Full
Outline
To understand the unhealthy listening habits and related factors hearing on impairment among primary and middle school students in Jilin Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of hearing impairment in children and adolescents.
From September to November 2021, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 12 847 primary and middle school students in nine cities of Jilin Province who use headphones for more than 0.5 hours daily for a questionnaire survey. Data on unhealthy listening habits, lifestyle habits and hearing impairment were collected. The data were analyzed using the χ2 test and Logistic regression.
Totally 1 702 students(13.25%) experienced hearing impairment within the last month. There were statistical differences between the sexes with the average daily headphone use, the times of using headphones ≥1 h every day for one week use in all environment or noisy environment (χ2=47.86, 57.60, 66.31, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis results showed that factors related to the occurrence of hearing impairment among primary and secondary school students included: average daily headphone use of 1-2 h and more than 2 h (OR=1.74, 95%CI=1.60-1.90; OR=1.73, 95%CI=1.59-1.90), times of using headphones ≥1 h every day for one week were 1-2 times and >2 times (OR=1.71, 95%CI=1.59-1.84; OR=1.83, 95%CI=1.71-1.97), the times of using headphones≥1 h every day for one week being 1-2 times and >2 times in noisy environment per week (OR=1.48, 95%CI=1.40-1.56; OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.61-1.86), economic underdevelopment (OR=1.85, 95%CI=1.76-1.96), boarding (OR=1.78, 95%CI=1.69-1.89), single-parent family (OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.60-1.87), daily activity duration less than 1 h (OR=1.71, 95%CI=1.63-1.81), sedentary behavior duration more than 6 h per day (OR=1.88, 95%CI=1.79-1.98) (P<0.05).
The behavior of ear protection among primary and middle school students in Jilin Province needs to be enhanced, focusing on students in economically underdeveloped areas, boarding schools and single-parent families. It is necessary to guide primary and middle school students to improve their bad ear habits, increase outdoor activities and reduce the time of sitting.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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