Targeted protein degradation (TPD) strategies have been used by academia and industry as one of the promising new drug development technologies to address targeted proteins that are not effectively acted upon by conventional small molecule inhibitors. Protein hydrolysis-targeted chimeras (PROTAC) have become the most well-studied protein-targeted degradation technique in TPD, which comprises of a POI-binding ligand, an E3 ligand, and a linker connecting the two ligands. Once the POI ligand binds to the receptor protein, PROTAC recruits the E3 ligand to ubiquitinate the protein and finally degrades it through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. PROTAC technology offers great potential for therapeutic applications because it can target proteins that lack well-defined active degradation sites, which are often involved in the pathogenesis of cancer and other diseases. To enhance PROTAC's target delivery and tissue selectivity, the industry has begun to investigate new strategies, such as discovering new E3 ligases and developing corresponding ligands, along with continuing to investigate more emerging PROTAC modalities to further promote PROTAC. These strategies and relevant studies are discussed in this review.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |