To explore the omalizumab via microRNA (miR)-26a-5p reduced the inflammasome, or the NOD-like receptor themal domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) mediated pyroptosis on airway remodeling in asthmatic rats, based on the inhibition of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway.

Fifty SD rats were divided into control group, model group, omalizumab group, omalizumab+agomir NC group and omalizumab+miR-26a-5p agomir group, with 10 rats in each group. The control group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.9% NaCl; the model group established the asthma model; the omalizumab group was intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 omalizumab daily on the basis of model group; the omalizumab + agomir NC group received tail vein injection of agomir NC on the basis of the omalizumab group; the omalizumab+ miR-26a-5p agomir group received tail vein injection of miR-26a-5p agomir on the basis of omalizumab group. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors; real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to detect the expression of miR-26a-5p; Western blotting (WB) was used to detect the pyroptosis and TLR4/MyD88/NF -κB pathway-related proteins expression levels.

The tube wall thickness in control group, model group and omalizumab group were (35.16±2.95), (52.94±4.63) and (44.07±3.78) μm; interleukin-13 (IL-13) levels were (18.23±3.94), (61.84±10.94) and (34.23±6.11) pg·mL^-1; interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels were (68.43±11.59), (22.94±4.70) and (43.10±8.04) pg·mL^-1; miR-26a-5p mRNA were 1.00±0.15, 2.26±0.31 and 1.37±0.19. The relative expression levels of NLRP3 in control group, the model group, the omalizumab group, the omalizumab +agomir NC group and omalizumab+miR-26a-5p agomir group were 1.00±0.11, 3.21±0.47, 1.77±0.24, 1.69±0.27 and 2.53±0.38; the relative expression levels of TLR4 were 1.00±0.13, 2.54±0.39, 1.86±0.39, 1.90±0.30 and 2.24±0.34; the relative expression levels of MyD88 were 1.00±0.15, 1.97±0.26, 1.44±0.21, 1.41±0.18 and 1.69±0.23; the relative expression levels of NF-κB were 1.00±0.12, 2.88± 0.37, 1.83±0.29, 1.77±0.25 and 2.54±0.41, respectively. The differences of the above indexes were statistically significant when compared the model group with the control group, the omalizumab group with the model group, and the omalizumab+miR-26a-5p agomir group with the omalizumab+agomir NC group (P<0.05, P<0.01).

Omalizumab may reduce NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis by inhibiting the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, thus achieving omalizumab inhibited airway remodeling and improved lung function in bronchial asthmatic rats.

To investigate the effects of sodium aescinate on the differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSC) into neural-like cells and its possible mechanism.

HUMSC cells were randomly divided into blank group, experiment-L group, experiment-M group and experiment-H group. All the cells were cultured with neurobasal medium (NM) medium, cells in experiment-L group, experiment-M group and experiment-H group were treated with 1.00, 2.00 and 4.00 mg·L^-1 sodium aescinate, respectively. The expression levels of neuron-like cells markers and synaptic markers were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase quantitative chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot.

The relative mRNA expression levels of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) in blank group, experiment-L group, experiment-M group and experiment-H group were 1.00±0.14, 1.26±0.08, 1.74±0.16 and 2.30±0.20, respectively; the relative mRNA expression levels of growth associated protein 43(GAP43) were 1.00±0.10, 1.14±0.15, 1.34±0.15 and 1.53±0.11, respectively; the relative expression levels of synaptophysin(SYN) mRNA were 1.00±0.09, 1.15±0.08, 1.32±0.12 and 1.48±0.13, respectively; the expression levels of neurofilament heavy chain(NF-H) protein were 0.41±0.04, 0.50±0.06, 0.71±0.06 and 1.21±0.09, respectively; postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD95) protein expression levels were 0.27±0.04, 0.41±0.06, 0.52±0.04 and 0.68±0.06, respectively; silent information regulator 1(SIRT1) protein expression levels were 0.31±0.04, 0.52±0.06, 0.67±0.06 and 0.80±0.10, respectively. The above indexes in experiment-L group, experiment-M group and experiment-H group were compared with blank group, the differences were all statistical significant (P<0.05, P<0.01); the above indexes compared among experiment-L group, experiment-M group and experiment-H group, the differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05, P<0.01).

Sodium aescinate may induce the differentiation of HUMSC into neural-like cells by regulating SIRT1 in vitro.

To investigate the mechanism of quercetin in promoting muscle regeneration in acute skeletal muscle injury.

Satellite cells were randomly divided into blank group (conventional culture), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) group (100 μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂ treated cells for 24 h), quercetin group (10 μmol·L^-1 quercetin treated cells for 24 h), H₂O₂+quercetin group (100 μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂+10 μmol·L^-1 quercetin treated cells for 24 h). Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method; protein expression was detected by Western blot assay; mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and related indicators of mitochondrial respiration were detected by kit.

The 24 h proliferation rates of cells in blank group, quercetin group, H₂O₂ group and H₂O₂+quercetin group were (100.00±4.27)%, (148.79±13.17)%, (81.70±3.19)% and (120.83±8.81)%, respectively; the relative expression levels of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) protein were 0.64±0.09, 0.76±0.09, 0.24±0.03 and 0.43±0.06, respectively; the relative expression levels of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein were 0.61±0.05, 0.67±0.06, 0.32±0.03 and 0.47±0.06, respectively; the fluorescence intensities of mitochondrial ROS were (52.56±1.97), (48.46±4.05), (119.53±13.06) and (102.91±8.93) a.u., respectively; the catalase (CAT) levels were (28.66±2.18), (35.62±3.89), (18.13±1.78) and (23.97±2.72) μmol·mg protein^-1, respectively; mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complex Ⅰ levels were (19.77±1.01), (23.28±2.48), (9.87±1.01) and (14.19±0.75) μmol·mg protein^-1, respectively. The above indexes in quercetin group and H₂O₂ group were compared with blank group, the above indexes in H₂O₂+quercetin group were compared with H₂O₂ group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001).

Quercetin can promote mitochondrial respiration by clearing mitochondrial ROS levels, improve oxidative damage, and then promote satellite cell proliferation, which can promote muscle regeneration in acute skeletal muscle injury.

To establish a method for the determination of carfilzomib in rat plasma by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), and to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of carfilzomib in rat plasma.

The rat plasma samples were processed by a protein precipitation approach using methanol∶acetonitrile (1∶1, v/v). Chromatographic column: Thermo Scientific^TM Hypersil GOLD^TM C₁₈ Column (2.1 mm×50.0 mm, 3 μm); mobile phase: 2 mmol·L^-1 ammonium acetate-0.02% formic acid water (A)-methanol (B) in gradient elution mode; flow rate: 0.45 mL·min^-1; injection volume: 5 μL. Electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring were adopted. The specificity, standard curve and lower limit of quantification, residue effect, precision and extraction recovery rate, dilution reliability, matrix effect and stability of this method were examined. After a single intravenous injection of 4 mg·kg^-1 carfilzomib into 6 healthy male SD rats, blood was collected from the inner corner of the eye, and the concentration of carfilzomib in the plasma was detected. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS 3.0.

Carfilzomib exhibited good specificity and linearity within the range of 0.5 to 1 250.0 ng·mL^-1, with a standard curve of y=2.40×10^-2x+6.81×10^-2 (r=0.996 4), the quantitative limit of detection was 0.5 ng·mL^-1, the sample residues were 7.64% and 1.00% of the quantitative limit of detection and the internal standard, respectively, the intra-day and inter-day precision were ≤7.51% and ≤8.16%, respectively, the intra-day and inter-day accuracy were -4.54% to 5.14% and -4.41% to 8.26%, respectively, the extraction recovery were 92.49% to 108.33%, and the methodological evaluation results of sample dilution effect, matrix effect and stability were all in accordance with the requirements for the validation of biological sample analysis methods. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of carfilzomib were: C_max was (1.10×10⁶±5.45×10⁵) ng·L^-1, t_1/2 was (23.10±7.38) min, AUC_0-t was (1.85×10⁷±9.85×10⁶) ng·L^-1·min.

The approach formulated in this study is operationally facile, highly discriminatory, sensitive, precise, dependable, and is appropriate for the determination and analysis of carfilzomib in rat plasma specimens.

