Affected by the overall economic environment,there has been an oversupply of milk sources in the past year,resulting in a continuous decline in milk prices and industry adjustments. From the perspective of industry fundamentals in the first quarter,dairy production continued to decrease year-on-year. But with the continuous adjustment of dairy cattle inventory and the gradual stabilization of milk prices, the industry has entered a bottoming out stage. At the market level,it has also become active,with new hot categories constantly emerging, indicating that the dairy market will gradually emerge from the trough.This paper analyzed the dairy market in the first quarter from a third-party perspective, in order to provide reference value for dairy companies to understand the current situation of the industry. The main content of this paper included: industry fundamentals in the first quarter and interpretation of 2024 annual reports of listed dairy companies. First quarter industry/enterprise dynamic analysis,first quarter key new product analysis.

Against the backdrop of the deepening global sustainability concept and the accelerating low-carbon transition,ESG standards have become a crucial framework for evaluating corporate comprehensive performance. As a leading enterprise in the dairy industry,Yili Group's ESG practices hold significant research value. Therefore,this study takes Yili Group as an example and constructs a comprehensive performance evaluation system based on the ESG perspective,encompassing four dimensions：financial,environmental,social,and governance. The entropy method is employed to calculate weights and analyze scores for relevant data from 2019 to 2023.The results reveal that financial indicators dominate the performance evaluation （with a weight of 41.16%）,while the environmental,social,and governance dimensions,though with room for improvement,are increasingly contributing to overall performance. In 2021,Yili Group's comprehensive score saw a notable increase,primarily driven by the dual boost from financial and social dimensions. Additionally,Yili's practices in environmental management,social responsibility fulfillment,and corporate governance serve as industry benchmarks,though issues such as employee safety incidents require further attention.This study provides theoretical references and practical insights for peer companies to optimize ESG management and achieve sustainable development.

This study took Yili Group,Mengniu Dairy,and Guangming Dairy as the objects,and compared and analyzed their financial indicators from four dimensions： profitability,debt paying ability,operational ability,and development ability,aiming to reveal Yili Group's competitive position in the dairy industry. The research results showed that Yili Group outperforms Mengniu Dairy and Guangming Dairy in terms of profitability,with higher indicators such as gross profit margin,net profit margin,and return on equity. In terms of operational capability,its inventory turnover rate,accounts receivable turnover rate,and other indicators perform excellently,with high efficiency in inventory management and fund recovery,outperforming its competitors. However,Yili Corporation has a relatively high debt to asset ratio,reflecting significant debt repayment pressure. Nevertheless,Yili Corporation's advantages in profitability and operational efficiency have placed it in an important position in the dairy industry. This study provided reference and suggestions for investors to evaluate the investment value of Yili Corporation and for enterprise managers to optimize financial strategies,enhance competitiveness,and maintain market leadership.

As a major dairy province in China, it is of great significance for Hebei Province to promote high-quality development of the dairy industry through vocational training. As a leading enterprise in the province, Junlebao Dairy Group （referred to as Junlebao） has implemented multi-level talent training strategies such as the Eagle Plan, strengthened the construction of professional and technical teams, promoted the transformation of scientific research achievements, and provided talent support for the revitalization of the dairy industry. However, the current training work still faces practical difficulties such as an incomplete teacher selection mechanism, insufficient learning motivation for students, and limited training funds. In response to these issues, Junlebao has taken a series of optimization measures, including optimizing the training system, improving training quality, strengthening career planning, assisting employee development, improving incentive mechanisms, stimulating employee enthusiasm, and effectively improving training quality. This study provided a valuable development path for talent cultivation in the industry by analyzing the practical experience of Junlebao.

Taking Bright Dairy as an example, this paper analyzed the return on net assets,operating net profit margin,total asset turnover ratio,equity multiplier and other indexes of the enterprise in 2018-2023 by DuPont Analysis,and compared them with the enterprises in the same industry,such as Mengniu Dairy and Yili shares. The analysis found that Bright Dairy's return on net assets increased,operating net profit margin improved,and anti-risk ability improved,but there were also problems such as poor cost and expense control,weak turnover of accounts receivable and inventory,and unreasonable capital structure,etc. It is recommended to strengthen cost control,accelerate the turnover of accounts receivable and inventory,and reasonably utilize financial leverage, and other strategies.

