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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disease with an etiology that has not yet been fully elucidated. Its pathogenesis involves multiple factors, including genetic susceptibility, environmental influences, intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, and abnormal immune responses. In recent years, the incidence of UC has shown a rising trend worldwide, with particularly rapid growth in newly industrialized countries. As understanding of the disease pathophysiology deepens, the treatment strategies have evolved from traditional broad-spectrum immunosuppression to targeted and personalized therapies. The biologics and small-molecule targeted drugs have significantly transformed the therapeutic landscape for moderate-to-severe UC, including biologics such as anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibodies, anti-interleukin-23 antibodies, and anti-integrin antibodies, as well as small molecules such as Janus kinase inhibitors, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor antagonists, and integrin antagonists. This review focuses on novel targeted therapies, providing a reference for their clinical applications in UC patients and future research on innovative drug development.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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