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Against the dual backdrop of global warming and China's strategy for revitalizing the dairy industry, ruminant production systems that balance high productivity, high efficiency and low carbon footprint have emerged as a core research topic for the sustainable development of the sector. Centered on the synergistic advancement of intelligent nutritional regulation and green emission reduction, this paper elaborates on the synergistic mechanisms linking ruminant nutrition, animal health and pollutant mitigation from three dimensions: nutritional metabolism, microecological interaction and stress regulation. It systematically reviews the current applications of smart technologies—including Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, big data and machine learning, and intelligent feeding equipment—in precision nutritional management, and analyzes the merits and inherent limitations of closed-loop management enabled by these technologies. This work further highlights technological innovations under the low-carbon breeding framework, such as the exploitation of novel feed resources, application of eco-friendly additives and formulation of low-emission diets, alongside their practical industrial performance. Four pivotal challenges prevailing in this field are identified: fragmented research on the synergistic nutrition-health-emission reduction mechanisms; poor scalability of smart breeding technologies; unsatisfactory economic viability and long-term stability of emission abatement techniques; and the absence of unified integrated evaluation criteria for the industry. To address the above bottlenecks, future research priorities and industrialization pathways are prospected, covering in-depth deployment of multi-omics technologies, development of low-cost intelligent facilities, establishment of differentiated technical frameworks for farms of varying scales, and construction of comprehensive emission assessment systems. This study intends to provide scientific evidence and theoretical support for the intelligent, healthy and green transformation of China's ruminant livestock industry.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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