Based on the current development of intensive dairy farming in Daxing District, Beijing, and in response to the requirements of low-carbon agricultural development, this study aimed to accurately characterize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from intensive dairy farms, explore low-carbon development pathways for dairy farming, and optimize manure management methods, thereby providing practical support for emission reduction and carbon sequestration in the dairy industry.

Following the Monitoring Technical Specification for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Livestock Enterprises (Organizations) (T/LCAA 004—2020) issued by the Beijing Low-Carbon Agriculture Association, this study collected baseline data from two demonstration dairy farms in Daxing District using a combination of questionnaire surveys, telephone interviews, and on-site discussions. Taking Beijing Sunlon Agriculture Chuanghui Dairy Farm as a typical case, a standardized accounting method was applied to accurately calculate and analyze GHG emissions across various stages of dairy production.

In 2021, the total GHG emissions from Chuanghui Dairy Farm were 11 750.13 t CO₂e, with emission intensity per ton of raw milk at 1.464 t CO₂e/t. Methane emissions from manure management (5 775.54 t CO₂e, accounting for 49.15%) and enteric fermentation (4 333.70 t CO₂e, accounting for 36.88%) were the primary emission sources. Together, these two methane emission sources accounted for 86.03% of total emissions, while emissions related to energy consumption were relatively low.

GHG emissions from intensive dairy farms are mainly concentrated in manure management and enteric fermentation. Optimizing manure treatment methods, improving feed composition, and promoting clean energy alternatives are key strategies for achieving low-carbon development in the dairy industry and meeting emission reduction and carbon sequestration goals.