Oleanolic acid (OA), a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, is widely distributed in plants such as hawthorn and lycium barbarum. It possesses various biological activities including anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-tumor and anti-aging. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that OA can delay the aging process through multiple pathways, ①regulating oxidative stress response by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling 1 pathway to enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; ②inhibiting inflammatory-related pathways, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, to lower the levels of pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) ; ③activating the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog (SIRT1) / adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway to improve mitochondrial function, promote autophagy, and delay cellular aging; ④regulating the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and inhibiting the tumor protein p53 (p53)/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21) signaling pathway to reduce cell cycle arrest. This article reviews the multi-target anti-aging mechanism of OA and explores its potential application value, aiming to provide theoretical basis and new ideas for anti-aging research.