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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent endocrine-metabolic disorder, is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, an intracellular complex composed of active-NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and pro-cysteine aspartate specific proteinase 1 (Pro-Caspase-1), is activated by stimuli such as pathogen invasion, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders, regulating the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 to mediate inflammatory responses. PCOS is intricately linked to NLRP3 inflammasome activation: it triggers NLRP3 via mechanisms including ion imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic product accumulation, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory factors that exacerbate ovarian inflammatory microenvironment, inhibit follicular development, and induce granulosa cell apoptosis. Concurrently, NLRP3 inflammasome activation exacerbates metabolic disorders and reproductive endocrine abnormalities by disrupting insulin signaling and promoting androgen synthesis, forming a "metabolism-inflammation-reproduction" vicious cycle. This paper systematically reviews the basic research progress of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and deeply explores the synergistic mechanisms of TCM in anti-inflammatory and metabolic regulation within PCOS models, aiming to provide novel therapeutic strategies for PCOS.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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