To observe the efficacy of polyethylene glycol recombinant human growth hormone (PEG-rhGH) injection combined with vitamin D drops and lysine hydrochloride and calcium hydrogen phosphate granules in the treatment of children with idiopathic short stature (ISS).

Based on treatment regimen, children with ISS were categorized into treatment and control groups. Both groups received basic treatment of vitamin D drops (400-800 U daily) and lysine hydrochloride and calcium hydrogen phosphate granules (5 g, twice daily). The control group was given human somatropin injection at a dose of 0.10-0.20 IU·kg^-1·d^-1 by subcutaneous injection, while the treatment group was given PEG-rhGH injection at a dose of 0.20-0.40 mg·kg^-1·w^-1 by subcutaneous injection. Both groups received continuous medication for 12 months. The clinical efficacy, evaluation indicators of GH-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis function, bone metabolism indicators and safety were compared between the two groups.

The study enrolled 79 cases, comprising 41 cases in the treatment group and 38 cases in the control group. After treatment, the effective rates of the treatment group and the control group were 95.12% (39 cases/41 cases) and 92.11% (35 cases/38 cases), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). After treatment, the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1/insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGF-1/IGFBP-3) in the treatment group and the control group were 0.08±0.02 and 0.07±0.02, respectively; the levels of liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP-2) were (1 395.69±187.26) pg·mL^-1 and (1 487.58±195.48) pg·mL^-1, respectively; the levels of osteocalcin (BGP) were (22.18±3.67) and (20.43±3.48) μg·L^-1, respectively; procollagen I N-terminal peptide (PINP) were (602.68±63.41) and (574.08±61.83) μg·L^-1, respectively; bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) was (192.68±23.64) and (203.41±22.18) U·L^-1, respectively; vitamin D (Vit-D) were (20.39±3.47) and (18.65±3.62) ng·mL^-1, respectively. Both indicators showed statistically significant differences between the two groups (all P<0.05). The incidences of adverse drug reactions of treatment group and the control group were 7.32% (3 cases/41 cases) and 10.53% (4 cases/38 case), with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).

PEG-rhGH injection at a dose of 0.20-0.40 mg·kg^-1·w^-1 combined with vitamin D drops and lysine hydrochlodride and calcium hydrogen phosphate granules in the treatment of children with ISS can ensure efficacy and safety, while potentially achieving better long-term growth improvement effects. It can also improve the function of the GH-IGF axis and bone metabolism levels.

To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets in the treatment of ovulatory dysfunction-related abnormal uterine bleeding.

Patients with ovulatory dysfunction-related abnormal uterine bleeding were allocated into control group and treatment group based on their treatment regimen. The control group received dydrogesterone tablets (10 mg, twice daily) for 10 days starting from the 14th day of the menstrual cycle. The treatment group received medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets (2 mg, three times daily) for 10 days, also starting from the 14th day of the menstrual cycle. Both groups were treated for three menstrual cycles. The clinical efficacy, recovery indicators, angiogenesis and inflammatory response markers, and safety were compared between the two groups.

A total of 135 cases were included in the analysis, with 64 in the control group and 71 in the treatment group. The overall response rate of treatment group and control group were 88.73% (63 cases/71 cases) and 82.81% (53 cases/64 cases), respectively (P>0.05). After treatment, endometrial thickness of treatment group and control group were (6.78±1.23) and. (7.36±1.48) mm, respectively; menstrual blood loss were (60.83±9.78) and (64.61±9.25) mL, respectively; hemostasis time were (3.55±1.85) and (3.95±1.82) d, respectively; follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were (6.07±0.96) and (6.51±1.05) U·L^-1, respectively; prolactin (PRL) levels were (8.92±1.37) and (9.65±1.49) μg·L^-1, respectively; progesterone (P) levels were (0.87±0.13) and (0.94±0.16) pg·mL^-1, respectively; matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) levels were (22.16±3.58) and (23.93±3.71) pg·mL^-1, respectively; activator protein-1 (AP-1) levels were (36.82±4.76) and (39.57±5.37) pg·mL^-1, respectively; prostaglandin I2 (PGI₂) levels were (21.39±3.84) and (23.18±4.06) pg·mL^-1, respectively; angiotensin-Ⅱ (Ang-Ⅱ) levels were (164.47±22.58) and (175.81±35.94) pg·mL^-1, respectively; basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels were (21.15±3.42) and (19.63±3.08) pg·mL^-1, respectively. Except for hemostasis time, all the above indicators showed statistically significant differences between the two groups (all P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group and control group was 8.45% (6 cases/71 cases) and 12.50% (8 cases/64 cases), respectively, with no statistical significance (P>0.05).

