Latest ArticlesTo analyze respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) outbreaks surveillance results and the epidemiological characteristics in kindergarten and school in Shenzhen during 2017-2023, so as to provide a scientific reference for control and prevention of RSV.
Epidemiological data and surveillance results of RSV outbreaks in kindergarten and school from 2017 to 2023 were collected for descriptive analyses.
A total of 31 RSV outbreaks were identified in kindergarten and school in 2017-2023 in Shenzhen, 346 cases were reported, the average incidence rate was 22.02%. The most annual RSV outbreaks were reported in 2020 with 14 outbreaks, followed by 8 outbreaks in 2023. A total of 64.52% of RSV outbreaks were identified in kindergarten with rest occurring in primary school or middle school. The greatest monthly count of outbreak was 18 (58.06%) in September, followed by 3 outbreaks (9.68%) in March and October. A total of 244 swab samples were collected, 169 samples were positive for respiratory viruses, the positive rate was 69.26%, 121 samples were positive for RSV, from 31 respiratory syncytical virus outbreaks 57 and samples were positive for other respiratory viruses(9 samples were positive for two respiratory viruses). A toral of 14(45.16%) outbreaks are caused by RSV alone, 17 outbreaks (54.84%) were caused by RSV and other respiratory viruses.
Most RSV outbreaks in kindergarten and school are reported after 2020 in Shenzhen, most RSV outbreaks occur in kindergarten, peak seasons of RSV outbreaks are autumn and spring.
To construct a scientific and perfect evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities, so as to provide reference tools for colleges and universities to effectively respond to infectious disease.
The initial framework of the evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities was constructed by using literature analysis method. Experts familiar with infectious disease prevention and control or school health work were selected to conduct two rounds(n=16, 18) of Delphi expert consultation for determining the evaluation index system. Analytical hierarchy process was used to calculate the index weights and combined weights. About 198 prevention and control personnel were conveniently selected from 3 universities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to comprehensively evaluate the evaluation indicators by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.
After two rounds of Delphi consultation questionnaire, the effective recovery rates were 80.0% and 90.0%, the expert authority levels were 0.89 and 0.86, the expert harmony coefficients for Kendall W were 0.166 and 0.310, and the variation coefficient of each index was < 0.25. Finally, the evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability of colleges and universities included 4 first-level indicators, 14 second-level indicators and 75 third-level indicators. The weights of prevention and monitoring and early warning, organizational system guarantee, emergency management, rehabilitation and summary were 0.176, 0.476, 0.268 and 0.080, respectively. The top 3 weights of the secondary indexes were 0.623 for infectious disease surveillance and early warning, 0.595 for loss assessment and 0.370 for emergency response. The score of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities was 79.148, suggesting a high level.
The established evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities is scientific and reasonable, which is conducive to provide tool reference for the evaluation of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities.
To understand the current situation and related factors of screening myopia among students in special education schools, so as to provide evidence for promoting the health level of this population.
From November 2021 to December 2023, a total of 281 students from 6 special education schools in 5 districts of Tianjin were selected by cluster random sampling method for computer optometry visual acuity examination for non-ciliary paralysis and questionnaire survey. Multiple Logistic regression was performed to analyze the influencing factors of screening myopia among special education students.
The screening myopia detection rate among these special education students in Tianjin was 27.0%, and the screening myopia detection rates of students with autism, developmental delays, and intellectual disabilities were 22.4%, 12.5%, and 33.0%, respectively. The degree of myopia increased with age (χtrend2=22.65, P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age(10-13 years old: OR=5.40, 14-17 years old: OR=8.40, 18-23 years old: OR=6.02), accommodation(non-resident: OR=0.29), daily mobile phone usage ≥2 hours (OR=2.37), and daily computer/tablet usage ≥2 hours (OR=2.70) were the risk factors for screening myopia among special education students (P < 0.05).
