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Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) serves as a critical indicator for assessing renal function, and its accurate measurement is essential for preclinical studies, clinical research, and fundamental research. This article systematically reviews the recent advances in GFR detection methods, including the application of endogenous markers (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and cystatin C) and exogenous markers (inulin, iohexol, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-sinistrin, and radiolabeled compounds), as well as emerging techniques such as in vivo fluorescence imaging. While endogenous markers offer operational convenience, their accuracy is limited by susceptibility to non-renal factors. Among exogenous markers, although inulin is the gold standard, its procedure is cumbersome, whereas FITC-inulin and iohexol achieve a balance between non-invasiveness and accuracy but still require optimization. Emerging technologies, such as multiphoton high-resolution fluorescence imaging, enable dynamic monitoring of single-nephron GFR, although challenges persist in the assessment of overall renal function. Future development should focus on non-invasive, high-precision, and continuous monitoring approaches. This article provides methodological references for renal function research and discusses future trends in technological innovation, aiming to serve as a reference for those involved in preclinical and clinical studies of renal function and the development of GFR monitoring techniques.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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