This paper took Bright Dairy as the research object and employs the SWOT analysis method to conduct a systematic study of its financial management system. Firstl,it comprehensively examined Bright Dairy's financial management framework,including corporate overview,resource allocation mechanisms,and risk control strategies. Secondly,through the SWOT analytical framework,it thoroughly analyzed the internal and external environments of Bright Dairy's financial management,identifying its Strengths,Weaknesses,Opportunities,and Threats. Based on the findings,this study proposed a four-dimensional optimization path： leveraging strengths to expand market share,addressing weaknesses to enhance core competitiveness,seizing opportunities to promote sustainable development,and mitigating threats to reduce operational risks. This research not only provided theoretical foundations and practical guidance for optimizing Bright Dairy's financial management but also offered reference solutions for dairy industry enterprises to navigate complex market environments and achieve stable growth.

Retention of fetal membranes （Retained Fetal Membranes,RFM）in dairy cow can lead to adverse health effects that ultimately affect ranch revenue. While the mechanisms behind of factors that caused RFM are not completely understood,the knowledge of the placental anatomy and physiology of placenta expulsion is helpful to manage this disease. This review discussed the physiology of placenta,the metabolism characteristics of transition period and the postpartum immunosuppression to better understand the process of detachment and etiology,pathogenesis and prevention. To uncover the cost of RFM,the study also analyzed various parameters resulting in economic losses in dairy herds.

[Objective] To explore the key factors affecting the fertility of dairy cows, to ensure the effective transmission of good traits and to improve the overall reproductive efficiency. [Method] Reproduction data from a large-scale dairy farm were collected and analysed to systematically assess the effects of month of breeding, cumulative litter size and quality of uterine repair on conception rate. [Result] The conception rate of cows in January, September, October and December was significantly higher than that of other months, while July and August showed lower conception rates, with significant differences （P<0.05） between these months. Further analyses showed that first time cows （1 lactation） had higher conception rate compared to multiple lactation cows, which was significantly different （P<0.05）. In addition, the state of uterine repair after parturition had a significant effect on conception rate, with cows with a well repaired uterus free of sepsis showing a higher conception rate. [Conclusion] In the process of cow breeding, reasonable selection of breeding month, priority selection of cows with appropriate litter size, and attention to post-partum uterine repair management are crucial to promote the selection and inheritance of excellent traits and improve the overall reproductive efficiency of dairy cattle populations.

[Objective] To explore the effects of Chinese herbal compound preparations on the production performance,milk quality and serum indicators of dairy cows. [Method] The 50 Chinese Holstein cows from a dairy farm in Liangshan,Sichuan Province were selected as experimental animals and divided into two groups. Each group was set up with 5 replicates,and each containing 5 cows.Cows fed with a regular basic diet were used as the control group,while cows fed with an additional 0.1% concentration of Chinese herbal compound preparation were added to the basic diet as the experimental group.The entire research experiment period is 60 days. [Result] The average daily milk production and milk protein rate of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group（P<0.05）,while the feed to milk ratio and the number of milk somatic cells were significantly lower than those of the control group（P<0.05）.The serum indicators such as AST,ALT,and NEFA in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）.The contents of GLU,BUN,ALB,TP,etc.in serum were not significantly different between the two groups（P>0.05）. [Conclusion] Adding Chinese herbal compound preparations to dairy cow diets can significantly improve their production performance,improve milk quality,and promote the healthy growth.It is worth promoting and applying in the future.