Compared with dydrogesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets demonstrates comparable efficacy and safety in treating ovulatory dysfunction-related abnormal uterine bleeding. However, medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets shows superior effects in improving endometrial thickness, reducing menstrual blood loss, regulating sex hormone levels, modulating angiogenesis-related markers.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of palbociclib capsules combined with trastuzumab injection in the treatment of hormone receptor positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER-2+) breast cancer patients who had progressed after prior trastuzumab therapy.

Patients with HR+/HER-2+ breast cancer were divided into control group and treatment group. The control group was treated with intravenous infusion of trastuzumab injection [the initial dose was 8 mg·kg^-1, administered slowly intravenously on the first day of treatment (infusion time ≥90 min); thereafter, the maintenance dose was 6 mg·kg^-1, with 28 days as one treatment cycle, and intravenous infusion was administered on the first day of each cycle (infusion time ≥30 min)]. The treatment group was treated with trastuzumab injection combined with palbociclib capsules, the administration of trastuzumab was the same as that of the control group, and palbociclib capsules was administered orally. The initial dose was determined based on the patient’s condition, ranging from 125 mg to 100 mg (if the adverse reactions were severe, the dose would be reduced), and the treatment was continued for 21 days, followed by a 7-day withdrawal, with a total of 28 days as one treatment cycle. Both groups were treated for three courses and followed up. The clinical efficacy, tumor markers, serological indicators, immune function, expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway-related proteins, quality of life, safety evaluation and prognosis of the two groups of patients were compared.

A total of 78 patients were enrolled, with 41 cases in the control group and 37 cases in the treatment group. After treatment, the total effective rate of the treatment group and the control group were 40.54% (15 cases/37 cases) and 17.07% (7 cases/41 cases), (P<0.05). The median progression free survival (PFS) of the treatment group and the control group were 24.5 and 14.3 months, respectively; the cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) levels were (36.72±5.64) and (40.92±6.73) IU·mL^-1, respectively; the levles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were (86.22±12.32) and (95.26±12.15) pg·mL^-1, respectively; the cluster of differentiation 3 positive (CD3⁺) percentages were (50.16±7.12)% and (46.30±7.16)%, respectively; the relative expression levels of p-AKT protein were 0.58±0.12 and 0.64±0.11, respectively; the short form 36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36) scores werr (72.29±9.49) and (67.18±8.93,) points, respectively. The differences of above indexes were all statistically significant (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). The overall incidence of drug adverse reactions (including thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, neutropenia, nausea and vomiting, and abnormal liver function) was 72.97% (27 cases/37 cases) in the treatment group and 70.73% (29 cases/41 cases) in the control group, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).

Palbociclib capsules combined with trastuzumab injection has a definite therapeutic effect in HR+/HER-2+ breast cancer patients. It can more effectively reduce tumor marker levels, significantly prolong PFS, improve quality of life, and does not increase overall adverse reactions.

To investigate the clinical efficacy of vedolizumab injection combined with mesalazine enteric-coated tablets in the treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis(UC).

Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) were randomly divided into control group and treatment group using a random number table. The control group received mesalazine enteric-coated tablets: 1 g four times daily during the induction phase (weeks 0-14), and 1 g two to three times daily during the maintenance phase (from week 14 until the end of the study). The treatment group received vedolizumab injection in addition to the same mesalazine regimen as the control group. Vedolizumab was administered via intravenous infusion at a dose of 300 mg at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 14 of treatment. Clinical efficacy, levels of inflammatory factors [C-reactive protein(CRP)], fecal calprotectin], immune microenvironment indicators[T helper 17 (Th17) cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells], intestinal barrier function markers (D-lactate, endotoxin), and serum albumin were compared between the two groups at 6 months of treatment. Safety evaluations were also performed.

