Citrus fruit， one of the most widely cultivated fruits globally， is highly perishable. Traditional packaging films are no longer sufficient to fully prevent its infection by pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. Furthermore， non-biodegradable packaging films pose a serious threat to the Earth's ecosystem. To solve the above problems， this study successfully prepared polybutylene adipate terephthalate /polylactic acid/ curcumin (PBAT/PLA/Cur) composite films using degradable materials. The results showed that the photodynamic bactericidal effect of the Cur composite film against Penicillium digitatum， Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes reached 99%. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM)， X-ray diffraction (XRD)， Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)， differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)， mechanical properties and other tests， it was found that the Cur composite film has a uniform microporous structure and excellent tensile properties. The average pore sizes of PBAT/PLA/0.5%Cur films were (222±64)， (275±83)， (356±89) nm， respectively. The tensile strength of PBAT/PLA/0.5% CUR films could reach (7.35±2.1) MPa， and the elongation at break could reach (333±19)%. In addition， the CUR-compound thin-wrapped citrus fruit has a low water loss rate， the spoilage rate of the citrus after inoculation with P. digitatum is reduced by 60%， and the shelf life can be extended for 3 days. In summary， the Cur composite film can effectively maintain the quality of citrus， improve the storage resistance of citrus fruit， and have broad application prospects in the field of citrus preservation.

Objective: To investigate the effects of preharvest spraying of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on the antioxidant metabolism and storage quality of postharvest prunes. Methods: Xinjiang ｀French' prunes were used as test material， and different concentrations of COS (0.5， 1.0， 2.0 g/L) were sprayed during fruit set， expansion， color change and ripening， respectively. The postharvest fruits were stored at a temperature of (1.0±1) ℃ and a relative humidity of 90%-95% for 90 d， and the relevant indexes were determined by sampling every 15 d. The results were summarized as follows Samples were taken every 15 d and related indexes were measured. Results: Pre-harvest application of COS maintained higher firmness， titratable acidity， and soluble solids content in plum fruits during storage. It effectively suppressed surface color darkening， significantly reduced respiratory intensity and weight loss rate， with superior sensory quality compared to the control group. Among the treatments， the 1.0 g/L COS group exhibited the most favorable effects: 57.24% higher firmness， 115.38% higher titratable acidity， 19.38% higher soluble solids content， 22.09% lower respiration rate， and 48.42% lower weight loss compared to the control. Compared with the control group， pre-harvest spraying with 1.0 g/L COS promoted the accumulation of ascorbic acid (ASA) and glutathione (GSH) content. Increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD)， catalase (CAT)， peroxidase (POD)， ascorbate peroxidase (APX)， glutathione reductase (GR) activity， reduced the rate of superoxide anion (O₂-·) production and hydrogen peroxide (H2O₂) content， and inhibited the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the increase of cell membrane. Conclusion: The preharvest spraying of COS can regulate the antioxidant metabolism of prune fruits during storage and maintain the storage quality of prune fruits.

ε-polylysine (ε-PL) is a common natural food preservative. In this paper， the antibacterial effect of ε-polylysine-sodium hexametaphosphate (ε-PL-SHMP) polymer on pasteurized milk and its effects on the physicochemical properties of milk system were analyzed. Combined with SDS-PAGE map， the stability analysis of protein changes in milk. The results showed that ε-PL-SHMP polymer had a good inhibitory effect on the number of Bacillus cereus in milk within 7 days and the number of Staphylococcus aureus in milk below 106 CFU/mL within 3 days compared with the blank group during the 1-week storage period. The pH value of pasteurized milk treated with ε-PL-SHMP polymer was maintained in the range of 6.8-6.9， which was not significantly changed from other groups， and the relative viscosity increased slightly from 0.0008 Pa·s to 0.0012 Pa·s on the 7th day compared with that of the ε-PL treatment group. SDS-PAGE spectra showed that ε-PL binded to and precipitated proteins in milk with the prolongation of storage time， while proteins in the ε-PL-SHMP polymer treatment group were more stable. The stability analysis showed that the stability of the ε-PL alone treatment group was the worst， and the pasteurized milk system with ε-PL-SHMP polymer showed a good and stable dispersion state. Conclusion: ε-PL-SHMP polymer can improve the application quality of ε-PL in milk system， have a better antibacterial effect on pasteurized milk and improve the stability of the milk system.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the anti-fatigue mechanism of male flower of Eucommia ulmoides by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology， to clarify the interaction between its active components and key targets， and to provide scientific basis for its application. Methods: UPLC-MS technology was used to analyze the active components of male flower of Eucommia ulmoides， combined with database screening component targets and fatigue related targets， identified common targets by Venn analysis， constructed PPI network and functional pathway analysis， and verified the binding ability of key components and targets by molecular docking. Results: 63 active components and 868 targets were identified and 170 intersection targets were screened. Network analysis showed that EGFR， AKT1 and TP53 were the key targets， and the molecular docking were verified to have strong binding to these targets. Conclusions: This study revealed the potential mechanism of anti-fatigue of male flowers of Euonymus ulmoides by network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Active ingredients such as Yohimbic acid monohydrate may exert anti-fatigue effects through interactions with key targets such as EGFR， AKT1， TP53， etc. These findings provide a theoretical basis for further research and application of male flower of Eucommia ulmoides in the field of anti-fatigue.

