As a new type of protein resource that does not rely on traditional livestock or fishery production， NeoProtein is a core strategic direction for practicing the ｀Big Food Concept' and safeguarding national food supply security. It holds great significance for promoting the upgrading of the food industry and realizing global sustainable development. Although the NeoProtein industry is currently showing a trend of rapid development， it still faces many bottlenecks in aspects such as technology industrialization and product quality optimization. Based on the current development status of the industry and the 2025 technology trends， this paper sorts out and identifies the top 10 technical challenges in the field of NeoProtein， and systematically expounds the background， challenges and solutions for each challenge. It is expected to provide references for scientific research， industrial innovation and policy formulation in related fields， and contribute to the high-quality development of the NeoProtein industry.

NeoProtein  /  technical challenges  /  biomanufacturing  /  big food concept