A total of 108 patients were screened, with 54 enrolled in each group. In the control group, 5 dropped out, leaving 49 for statistical analysis; in the treatment group, 3 dropped out, leaving 51 for statistical analysis. After 6 months of treatment, the total effective rates in the treatment and control groups were 94.12% (48/51) and 77.55% (38/49) respectively, with the treatment group significantly higher (P<0.05). The CRP levels in the treatment and control groups were (6.75±1.86) and (11.71±2.12) mg·L^-1, respectively; fecal calprotectin levels were (36.93±4.54) and (60.15±7.04) μg·g^-1, respectively; albumin levels in the experimental and control groups were (44.29±5.31) and (37.41±4.62) g·L^-1, respectively; the proportions of Th17 were (2.07±0.26)% and (2.54±0.36)%, respectively; the proportions of Treg were (4.20±0.61)% and (3.58±0.49)%, respectively; the levels of D-lactate were (4.62±0.98) and (6.99±1.42)μg·L^-1, respectively; the levels of endotoxin were (2.97±0.39) and(4.03±0.94)U·mL^-1, respectively. The differences of above indexes were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the treatment group included nausea (2 cases), diarrhea (1 case), liver dysfunction (elevated alanine aminotransferase, 2 cases), and rash (2 cases), totaling 7 cases. ADRs in the control group included nausea (1 case), abdominal pain (1 case), kidney dysfunction (mildly elevated serum creatinine, 1 case), and rash (2 cases), totaling 5 cases. The total incidence of ADRs was 13.73% (7cases/51cases) in the treatment group and 10.20% (5cases/49cases) in the control group, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).

The combination of vedolizumab injection and mesalazine enteric-coated tablet improves clinical outcomes for ulcerative colitis patients without raising the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

To observe the clinical efficacy of short-term intensive insulin therapy combined with blood purification in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemic severe acute pancreatitis (HTG-SAP).

HTG-SAP patients were divided into control group and treatment group based on the treatment method. The control group received continuous blood purification (CBP) treatment for 24 to 48 hours, and the next treatment was performed after a 24-hour interval for a total of 2 treatments. The treatment group received continuous intravenous pumping of CBP combined with 0.1-0.3 U·kg^-1·h^-1 insulin injection. The course of treatment in both groups was 7 days. The clinical efficacy, clinical symptom relief time, prognostic indicators, clinical scores, blood lipid levels, inflammation and biochemical factor levels were compared between the two groups, and safety was evaluated.

A total of 78 patients were enrolled, with 41 cases in control group and 37 cases in treatment group. The total effective rates of treatment in the treatment group and the control group were 89.19% (33 cases/37 cases) and 70.73% (29 cases/41 cases), respectively, with statistical significance differences between the two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the disappearance times of abdominal distension in the treatment and control groups were (6.27±1.10) and (6.93±1.27) days, respectively; the disappearance times of abdominal pain were (4.97±0.80) and (5.46±1.10) days, respectively; the recovery times of bowel sounds were (3.14±0.63) and (3.56±0.71) days, respectively; the first defecation times were (4.08±0.86) and (4.66±1.33) days, respectively; the total hospitalization times were (17.78±3.29) and (19.54±4.15) days, respectively. the recovery times of organ failure were (6.32±1.62) and (7.24±2.13) days, respectively; the incidences of local complications were 8.11% (3 cases/37 cases) and 26.83% (11 cases/41 cases), respectively; the incidences of systemic complications were 10.81% (4 cases/37 cases) and 29.27% (12 cases/41 cases), respectively; the Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) scores were (1.51±0.51) and (1.83±0.38) points, respectively; the Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation scoring system (APACHE II) scores were (6.05±1.13) points and (6.88±1.44) points, respectively; triglyceride (TG) levels were (4.63±1.07) mmol·L^-1 and (5.41±1.26) mmol·L^-1, respectively; total cholesterol (TC) were (4.95±1.01) and (5.73±1.27) mmol·L^-1, respectively; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were (2.87±0.43) and (3.15±0.56) mmol·L^-1, respectively; serum amylase (AMY) levels were (138.46±25.49) and (159.85±33.43) U·L^-1, respectively; interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were (28.65±5.15) and (32.18±6.42) pg·mL^-1, respectively; C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were (29.88±4.81) and (33.12±6.01) mg·L^-1, respectively; the differences of above indexes were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). The incidence of drug adverse reactions of the treatment group and the control group were 5.41% (2 cases/37 cases) and 2.44% (1 case/41 cases), respectively and there was no statistical significance between the two groups (P>0.05).