A nitrite-degrading strain， Levilactobacillus brevis JYX2， was isolated from naturally fermented sauerkraut in Northeast China， and its safety was evaluated through hemolysis test and antibiotic susceptibility test. To elucidate the genomic characteristics of L. brevis JYX2 and its nitrite degradation-related genes， Pacbio third-generation sequencing and Illumina second-generation sequencing technologies were employed for whole-genome sequencing. Based on the obtained sequences， gene prediction and functional annotation analysis were conducted through COG， GO， and KEGG databases. Meanwhile， the safety of L. brevis JYX2 was analyzed using the CARD and VFDB databases. The results showed that L. brevis JYX2 could degrade up to 98.72% of sodium nitrite in the culture medium after 24 h of incubation in MRS medium containing 100 μg/mL sodium nitrite. And the strain exhibited no hemolytic activity and demonstrated high sensitivity to antibiotics such as gentamicin， erythromycin， and chloramphenicol (with inhibition zone diameters ≥ 20 mm)， indicating a favorable safety profile. The genome of L. brevis JYX2 was composed of a circular closed DNA and a circular plasmid， with a genome length of 2 567 154 bp and a GC content of 45.82%. A total of 2 485 coding genes， 65 tRNA genes， 15 rRNA genes， and 27 sRNAs were predicted. Furthermore， 1 926， 1 762， 1 823， 73， 180， 217 functional genes were annotated in COG， GO， KEGG， CAZY， CARD and VFDB databases， respectively. Further analysis revealed that no nitrite reductase gene was detected in the genome of L. brevis JYX2， suggesting that its nitrite degradation may rely on other enzymes or mechanisms. Additionally， predictive analyses of virulence and resistance genes further confirmed the safety of the L. brevis JYX2 strain. In conclusion， L. brevis JYX2 exhibits both functional efficacy and safety， making it a suitable candidate as a fermentation agent for nitrite reduction in fermented foods.

This study aims to develop a rapid， accurate， and environmentally friendly detection method for patulin (PAT) in apples and apple products. PAT， a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium expansum， poses significant health risks， including teratogenicity， carcinogenicity， immunotoxicity， neurotoxicity， and genotoxicity. Given the potential for PAT contamination during apple product processing， establishing an efficient detection method is crucial for food safety. Traditional methods are complex， time-consuming， and involve high consumption of organic solvents. In this study， the QuEChERS extraction combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was aolopted， to optimise the selection of extraction solvent (acetonitrile)， salting-out agents (anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride)， and reconstitution solvent (1% acetonitrile in water)， thereby enhancing detection efficiency and sensitivity. The optimal chromatographic conditions were determined using a BEH C18 column with gradient elution. Method validation revealed a limit of detection of 0.4 μg/kg， a limit of quantification of 0.8 μg/kg， and linear ranges of 0.1-12.5 μg/L and 3.2-400 μg/L， with correlation coefficients (R2) exceeding 0.999. The intraday and interday precision， expressed as relative standard deviation， was less than 5.5%， and the recovery rates were above 98%， indicating good accuracy and precision. The results demonstrate that the QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS method effectively detects PAT in apples and apple products with high sensitivity and accuracy， and it can be applied to control PAT contamination in other fruit products. Additionally， the study found that the sugar-boiling step in apple product processing significantly reduced PAT levels， suggesting that high-temperature treatment plays an important role in PAT degradation. Future research could further explore the impact of different processing conditions on PAT levels and the application of this method in other food matrices.