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the dynamic changes in serum metabolites of dairy cows within 7 days postpartum,revealing their metabolic adaptation mechanisms and potential health risks,thereby providing a scientific basis for optimizing postpartum management. [Method] Serum samples were collected from 5 dairy cows at 1,4,and 7 days postpartum. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance（NMR） metabolomics technology combined with multivariate statistical analysis（PCA,OSC-PLS） was used to screen key differential metabolites,and their biological significance was integrated through metabolic pathways. [Result] The results showed that postpartum fat mobilization was enhanced,with significant increases in 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetone,indicating a risk of ketosis, glucose continued to decline,associated with increased demand for lactose synthesis, acetate and lactate increased,reflecting rumen fiber fermentation recovery and potential subacute acidosis risk,respectively, glycine and citrate initially increased and then decreased,participating in oxidative stress regulation and energy homeostasis transition,respectively. Further analysis revealed that postpartum metabolism in dairy cows exhibited a phased characteristic of fat mobilization-rumen recovery-milk component synthesis. [Conclusion] Based on these findings,it is recommended to implement strategies such as dietary optimization（increasing readily fermentable carbohydrates (35~40%) and balancing fiber）,ketosis monitoring（blood ketone testing）,and functional additives（e.g.,rumen-protected choline） to alleviate negative energy balance and ensure lactation performance. This study provided a metabolomics basis for precise nutritional interventions in postpartum dairy cows.

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the effects of parity,season,and lactation stage on milk yield,milk protein percentage,milk fat percentage,urea nitrogen,and somatic cell count by examining the Dairy Herd Improvement（DHI）data of dairy cows in Fugu County in 2023. [Methods] A total of 13,289 DHI records of Holstein lactating cows from five large-scale dairy farms were selected. The data were grouped and analyzed using SPSS 23.0 software to assess the impact of parity,season,and lactation stage on milk yield and milk composition. [Results] Parity,season,and lactation stage significantly affected milk yield and milk composition（P< 0.05）. Milk yield and milk fat percentage in winter were significantly higher than in other seasons（P< 0.05）,while milk protein percentage in autumn was significantly higher than in other seasons（P< 0.05）. Urea nitrogen levels in summer were significantly higher than in other seasons （P< 0.05）,and somatic cell counts in summer and autumn were significantly higher than in other seasons （P< 0.05）. Milk yield in the 1-45 d lactation stage was significantly higher than in other stages （P< 0.05）. Milk protein percentage and milk fat percentage increased with lactation stage,peaking significantly after 305 d （P< 0.05）. Urea nitrogen and somatic cell counts were significantly higher after 305 d compared to other stages （P< 0.05）. As parity increased,milk yield first rose and then declined,peaking significantly in the second parity （P< 0.05）. Milk protein percentage initially increased and then decreased,with the second parity being significantly higher than others （P< 0.05）. Milk fat percentage first decreased and then increased,with the first parity being significantly higher than others （P< 0.05）. Urea nitrogen levels were higher in early and late parities but lower in the middle,while somatic cell counts showed an upward trend with increasing parity. [Conclusion] Parity,season,and lactation stage significantly influence the production performance of Holstein lactating cows in Fugu County. Adjustments in dietary nutrition and management practices based on these factors,along with the application of DHI data for targeted measures,can enhance dairy cow productivity and economic efficiency.

[Objective] To evaluate the therapeutic effect of a Chinese herbal powder on subclinical mastitis in dairy cows and explore the feasibility of its use as an alternative to antibiotics. [Methods] A randomized controlled trial was conducted,dividing 90 dairy cows with subclinical mastitis into a treatment group （Chinese herbal powder containing Astragalus membranaceus,Taraxacum officinale,etc.）,an antibiotic group（ceftiofur sodium）,and a control group （untreated）,with 30 cows in each group. After 30 days of treatment,the therapeutic effects were analyzed through indicators such as somatic cell count （SCC） in milk,milk production,milk composition （fat,protein,lactose）,and clinical symptoms （breast swelling,temperature,and area of hard lumps） using ANOVA,t-test,and χ² test. [Results] After 30 days of treatment,the SCC in milk of the treatment group decreased by 73.8% （from 489×10³ to 128×10³ 个/mL）,which was not significantly different from the antibiotic group （75.8%,P=0.062）,but significantly better than the control group （17.4%,P<0.001）. Milk production increased by 15.8% （from 24.6 to 28.5 kg/day）,significantly higher than the antibiotic group （7.2%）,and the effect lasted longer （10.1% higher 30 days after drug withdrawal,P<0.01）. The recovery rate of milk fat content （+14.2%） and milk protein content （+14.6%） was 3 to 5 days faster than that of the antibiotic group. Clinical symptoms improved significantly：the rate of breast swelling regression was 73.3% in the treatment group compared to 46.7% in the antibiotic group （P=0.015）,the recovery time of temperature was shortened by 45.2% （3.2 days vs 5.8 days,P<0.001）,and the area of hard lumps in the udder was reduced by 82.7% （vs 57.1% in the antibiotic group,P=0.018）. [Conclusion] The therapeutic effect of the Chinese herbal powder on subclinical mastitis is comparable to that of antibiotics,and it has advantages in the sustainability of milk production recovery,the speed of milk composition improvement,and treatment cost （reduced by 57%）,providing an effective solution for reducing antibiotic use in the livestock industry.