The detection rate and degree of screening myopia increase with age in special education students. Prolonged screen time exposure is a primary risk factor for screening myopia in special education students. Effective myopia prevention and control strategies should be designed according to the characteristics of special education students.
School garden education is not only a planting activity, but also an experiential, interdisciplinary, innovative and learning model that integrates gardening and outdoor activities into the school curriculum. The research summarizes the relevant literature at home and abroad and concludes that, by participating in the practical activities of vegetable gardens, children and adolescents could enhance their environmental awareness, promote the formation of healthy eating habits, enhance their hands-on ability and physical activities, and at the same time make them develop positively in their sense of responsibility and social emotions.
Family is the primary living place of children and adolescents, which has important impacts on children and adolescents' physical activity. The article systematically reviews the research progress on potential mechanisms of family influence on physical activities of children and adolescents, focusing on the theoretical mechanism of intergenerational transmission on parent-child physical activities, which includes family's role in children's motivation and achievement for exercise behaviors, the integrative model of parental socialization influence and integrated model of physical activity parenting. It provides new perspectives for future research in related fields and gives more suggestions and reference for subsequent development of family enhancement programs and family-school collaborative programs.
Disabled children not only suffer from disability associated health impairment, but also face other health challenges similar to typically developing children, such as overweight and obesity, oral health problems, eye conditions, mental health problems, sleep problems as well as harm. Similar with typical development children, growth and development period is a critical period for the physical and mental development of disabled children. Timely, appropriate, and continuous hygiene and health services provided during childhood according to the different needs of disabled children, can effectively stimulate their own compensatory mechanisms, enabling them to achieve better rehabilitation effects and higher health levels.
The construction of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) specialty cohorts in China is still in its infancy, and the cost-effectiveness is insufficient when relying on diagnostic and treatment processes of child health care to collect ample and high-quality data. After 2000, the United States Simons Foundation's ASD Research Initiative, the Early ASD Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI), and the British ASD Study of Infant Siblings (BASIS), which have been built based on Internet recruitment, have provided new insight for the construction of large-sample ASD specialty cohorts in China. Future research can further explore and optimize the methods of Internet recruitment, and establish a more comprehensive and accurate ASD specialty cohorts.
To investigate the association of physical activity and screen time with overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with special needs in Tianjin, so as to provide scientific evidence for childhood obesity prevention and intervention measures in the population.
From January 2022 to June 2024, 296 children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders aged 2-18 years were recruited from special education schools and institutions in Tianjin. Height and weight were measured, and a standardized questionnaire was used to assess physical activity and screen time. Binary Logistic regression analysis was carried out to investigate the association of physical activity and screen time with overweight and obesity.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with special needs in Tianjin were 17.2% and 21.6%, respectively, and the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 38.9%. The median of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time was 0.20 h/d, and physical activity sufficiency rate was 7.8%. The median of screen time was 1.79 h/d, and the screen time compliance rate was 68.2%. The binary Logistic regression results showed that lower levels of MVPA time and increased screen time were associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with special needs [OR(95%CI)=1.80(1.06-3.07), 2.40(1.42-4.07), P < 0.05].
Insufficient physical activity and excessive screen time are associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with special needs. Therefore, comprehensive intervention measures should be implemented as early as possible to prevent and reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity in this population.
To evaluate the intervention efficacy of integrated group social skills training on social ability in school-age patients with high-functioning ASD, so as to provide a reference for improving social skills in children with high-functioning ASD.
From January 2021 to December 2023, 62 children aged 7-12 with high-functioning ASD who visited the Children's Psychiatry Outpatient Department of the Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University were recruited, and were randomly divided into a training (n=31) and a control group (n=31) by a random number table method. The training group received a 20-week structured group social training program (mental interpretation courses and social courses), while the control group received only conventional treatment. Chinese version of Griffith Empathy Measure Parent Ratings (GEM-PR) and Social Response Scale (SRS) were used to assess the symptoms of social deficits before and after treatment. Emotional face recognition tasks and eye movement trajectories were used to test the characteristics of social visual attention in children with ASD. Group comparison was conducted using t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.
