Endometritis is a common reproductive system disease in postpartum dairy cows, with its incidence significantly increasing during high-temperature and high-humidity summer conditions, severely affecting reproductive performance and farm economic efficiency. This paper reviewed the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenic factors, diagnostic methods, and comprehensive prevention and control measures of summer endometritis. Heat stress is the primary predisposing factor, as it suppresses immune function, delays uterine involution, and promotes pathogen proliferation, thereby significantly increasing infection risks. Major pathogenic bacteria include Escherichia coli,Trueperella pyogenes,Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. For diagnosis, combining clinical examination, laboratory testing, and ultrasonography improves accuracy. Prevention and control measures encompass environmental management （cooling, ventilation, maintaining dryness）, nutritional regulation （increasing dietary energy density, supplementing antioxidants）, postpartum care （retained placenta management, intrauterine infusion）, and scientific medication （antibiotics, hormonal therapy）. Implementing an integrated prevention strategy can effectively reduce endometritis incidence, enhance cow health, and improve farm profitability. This study aimed to provide scientific and practical management recommendations for dairy farmers to promote sustainable development in the dairy industry.

dairy cow  /  summer endometritis  /  disease incidence  /  prevention and control measures