To explore the mechanism of tacrolimus mediating the protective effect on chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) rats through regulating the expression of microRNA-145-5p (miR-145-5p) and modulating the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16/Ras homolog family member A/Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (CXCL16/RhoA/ROCK) pathway.

SD rats were randomly divided into the control group (administered an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl), model group (CGN model + equal volume of 0.9% NaCl), experimental group (CGN model + 3 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 tacrolimus) and combined group (experimental group + tail vein injection of 140 nmol·L^-1 miR-145-5p antagomir). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure 24-hour urinary protein (PRO), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr) levels. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the relative expression level of miR-145-5p in rat kidney tissue; Western blotting was used to determine protein expression levels.

The 24-hour PRO levels in the control, model and experimental groups were (7.44±2.16), (85.29±17.35) and (49.81±9.52) mg, respectively; the BUN levels were (5.82±1.03), (9.65±1.78) and (6.97±1.14) mmol·L^-1, respectively; the SCr levels were (46.31±7.69), (93.57±16.94) and (58.72±8.36) μmol·L^-1, respectively. The relative expression levels of miR-145-5p in the control, model, experimental and combined groups were 1.00±0.14, 0.56±0.07, 0.83±0.12 and 0.68±0.09, respectively; the TNF-α levels were (116.42±14.53), (237.56±26.18), (164.79±18.35) and (205.12±21.64) pg·mL^-1, respectively; the IL-1β levels were (15.76±1.84), (52.41±6.27), (21.35±2.92) and (43.63±4.58) pg·mL^-1, respectively; the IL-6 levels were (26.28±3.47), (71.53±8.64), (38.92±5.06) and (59.78±6.21) pg·mL^-1, respectively; the CXCL16 expression levels were 1.00±0.12, 1.62±0.17, 1.23±0.14 and 1.45±0.15, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the model group and the control group, between the experimental group and the model group, and between the combined group and the experimental group for these indicators (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001).

Tacrolimus can upregulate miR-145-5p, activate the CXCL16/RhoA/ROCK pathway, reduce inflammatory factors, and improve kidney damage in CGN rats.

To investigate the in vitro inhibitory effects of microRNA-28-5p (miR-28-5p) targeting G antigen 12I antibody (GAGE12I) on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells.

SGC-7901 cell were randomly divided into miR-28-5p group (miR-28-5p mimic), miR-NC group (miR-28-5p negative control mimic), shGAGE12I group (GAGE12I knockout) and blank group (GAGE12I not knockout). Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay and invasion chambers. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase activity assays were conducted to examine the interaction between miR-28-5p and GAGE12I.

The proliferation rates of miR-28-5p and miR-NC groups were (99.90±10.30)% and (48.25±4.15)%; the invasion rates were (145.57±14.52)% and (67.30±6.95)%; the mobility rates were (103.58±10.75)% and (43.18±4.26)%, respectively, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The proliferation rates of shGAGE12I group and blank group were (99.80±10.20)% and (35.50±3.58)%; the invasion rates were (142.70±13.65)% and (65.30±6.75)%; the mobility rates were (103.55±10.06)% and (48.38±4.52)%, respectively, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). GAGE12I was the target of miR-28-5p.

MiR-28-5p negatively regulates GAGE12I and reduces the proliferation, invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells.

To observe the clinical effect and safety of N-acetylcysteine combined with budesonide and terbutaline in the treatment of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and respiratory failure (RF).

According to queuing method, patients with AECOPD and RF were divided into treatment group and control group. On basis of basic treatment, control group was given aerosol inhalation of budesonide suspension (1 mg/once, bid) and terbutaline solution (5 mg/once, bid), while treatment group was given aerosol inhalation of N-acetylcysteine solution (0.3 g/once, bid) on basis of control group. All patients were treated for 2 weeks. The clinical effect, pulmonary function indexes [forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF)], dyspnea degree [modified version of British medical research council dyspnea scale (mMRC)], oxidative stress response indexes [superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and inflammatory response indexes [hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)] were compared between the two groups after treatment, and safety was evaluated.