At baseline, there were no significant differences in GEM-PR score (t=-1.20 to -0.81), SRS score (t=-0.36-1.75), emotional face recognition accuracy and reaction time (t=-0.58-1.85), and eye movement trajectory (U/t=-1.63-0.29) between the two group (P>0.05). After intervention, the total GEM-PR score and empathic cognitive factor score of training group [18.00(10.00, 24.00), 9.00(8.00, 13.00)] were significantly higher than those of the control group [12.00(-1.00, 18.00), 2.00(-2.00, 7.00)], and the total SRS score and social cognition, social perception, social communication, social motivation (73.23±14.20, 16.16±2.72, 6.58±2.50, 24.29±5.61, 9.52±3.73) were significantly lower than those of the control group (95.26±15.29, 19.90±2.84, 12.58±2.49, 31.94±6.38, 13.74±4.81) (U/t=-2.38, -4.59; -5.88, -5.29, -9.47, -5.01, -3.87, P < 0.05). The overall correct rate of emotional face recognition and the correct rate of angry, fearful and neutral faces recognition in the training group [(81.55±6.62)%, (76.86±12.06)%, (79.61±12.42)%, (94.27±6.26)%] were significantly higher than the control group [(70.55±13.82)%, (62.82±18.77)%, (67.18±18.85)%, (79.60±20.05)%], and the average reaction time [(2 226.70±274.43)ms] was lower than the control group [(2 417.27±324.10)ms] (t=4.00, 3.50, 3.07, 3.89, -2.42, P < 0.05). The time to first eye gaze [764.74 (748.64, 793.73) ms] in the training group was significantly lower than that in the control group [810.92 (782.86, 877.42) ms], and the proportion of moderate-to-high intensity attention area in the face [(37.37±1.27)%] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(30.34±1.23)%] (U/t=3.44, 8.89, P < 0.05).
Integrated group social training can significantly improve the social communication and empathy ability of high-functioning ASD children, increase active attention and recognition ability of faces, and improve mental development of children with ASD.
To explore the association between mediterranean diet (MD) patterns and dental caries among children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), so as to provide a basis for developing scientific anti-caries strategies related to diet.
From December 2021 to June 2024, a questionnaire survey, a three-day 24-hour dietary review survey, oral health examination, physical development measurement and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) evaluation were conducted involving 147 children and adolescents aged 2-22 years with NDD from nine special education schools and rehabilitation institutions in Tianjin. Group comparisons were carried out using the Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, or Fisher's exact probability method. The correlation between dietary quality and dental caries was analyzed by adopting multiple linear regression analysis and restricted cubic spline.
There were 46 children and adolescents (31.3%) in the non-dental caries group and 101 children and adolescents (68.7%) in the dental caries group. The number of decayed missing and filled teeth (dmft) was 2.0 (4.0), and the MD score was 4.0 (2.0) points. There were 62 children and adolescents (42.2%) in the low MD scores group and 85 children and adolescents (57.8%) in the high MD scores group. There was no significant difference in MD scores between NDD children in the non-dental caries group and those in the dental caries group [non-dental caries group: 4.0(2.0), dental caries group: 4.0(2.0), Z=-0.14, P>0.05]. The MD scores and dmft exhibited increasing and then decreasing trend (Ptotal=0.02, Pnon-lineary=0.04). Children and adolescents with NDD in the MD high scores group had a lower number of dmft than those in the MD low scores group (β=-2.00, 95%CI=-3.39 to -0.62, P < 0.05). However, in children and adolescents with NDD and CARS scores ≥30, the above association was insignificant (β=-0.63, 95%CI=-0.29-0.15, P>0.05).
Children and adolescents with NDD who have dietary patterns similar to the Mediterranean diet, are found to have fewer dental caries, and this is observed among those with no or mild symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.
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