In recent years， probiotic products have been widely applied in the food， medical， and healthcare industries. However， maintaining strain viability during industrial production， transportation， and storage remains a challenge. Currently， enterprises and research institutions primarily employ dehydration to maintain probiotic activity. Among these methods， vacuum freeze-drying has become the mainstream choice as it can maintain strain viability to the greatest extent with low energy consumption and a simple process. Nevertheless， vacuum freeze-drying still causes damage to the cell membranes， enzymes， and DNA of probiotics， reducing their activity during application. This paper summarizes the latest research progress in methods to resist freeze-drying damage in probiotics， namely by regulating media components and cultivation conditions， stress pre-treatment， optimizing centrifugation conditions， adding cryoprotectants， and optimizing freeze-drying processes to enhance the freeze-drying resistance of strains and reduce freeze-drying damage. This work aims to provide a theoretical reference for the preparation of high-viability probiotic products.

probiotics  /  freeze-drying  /  damage  /  methods  /  activity