Objectives: Glyphosate was an efficient herbicide， while there was negative impact on water environment and human health. Therefore， it is significant to develop an efficient and accurate method to detect the glyphosate in water. In this study， a fluorescent turn-on probe was designed based on R-phycoerythrin in Porphyra haitanensis for detection of glyphosate in water. Methods: The crude extract in P. haitanensis was extracted by freeze-thaw cycle and ultrasonication. The peptide mass fingerprint， abosorbance spectrum and SDS-PAGE indicated the extract was R-phycoerythrin. The purity of R-phycoerythrin was as high as 4.96 after purification. Further studies indicated the R-phycoerythrin was specific fluorescence responsed to Cu2+ ions. A fluorescent probe based on the copper ion quenching R-phycoerythrin fluorescence was designed. Results: The probe fluorescence signal showed good linear relationship with the glyphosate concentration， and the detection limit was 443.4 μg/L， which was significantly lower than the maximum allowable residue limit (0.7 mg/L) specified for glyphosate in the Chinese National Standard for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749—2022). The probe was used to detect the glyphosate content in two water samples and the glyphosate was tested. Conclusions: The study not only highly-value utilized of P. haitanensis， but also provides a new method for the detection of glyphosate residues in water， which has certain scientific significance and application value.

Volatile metabolites of Clavispora lusitaniae J5 in different culture were studied. The extracts of potatoes， sorghum， wheat， and red millet were used as the culture medium to cultivate Clavispora lusitaniae J5. The volatile metabolites were investigated by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction-two dimensional gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry， and analyzed by chemometric methods. A total of 65 volatile compounds were detected in cultures of Clavispora lusitaniae J5. There was greater abundance of volatile components in HXM， and greater total concentration of volatile components in XM. There was no significant difference in the concentration of ethanol， ethyl hexanoate， ethyl octanoate， phenylethyl acetate， acetaldehyde and ethyl heptanoate among the three types of grain cultures. 40 Key volatile metabolites with variable importance in projection (VIP)>1 and significant differences in content were obtained by the orthogonal partial least-squares regression discriminant analysis model， as well as 5 volatile metabolites with significant differences in content with VIP<1. Hexanol， butyl acetate， heptanal， 3-methylbutanal， 2-pentyl furan， 1-octen-3-ol， 3-methyl-1-butanol， cis-2-heptanal were the important aroma compounds with relative odor activity values (ROAV)>1 in the culture of HXM. Although they were different from the important aroma compounds in the culture of XM， they were common aroma components in fermented wine. Therefore， it is feasible to cultivate Clavispora lusitaniae J5 with red millet for enhancing the aroma of the red-millet Huangjiu.

Objective: To study the expression levels of differentially expressed genes in Candida parapsilosis under high glucose stress and to investigate its stress response mechanism. Methods: The yeast presented in the contaminated condensed milk during storage were isolated and characterized by plate screening and 18s DNA sequencing， and the total RNA of the strains was extracted to construct cDNA libraries. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed by transcriptome analysis and verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results: The yeast was identified as Candida parapsilosis， its optimal temperature and pH value were 35 ℃ and 8， respectively. It could still grow slowly when the glucose concentration reached 50%. The main product in the fermentation broth was sorbitol， with a yield of up to 41.06 g/L. A total of 2 066 significant differential genes were detected in the transcriptomic analysis， of which 993 were significantly up-regulated and 1 073 were significantly down-regulated. The genes related to heat stress proteins (Hsp70， Hsp90)， amino acid transport， glycogen transport， glycolysis and ethanol dehydrogenase were significantly down-regulated， while the genes related to amino acid permease， glycogen synthesis， and synthesis of certain amino acids (e.g.， glutamate， proline， arginine， cysteine， etc.) with osmotic stress-protecting effects were significantly up-regulated. Conclusion: Candida parapsilosis could improve performance under hyperosmotic stress by synthesizing certain sugars or amino acids (e.g.， proline， glycine， and glutamate).

This study aimed to enhance the quality of pineapple pomace wine and achieve high-value utilization of agricultural byproducts. Through plate separation combined with morphological identification for strain isolation and purification， a stepwise screening strategy integrating sensory evaluation with electronic nose analysis for preliminary screening and tolerance assays for secondary screening was implemented. A superior strain (No.50) with both exceptional environmental tolerance and aroma-producing properties was successfully isolated. This strain exhibited robust growth under extreme conditions (glucose 350 g/L， SO₂ 300 mg/L， pH 2.0， ethanol 9%). Molecular identification via ITS sequencing confirmed it as Saccharomyces cerevisiae， designated as Saccharomyces cerevisiae FOSU-QQT. Comparative fermentation experiments demonstrated that pineapple pomace wine inoculated with FOSU-QQT showed a 27.07% increase in total ester content compared to natural fermentation， with significant enrichment in characteristic aroma compounds including ethyl octanoate， ethyl decanoate， ethyl hexanoate， isoamyl acetate， and ethyl laurate (P＜0.05). The study verifies that this strain effectively enhances the aromatic profile of fruit wines， providing a theoretical foundation for developing novel aroma-enhancing fermentation agents. These findings offer practical implications for the resource utilization of agricultural processing byproducts.