There were 56 cases in control group and 64 cases in treatment group. After treatment, the total effective rate of the treatment group and the control group were 93.75% (60 cases /64 cases) and 82.14% (46 cases /56 cases), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, FVC in treatment group and control group were (2.41±0.59) and (2.08±0.54) L; PEF were (4.97±1.18) and (4.08±1.12) L·s^-1; mMRC scores were (1.86±0.39) and (2.67±0.56) points; SOD levels were (97.54±8.03) and (79.02±7.27) U·L^-1; hs-CRP levels were (5.09±1.42) and (8.63±2.13) mg·L^-1. Compared with control group, the above indexes in treatment group were statistically significant (all P<0.001). The adverse drug reactions in treatment group were mainly on vomiting, rash, palpitation and nausea, while in control group were mainly on fatigue, gastrointestinal reactions and rash. There was no significant difference in total incidence of adverse drug reactions between treatment group and control group [10.94% (7 cases/64 cases) vs 8.93% (5 cases/56 cases), P>0.05].

Curative effect of N-acetylcysteine combined with budesonide and terbutaline is significant in patients with AECOPD and RF, which can promote the recovery of pulmonary function, relieve dyspnea, oxidative stress and inflammatory response.

To observe the anesthetic effects and safety of remazolam injection combined with alfentanil injection in the treatment of patients with hysteroscopic surgery.

Patients scheduled for hysteroscopic surgery were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. The control group received intravenous 1.5-2.0 mg·kg^-1 propofol + 7-10 μg·kg^-1 alfentanil for anesthetic induction, during the surgery, continuously infused with 4-12 mg·kg^-1·h^-1 propofol + 0.05-0.20 μg·kg^-1·h^-1 remifentanil for anesthesia maintenance. The treatment group was given intravenous 0.3-0.5 mg·kg^-1 remimazolam + 7-10 μg·kg^-1 alfentanil for anesthetic induction, during the surgery, received 0.5-1.0 mg·kg^-1·h^-1remazolam+ 0.05-0.20 μg·kg^-1·h^-1 remifentanil for anesthesia maintenance. The hemodynamics, analgesic effects, cognitive function and safety were compared between the two groups.

Control group were enrolled 52 cases, 3 cases dropped out, and 49 cases were finally included in the statistical analysis. Treatment group were enrolled 53 cases, 4 cases dropped out, and 49 cases were finally included in the statistical analysis. At the end of the surgery, the mean arterial pressure of treatment and control groups were (73.98±7.41) and (60.10±6.84) mmHg, the heart rates were (68.43±7.32) and (63.92±7.36) beat·min^-1, the differences of above index were statistically significant between two groups (all P<0.05). One hour after operation, the visual analogue scale scores of treatment and control groups were (3.08±0.49) and (3.86±0.61) points, the mini-mental state examination scores were (22.65±2.41) and (18.24±2.38) points, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The adverse drug reactions of treatment group were nausea, while those in the control group were bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression and nausea. The total incidences of adverse drug reactions in the treatment and control groups were 2.04% and 14.29%, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05).

Remazolam injection combined with alfentanil injection can help to maintain hemodynamics of patients with hysteroscopic surgery, reduce the risk of postoperative pain and cognitive impairment, with good safety.

To observe the effect and safety of dydrogesterone combined with estradiol valerate on preventing the intrauterine re-adhesion after intrauterine adhesion (IUA) surgery.

The patients after IUA surgery were divided into control group and treatment group according to the cohort method. The control group was given oral estradiol valerate tablets (2 mg every time, twice a day) immediately after surgery and stopped after 30 days of continuous oral administration, and on the basis of the control group; the treatment group received dydrogesterone tablets (10 mg each time, once a day) from the 20^th day until the next menstruation. Both groups were treated for 2 menstrual cycles. The efficacy, endometrial receptivity ultrasound parameters [endometrial thickness, endometrial volume, vascular index (VI), blood flow index (FI), vascular blood flow index (VFI)], sex hormones [estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH)], adverse reactions and occurrence of re-adhesion were compared between the two groups.