After years of development,the stock of dairy cows and milk production in Linshu county have been continuously improved, and a perfect integrated industrial chain of forage planting, dairy processing and sales has been formed, which has become an important supporting industry for the sustainable development of regional animal husbandry.However,in the process of rapid development,the incidence of animal diseases has increased year by year due to inadequate disease prevention and control measures and problems in the management of some dairy farms. Therefore, how to do well in animal disease prevention and control has become the main problem faced by animal husbandry and veterinary medicine. Based on the current situation of the development of dairy farming and the existing problems of disease prevention and control in Linshu County, this study puts forward the animal disease prevention strategies that meet the requirements, and provides theoretical guidance for the sustainable development of dairy farming and the whole animal husbandry industry in Linshu county.

[Objective] To improve the overall effect of prevention and control of common diseases of dairy cows in large-scale farms. [Method] 3 856 China Holstein from 22 large-scale farms in Linyi City were randomly selected to investigate and analyze the types,distribution characteristics and causes of common diseases in 2023. [Result] A total of 1 438 sick cows were found,with an incidence rate of 37.3%.There are 32 kinds of common diseases,among which the incidence of obstetric diseases is the highest（13.2%）.Among all common diseases,the incidence of clinical mastitis is the highest（9.2%）.The incidence of adult cows is the highest（28.9%）among the three stages of cows：calves,young cows and adult cows. [Conclusion] It is necessary to improve the health level and milk production performance of dairy cows in large-scale farms by analyzing the causes of the disease and formulating comprehensive prevention and control measures suitable for this field to improve the diagnosis and treatment effect.

[Objective] Enzyme-linked immunoassay（ELISA）was used to evaluate the effects of three different extractants of primary water,anhydrous methanol and dichloromethane on the determination of aflatoxin M₁ in cheese powder. [Method] The average recovery rate was compared by comparing the relative standard deviation of extraction effects of primary water,anhydrous methanol and dichloromethane. [Result] When extracted with primary water,the relative standard deviation was 2.56% and the average recovery was 35.30%~51.12%. When extracted with anhydrous methanol,the relative standard deviation was 4.20%,and the average recovery was 81.32%~90.18%. When extracted with dichloromethane,the tissue status of the sample was abnormal,and the residue after nitrogen evaporation was oily,which could not be further determinated. [Conclusion] When extracted with anhydrous methanol. ELISA method had higher extraction accuracy and is more suitable for food determination.

Micro nano plastics（MNPs）exist widely in the environment,and their potential ecotoxicity and health risks have become a global research focus. MNPs have good lipophilicity,but the contamination risk of MNPs in sterilized milk has not been concerned. This study analyzed the source of MNPs contamination in raw milk end and factory end sterilized milk,and discussed the extraction,detection and removal methods of MNPs,especially the application of membrane separation technology in dairy industry. The estimated daily intake（EDI） of MNPs and Modified Cancer Risk（MPCR） of human exposure to MNPs in drinking sterilized milk were calculated to discuss the risks of MNPs in drinking sterilized milk. On this basis,it is suggested that future research should re-evaluate the toxic effects of MNPs combined pollutants and their transfer efficiency in animals and plants,and establish standardized determination methods to better assess the risk of MNPs enrichment to humans through the food chain and harm human health.

[Objective] By selecting the appropriate analytical chromatographic column,the pretreatment process of the sample was simplified,and the suitable ion pairs were selected for monitoring,the sensitivity and accuracy of the method were improved. [Method] The parallelism （precision）of the samples,the recovery rate of spiked samples（accuracy）,and the detection limit of the method were determined to verify the detection method. [Result] The recovery rates of methyl chlorpyrifos added to milk were 105.3%,106.9% and 108.2%,and the coefficients of variation at the three addition levels were 1.61%,3.06% and 2.52%. The recovery rate of methyl parathion added to milk powder were 100.3%,89.8% and 88.5%,and the coefficients of variation at the three addition levels were 2.14%,1.97% and 1.82%. [Conclusion] The precision and accuracy of this method met the requirements and it could be used for the determination and quality control of daily methyl chlorpyrifos residues in milk and milk powder.