Short-term intensive insulin therapy combined with blood purification can effectively improve the clinical efficacy of HTG-SAP patients, significantly improve clinical symptoms, organ function recovery, clinical scores, blood lipids, inflammation and biochemical indicators, and does not increase the risk of adverse reactions, which has clinical application value.

To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of azelastine hydrochloride eye drops combined with polyvinyl alcohol eye drops in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis in children aged 4-6 years.

Children with allergic conjunctivitis were divided into control group and treatment group based on the medication regimen. The control group received azelastine hydrochloride eye drops,1 drop each time, tid; while the treatment group received additional polyvinyl alcohol eye drops, 1 drop each time, tid. The treatment duration was 2 weeks. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical efficacy, comprehensive ocular symptom scores, tear film stability indicators, inflammatory factor levels, tear meniscus parameters and the incidence of adverse drug reactions were eveluated.

A total of 99 children were enrolled, including 48 cases in the control group and 51 cases in the treatment group. After treatment, the total effective rates in the treatment group and control group were 92.16% (47 cases/51 cases) and 89.58% (43 cases/48 cases), respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the scores for eye itching of the treatment group and the control group were (0.65±0.56) and (0.92±0.45) points, respectively; scores for foreign body sensation were (0.35±0.56) and (0.65±0.56) points, respectively; scores for tearing were (0.35±0.52) and (0.65±0.53) points, respectively; scores for photophobia were (0.37±0.49) and (0.63±0.57) points, respectively; the levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) were (85.58±9.36) and (90.69±10.58) μg·L^-1, respectively; the levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were (6.36±0.89) and (6.82±0.95) μg·L^-1, respectively; the levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were (7.57±1.59) and (8.43±1.48) pg·mL^-1, respectively; the tear film breakup time (TBUT) were (11.49±1.37) and (10.83±1.19) s, respectively; the corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score were (1.93±0.55) and (2.17±0.41) points, respectively; the lipid layer thickness (LLT) were (58.46±5.84) and (55.52±5.63) nm, respectively; the incomplete blink ratio (PBR) were (56.49±5.21) and (58.95±5.71)%, respectively; the meibomian gland dropout rate (MGDR) of the upper eyelids were (14.49±2.06)% and (15.36±1.88)%, respectively; MGDR of lower eyelids were (21.25±3.07)% and (22.87±2.79)%, respectively; the tear meniscus depth (TMD) were (219.64±24.56) and (208.65±23.57) μm, respectively; tear meniscus height (TMH) were (237.61±26.82) and (223.49±27.48)μm, respectively; tear meniscus area (TMA) were (58.49±8.33) and (55.07±8.11) μm², respectively. For all the above parameters, the differences between the two groups were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse drug reactions in the treatment group and control group was 5.88% (3 cases/51 cases) and 8.33% (4 cases/48 cases), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).

The combination of azelastine hydrochloride eye drops and polyvinyl alcohol eye drops demonstrates good efficacy in treating allergic conjunctivitis in children aged 4-6 years, significantly improving ocular symptoms and tear film stability, reducing inflammatory markers, and without increasing adverse drug reactions.

To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) calcium injection combined with cimetidine (CIM) injection in the treatment of children with recurrent Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP).

Children with recurrent HSP were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. Both groups received conventional comprehensive treatment. The control group was administered 10 mg·kg^-1 of CIM injection for intravenous infusion, bid. The treatment group received subcutaneous injection of 100 IU·kg^-1 LMWH calcium injection in addition to control group’s regimen, qd. Both groups underwent continuous treatment for 14 days. Clinical efficacy, renal injury indicators, coagulation function parameters, immunoglobulin levels, T lymphocyte counts and inflammatory response markers were compared between the two groups, along with safety evaluation.

This clinical trial enrolled a total of 92 pediatric patients, with 46 cases each group. After treatment, the overall response rates were 78.26% (36 case/46 case) in control group and 93.48% (43 case /46 case) in treatment group; the urinary microalbumin (mALB) levels were (26.43±2.37) and (25.31±1.82) mg·L^-1, respectively; urinary α1-microglobulin (α1-MG) levels were (10.23±1.22) and (9.58±1.25) mg·L^-1, respectively; N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) levels were (16.32±1.12) and (15.70±1.18) U·L^-1, respectively; cystatin C (CysC) levels were (0.77±0.19) and (0.69±0.13) mg·L^-1, respectively; plasma D-dimer (D-Dimer) levels were (167.49±25.27) and (157.35±22.80) ng·mL^-1, respectively; fibrinogen (FIB) levels were (3.19±0.87) and (2.81±0.48) g·L^-1, respectively; prothrombin time (PT) were (11.44±1.19) and (12.17±1.52) s, respectively; the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were (28.76±4.49) and (30.90±3.62) s, respectively; immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels were (2.35±0.56) and (2.08±0.59) g·L^-1, respectively; IgE levels were (74.74±9.64) and (71.04±7.78) IU·L^-1, respectively; IgG levels were (10.61±1.77) and (10.63±1.61) g·L^-1, respectively; IgM levels were (1.31±0.28) and (1.29±0.26) g·L^-1, respectively; CD4-positive T lymphocyte (CD4⁺) percentage were (37.89±4.92)% and (40.86±6.02)%, respectively; CD8⁺ percentage were (26.22±3.28)% and (24.55±3.01)%, respectively; CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio were 1.54±0.50 and 1.77±0.55, respectively; interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels were (15.33±3.81) and (13.48±3.60) pg·mL^-1, respectively; interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels were (27.38±4.07) and (25.33±3.47) pg·mL^-1, respectively; interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels were (80.98±8.12) and (76.60±8.06) ng·L^-1, respectively. All these parameters in treatment group showed statistically significant differences compared to control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The main adverse drug reactions in treatment group included injection site redness and swelling, fatigue and vomiting, while those in control group included nausea, dizziness and vomiting. The overall incidence of adverse drug reactions was 6.52% (3 cases/46 cases) in control group and 8.70% (4 cases/46 cases) in treatment group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).

The combination of LMWH calcium injections and CIM injections demonstrates superior efficacy in treating recurrent HSP in children, alleviating immune stress, exerting anti-inflammatory effects, and exhibiting safety profiles.

To explore the potential mechanism of morin in improving airway inflammation in asthma.

In animal experiments, rats were randomly divided into four groups, with 10 rats in each group: animal control group, animal model group [ovalbumins (OVA)-induced], animal experimental-L group (OVA-induced + 10 mg·kg^-1 morin), animal experimental-M (OVA-induced+30 mg·kg^-1 morin) and the experimental-H group (OVA-induced+100 mg·kg^-1 morin). After 4 weeks of treatment, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were collected for subsequent use, and lung tissues were harvested. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of murine double minute 2(MDM2) protein; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay was employed to determine the expression of inflammatory factors in BALF; and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay was applied to measure the mRNA expressions of tumor protein 53 (p53) and BCL-2 associated X protein (Bax). In cell experiments, 16HBE cells were randomly assigned to four groups: cell blank group, cell model group [treated with 50 μg·L^-1 interleukin(IL)-13], cell experimental group (treated with 65 μmol·L^-1 morin+IL-13), si-NC group(transfected with si-NC, then treated with 65 μmol·L^-1 morin+IL-13) and si-MDM2 group (transfected with si-MDM2, then treated with 65 μmol·L^-1 morin+IL-13). After 48 hours of treatment, TdT mediated dUDP nick end labeling(Tunel) assay was used to detect the cell apoptosis rate; Western blot assay was performed to determine protein expression and P53 ubiquitination level.