Forty-eight cases in treatment group and 44 cases in control group were finally included. After 2 menstrual cycles of treatment, the total effective rates in treatment group and control group were 95.83% (46 cases/48 cases) and 81.82% (36 cases/44 cases), respectively (P<0.05). After 2 menstrual cycles of treatment, the endometrial thicknesses in treatment group and control group were (7.88±1.02) and (7.12±0.86) mm; the endometrial volumes were (3.02±0.97) and (2.57±0.73) cm³; VI values were 1.21±0.59 and 0.88±0.57; FI values were 29.87±5.12 and 27.56±4.63; VFI values were 1.12±0.43 and 0.83±0.36; E2 levels were (239.62±25.47) and (168.91±20.12) pmol·L^-1; FSH levels were (8.94±2.02) and (10.63±2.14) U·L^-1; LH levels were (13.38±2.16) and (15.27±2.59) U·L^-1, respectively (all P<0.05). The adverse drug reactions in treatment group were mainly breast tenderness and digestive tract discomfort; and the adverse drug reactions in control group were mainly breast tenderness, digestive tract discomfort and headache. The total incidence rates of adverse drug reactions in treatment group and control group were 14.58% (7 cases/48 cases) and 11.36% (5 cases/44 cases), respectively (P>0.05). The incidence rates of re-adhesion in treatment group and control group were 6.25% (3 cases/48 cases) and 20.45% (9 cases/44 cases) (P<0.05).

Dydrogesterone combined with estradiol valerate has a significant effect on preventing intrauterine re-adhesion after IUA surgery, and it can effectively improve the endometrial receptivity and sex hormones levels of patients, and it has medication safety.

To observe the clinical efficacy of nilapalil toluene sulfonate capsules, bevacizumab injection, and their combination therapy for ovarian cancer, and to assess their impact on serum biomarkers and ovarian blood flow parameters.

Ovarian cancer patients were divided into three groups according to a cohort methods: Control A group, control B group, and combined group. Control A group received nilapalil toluene sulfonate capsules, 300 mg once daily for 21 days per cycle. Control B group received bevacizumab injection 7.5 mg·kg^-1, administered every 3 days for 21 days per cycle. The combined group received both nilapalil toluene sulfonate capsules and bevacizumab injection following the same regimen as the control groups. All groups underwent 4 cycles of treatment. Clinical efficacy, serum tumor biomarkers, ovarian blood flow parameters, adverse drug reactions, and patient survival were compared across the three groups.

A total of 31 patients in control A group, 28 patients in control B group, and 41 patients in the combined group were included. After treatment, the total effective rates for control A group, control B group, and the combined group were 70.97% (22 cases/31 cases), 71.43% (20 cases /28 cases) and 92.68% (38 cases /41 cases), respectively. The combined group showed a significantly higher effective rate compared to both control A group and control B group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in control A group, control B group, and the combined group were (15.26±2.33), (14.89±2.34) and (9.74±1.21) μg·L^-1, respectively; and the pulsatility index (PI) were 1.35±0.24, 1.39±0.21 and 1.82±0.32, respectively. The combined group showed significant differences in these parameters compared to both control A group and control B group (all P<0.05). Adverse drug reactions in control A group mainly included gastrointestinal reactions, hair loss, and proteinuria; control B group had gastrointestinal reactions, hair loss, and muscle pain; and the combined group experienced gastrointestinal reactions, hair loss, proteinuria, and muscle pain. The overall adverse drug reaction rates in control A group, control B group, and the combined group were 25.81% (8 cases /31 cases), 25.00% (7 cases /28 cases) and 26.38% (11 cases /41 cases), respectively, with no significant difference between the groups (all P>0.05). After 12 months of follow-up, the survival rates for control A group, control B group, and the combined group were 70.97% (22 cases /31 cases), 67.86% (19 cases /28 cases) and 90.24% (37 cases /41 cases), respectively. The survival rate of the combined group was significantly higher than that of control A group and control B group (all P<0.05).

The combination of nilapalil toluene sulfonate capsules and bevacizumab injection in the treatment of ovarian cancer effectively reduces serum biomarker levels, improves ovarian blood flow parameters, has a low incidence of adverse drug reactions, high safety, and significantly improves patient survival.