[Objective] A tartary buckwheat yogurt was developed with milk,white granulated sugar,tartary buckwheat rice and strain as the main raw materials. [Method] The effects of tartary buckwheat rice soaking time,added amount of tartary buckwheat rice,added amount of white granulated sugar,added amount of strain and fermentation time on sensory quality of tartary buckwheat yogurt were studied by single factor tests. [Result] With 100 g of milk,20 min of tartary buckwheat rice soaking time and 15 min of cooking time,3 g of tartary buckwheat rice additive amount,9.0 g of white granulated sugar additive amount,10 UC/T of strain additive amount,10 h of fermentation time,the yogurt is uniform and consistent,milky-white color,moderately sweet and sour,delicate taste slightly sweet or slightly sour,buckwheat flavor is obvious and more obvious sense of grain,the sensory evaluation of tartary buckwheat yogurt was 90 points. [Conclusion] Tartary buckwheat yogurt uniform texture,milky white,moderate sour and sweet,delicate taste,slightly sweet or slightly sour,tartary buckwheat taste and wheat sense is more obvious,in line with the public's demand for unique flavor,to provide consumers with more choice,and its market development potential is great.

[Objective] With fresh lotus root,mixed recovery milk and white sugar as raw materials,the coagulated yogurt with unique flavor was prepared by composite fermentation. [Method] The production process of lotus root yogurt was optimized based on response surface method with the addition amount of lotus root juice,white sugar,fermentation time and starter inoculated amount as single-factor variables. The preparation technology of lotus root yogurt was optimized based on the sensory score and acidity. [Result] The optimal parameters were determined by sensory score and acidity determination:：lotus root juice added 11.99%,whole milk powder added 12.50%,white sugar added 6.28%,starter inoculated 0.12%,and fermented at 42 ℃ for 6.24 h.The sensory score of lotus root yogurt was 89.80 points,and the acidity was（98.61±0.95）°T. [Conclusion] Lotus root yogurt has uniform color,less whey precipitation,soft taste,sweet and sour taste,with unique fragrance of lotus root and yogurt.

[Objective] Combining the special milk source yak milk from Qinghai with the special medicinal and dietary homology plant Brassica rapa L. in Tibetan area,the development of the beverage of Brassica rapa L. yak milk with the potential of anti-altitude sickness. The effects of adding amount of yak milk powder,sugar, Brassica rapa L. and γ-aminobutyric acid on the flavor of Brassica rapa L. yak milk beverage were studied by single factor test with the main materials of yak milk powder and Brassica rapa L. as evaluation indexes. The effects of pectin and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose（CMC-Na） on the stability of Brassica rapa L. yak milk beverage were studied by single factor test with viscosity and centrifugal precipitation rate as evaluation indexes.The physicochemical and microbiological indexes of the final product were determined. [Result] The extract of Brassica rapa L. has strong anti-oxidant properties and can improve the anti-oxidant activity of Brassica rapa L yak milk beverage. The formula（Yak milk powder 10%,sugar 6%,Brassica rapa L. extract 20%,γ-aminobutyric acid 30 mg,CMC-Na 2%） prepared the Brassica rapa L. yak milk beverage with moderate sweet and sour,rich nutrition,in line with the standards of milk beverage. [Conclusion] The Brassica rapa L yak milk beverage has a good industrial application prospect and can provide reference for the research and development of alleviating altitude sickness beverage and the design of yak milk beverage．

In this study,various influencing factors causing caking during the use of milk powder were sorted out,the key links of raw material selection,spray drying process,packaging technology and storage conditions were analyzed. The study focused on sanitary design,process parameter setting and optimal ratio of product ingredients,summarized the key factors affecting caking,and explored corresponding countermeasures to form a breakthrough solution. This study was of great significance for improving the caking of milk powder and improving the quality of dairy product