug-related toxicity in laboratory animals and its impact on human safety in clinical trials. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in clinical medical practice with progress in the whole slide image (WSI), digital pathology and algorithms. However, the progress of machine learning (ML)-in particular, deep learning (DL)-has been rather slow in toxicologic pathology of nonclinical toxicology studies. This paper briefly reviews the role of toxicologic pathology in drug discovery and development, overview of AI and approaches of DL, applications of approaches of DL in toxicologic pathology, as well as the challenges in implementation of approaches of DL in toxicologic pathology, in order to provide reference for implementation of approaches of DL in toxicologic pathology for toxicology studies during nonclinical safety evaluation of drugs in China.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |