Greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock industry have become a critical issue in addressing climate change,with dairy cattle being major contributors due to their substantial methane and nitrous oxide emissions.This paper systematically synthesizes the microbial mechanisms underlying greenhouse gas emissions in dairy cattle and focuses on recent advances in microbial intervention technologies,including feed additives,microbiota transplantation,genetic engineering,and manure treatment.It also evaluates the current challenges in practical application,such as ecological stability and the lack of standardized regulatory frameworks.Furthermore,this paper explores future directions including multi-omics-guided precision regulation,integrated “microbe-animal-feed-environment” system models,incorporation into carbon trading mechanisms,and interdisciplinary collaboration.The objective is to provide theoretical and policy insights for promoting the effective application of microbial intervention technologies (consistent with the title) in low-carbon dairy cattle production systems, thereby supporting the sustainable transformation of the dairy industry.

dairy cattle  /  greenhouse gas mitigation  /  microbial intervention  /  application prospect