In animal experiments, the levels of MDM2 protein in the animal control group, animal model group, animal experimental-L group, animal experimental-M and animal experimental-H group were 0.65±0.05, 0.32±0.03, 0.41±0.06, 0.46±0.04 and 0.51±0.05, respectively; the levels of BALF-IL-13 were (15.44±1.19), (55.43±3.90), (48.79±4.88), (37.25±4.59) and (25.64±1.64) pg·mL^-1, respectively; the relative expression levels of p53 mRNA were 1.00±0.14, 1.75±0.13, 1.51±0.12, 1.44±0.09 and 1.24±0.14, respectively; the relative expression levels of Bax mRNA were 1.00±0.14, 1.94±0.16, 1.75±0.17, 1.62±0.17 and 1.39±0.09, respectively; when comparing the animal model group with the animal control group, and the animal experimental-L, -M, -H groups with the animal model group respectively, the differences of the above indicators were all statistically significant (P<0.05, P<0.01). In cell experiment, the apoptosis rates of cells in cell blank group, cell model group, cell experimental group, si-NC group and si-MDM2 group were (3.94±0.27), (31.76±2.39), (19.93±1.91), (18.14±2.50) and (25.97±1.74)%, respectively; the realtive expression levels of MDM2 protein were 0.91±0.09, 0.44±0.05, 0.66±0.08, 0.68±0.05 and 0.21±0.04, respectively; when comparing the cell model group with the cell blank group, the cell experimental group with the cell model group, the si-MDM2 group with the si-NC group, the differences of the above indicators were all statistically significant (all P<0.01).

Morin may alleviate asthmatic airway inflammation and cell apoptosis by upregulating MDM2 ubiquitination to regulate p53.

To discuss the effects of apatinib (APa) on proliferation, apoptosis, and immune escape of gastric cancer cells by adjusting the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) pathway.

SGC-7901 cells were randomly separated into blank control group, low-dose experimental group (intervention with 20 μmol·L^-1 Apa for 48 hours), medium-dose experimental group (intervention with 40 μmol·L^-1 Apa for 48 hours), high-dose experimental group (intervention with 60 μmol·L^-1 Apa for 48 hours) and HMGB1 group (intervention with 60 μmol·L^-1 Apa combined with 100 ng·mL^-1 HMGB1 recombinant factor for 48 hours). After intervention with APa and human HMGB1 recombinant factor, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method, 5-Ethynyl-2’- deoxyuridine (Edu) staining, and immunofluorescence staining Ki67 were used to measure the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in each group. Flow cytometry, Hoechst 33342/PI double staining, and immunofluorescence were performed to measure apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells in each group. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of HMGB1/RAGE signaling pathway proteins of SGC-7901 cells in various groups. A co-culture system of activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or NK cells with SGC-7901 cells was constructed. After grouping and drug intervention, the CCK-8 method was performed to detect the killing rates of T cells and NK cells against SGC-7901 cells in each group. Flow cytometry was used to measure the proportion of activated CD8⁺T cells in the co culture system of PBMCs and SGC-7901 cells in each group. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to measure the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the co culture system of PBMC and SGC-7901 cells in various groups. In addition, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure the levels of immune cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-2 production in the co culture system of PBMC and SGC-7901 cells.

The Edu positive rates in blank control group, the low-dose experimental group, medium-dose experimental group, high-dose experimental group and HMGB1 group were (86.23±5.30)%, (65.81±4.65)%, (43.16±4.52)%, (20.19±3.79)% and (82.45±5.27)%, respectively; the apoptosis rates were (4.37±1.19)%, (23.05±2.14)%, (41.87±2.69)%, (62.04±3.12)% and (5.91±1.28)%, respectively; the relative expression levels of HMGB1 protein were 1.15±0.07, 0.79±0.05, 0.43±0.04, 0.10±0.02 and 1.13±0.06, respectively; the RAGE protein expression levels were 1.23±0.08, 0.85±0.06, 0.47±0.05, 0.14±0.03 and 1.21±0.07, respectively; the PD-1 positive expression rates were (58.13±3.70)%, (45.37±2.84)%, (32.06±3.01)%, (21.47±2.31)% and (54.87±3.53)%, respectively; the T cell killing rates were (10.12±1.34)%, (23.45±1.62)%, (37.06±2.08)%, (51.29±2.73)% and (12.01±1.61)%, respectively; the proportions of activated CD8⁺T cells were (7.21±0.53)%, (12.42±0.81)%, (17.93±0.75)%, (23.07±0.64)% and (7.93±0.56)%, respectively; the IL-6 production levels were (28.31±3.26), (46.02±4.18), (65.43±3.70), (86.15±4.39) and (31.04±3.48) ng·L^-1, respectively. Compared the blank control group with the low-dose experimental group, medium-dose experimental group and high-dose experimental group, compared the HMGB1 group with the high-dose experimental group, the differences of above indexes were all statistically significant (all P<0.05).

APa can inhibit the proliferation and immune escape of gastric cancer cells, promote their apoptosis, possibly by blocking the activation of the HMGB1/RAGE signaling pathway.

To explore the potential mechanism of rosmarinic acid in reducing sepsis related kidney injury.

In the animal experiment, BALB/c mice were randomly divided into animal control group, animal model group [10 mg·kg^-1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modeling], animal low-dose experimental group (modeling+10 mg·kg^-1 rosmarinic acid) and animal high-dose experimental group (modeling+20 mg·kg^-1 rosmarinic acid), with 10 mice in each group. In the cell experiment part, RAW264.7 cells were randomly divided into cell blank group, cell model group (1 μg·mL^-1 LPS), cell low-dose experimental group (modeling+20.00 μmol·mL^-1 rosmarinic acid) and cell high-dose experimental group (modeling+40.00 μmol·mL^-1 rosmarinic acid). Serum and renal tissue inflammatory related indicators were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Renal tissue differentiation cluster 86 (CD86)⁺cells and F4/80⁺cells were co-located by immunohistochemistry.

In the animal experiment part, the serum creatinine (Scr) levels of animal control group, animal model group, low-dose experimental group and high-dose experimental group were (14.80±0.73), (59.73±6.79), (50.06±5.12) and (43.62±3.73) mmol·L^-1, respectively; the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were (1.26±0.11), (4.74±0.11), (3.86±0.23) and (2.48±0.28) U·L^-1, respectively; the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were (14.00±1.47), (85.90±6.66), (64.97±5.62) and (46.84±1.95) pg·mL^-1, respectively; the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 were (6.93±0.47), (50.05±3.84), (39.93±3.50) and (27.26±2.09) pg·mL^-1, respectively; the levels of IL-1 β were (22.17±2.27), (122.42±12.77), (91.54±6.84) and (61.23±6.31) pg·mL^-1, respectively; the CD86⁺/F4/80⁺ co-located cells were (100.00±4.85)%, (476.99±39.89)%, (322.15±24.15)% and (219.90±19.81)%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the above indexes between animal model and animal control group, between low-dose, high-dose experimental groups and animal model group, and between high-dose experimental group and low-dose experimental group (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). In the cell experiment, the relative expression levels of iNOS mRNA in the cell blank group, cell model group, cell low-dose experimental group and cell high-dose experimental group were 1.00±0.10, 3.26±0.31, 2.51±0.27 and 1.94±0.19, respectively; the relative expression levels of TNF - α mRNA were 1.00±0.14, 2.54±0.26, 2.07±0.22 and 1.77±0.18, respectively; the relative expression levels of IL-1β mRNA were 1.00±0.12, 2.24±0.30, 1.83±0.22 and 1.52±0.17, respectively; the relative expression levels of IL-6 mRNA were 1.00±0.08, 2.43±0.17, 1.85±0.21 and 1.54±0.16, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the above indexes between cell model group and cell blank group, between low-dose and high-dose experimental groups and cell model group, and between high-dose experimental group and low-dose experimental group (P<0.01, P<0.001).

Rosmarinic acid plays a protective role in LPS-induced acute kidney injury by inhibit macrophage activation and inhibition of their transformation into M1-type macrophages.